mult_practice.py

"""
My son needed more practice with multiplication 
and I made this little console game for him.
Launch with 

python mult_practice.py

in your terminal/command line and let your kids play too!
"""

import sys
import random

# numbers from 0 to 12
NUMBERS = tuple(range(13))

# probabilities for each number, adjust to your needs
WEIGHTS = (0.01, 0.01, 0.01, 0.05, 0.05, 0.03, 0.11,
 0.11, 0.11, 0.11, 0.05, 0.17, 0.18)

# response options for right and wrong cases
RESPONSE_CORRECT = ("Correct!", "That's right!", "Perfect!",
					"Good job!", "You're a genius!", "Great!")
RESPONSE_WRONG = ("Try again!", "No, it isn't...",
 "Give it another try!", "Think twice...")

# these are for the hints in the game
FACTORS = {4: (2, 2), 6: (2, 3), 8: (2, 4), 9: (3, 3)}
DISTRIBUTIONS = {11: (10, 1), 12: (10, 2)}


def get_help(n1, n2):
 """
 For suitable numbers creates a representation by either its factors 
 or a sum of two numbers and returns an equation string with them.
 """
 def get_factors(n):
 if n in FACTORS:
 return [str(i) for i in FACTORS[n]]
 else:
 return False

 def distibute(n):
 if n in DISTRIBUTIONS:
 return [str(i) for i in DISTRIBUTIONS[n]]
 else:
 return False
 lst = []
 for n in [n1, n2]:
 s = " x ".join(get_factors(n)) if get_factors(n) \
 else "(" + " + ".join(distibute(n)) + ")" if distibute(n) \
 else str(n)
 lst.append(s)

 return " x ".join(lst)


def round_setup(numbers, weights):
 """
 For each round of the game randomly selects 2 numbers from the list 
 from 0 to 12 and returns the product of these two numbers to check 
 the player's input, the multiplication equation string and the equation 
 string with additional hints based on distibutive and associative 
 properties /see get_help() function/.
 """
 
 n1 = random.choice(random.choices(numbers, weights))
 n2 = random.choice(random.choices(numbers, weights))
 equation = "{} x {} = ".format(n1, n2)
 equation_help = get_help(n1, n2)
 product = n1 * n2
 return product, equation, equation_help


def attempt_to_answer(product, equation, equation_help, attempts=0):
 """
 Checks if the player's answer is correct and returns the number of attempt
 the player used before asnwering correctly. After 2 incorrect attempts 
 it prints the equation with additional helpful hints.
 """

 try:
 	answer = int(input())
 except:
 	print("Enter a number")
 	answer = -1
 attempts += 1

 if answer == product:
 print(random.choice(RESPONSE_CORRECT))
 return attempts
 elif answer == -1:
 	attempts -= 1
 	return attempt_to_answer(product, equation, equation_help, attempts)
 else:
 print(random.choice(RESPONSE_WRONG))
 if attempts > 1:
 print(equation + equation_help)
 return attempt_to_answer(product, equation, equation_help, attempts)

def play_round():
 """
 Launches the setup of each round, prints the equation for the round
 and returns the numbers of attempts the player took to pass the round.
 """

 product, equation, equation_help = round_setup(NUMBERS, WEIGHTS)
 print(equation)

 return attempt_to_answer(product, equation, equation_help)


def play_game():
 """
 Launches the math practice game. 
 Prompts the player to continue or stop every 10 rounds 
 and keeps track of the progress.
 """

 rounds = []

 while True:
 rounds.append(play_round())
 if len(rounds) % 10 == 0:
 check = input("Do you want to continue? (y/n)")
 if check == 'n':
 break
 total = len(rounds)
 first = sum(1 for r in rounds if r == 1)
 print(
 	"You got {} out of {} correctly at the first attempt!\nThat is {}%!" \
 	.format(first, total, round(100*first/total)))


def main():
 """
 Here starts the game!
 """
 
 print("\nHi! Let's start the multiplication practice game!")
 print("-------------------------------------------------\n")

 try:
 play_game()
 except:
 print("Unexpected input... exiting!\n")
 sys.exit(0)


if __name__ == "__main__":
 main()