diff --git a/plugins/compress/compress.cc b/plugins/compress/compress.cc
index 88c52e02860..30cb749d7bc 100644
--- a/plugins/compress/compress.cc
+++ b/plugins/compress/compress.cc
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ compress_transform_init(TSCont contp, Data *data)
   }
 
   if (content_encoding_header(bufp, hdr_loc, data->compression_type, data->compression_algorithms) == TS_SUCCESS &&
-      vary_header(bufp, hdr_loc) == TS_SUCCESS && etag_header(bufp, hdr_loc) == TS_SUCCESS) {
+      etag_header(bufp, hdr_loc) == TS_SUCCESS) {
     downstream_conn         = TSTransformOutputVConnGet(contp);
     data->downstream_buffer = TSIOBufferCreate();
     data->downstream_reader = TSIOBufferReaderAlloc(data->downstream_buffer);
@@ -518,7 +518,7 @@ compress_transform(TSCont contp, TSEvent event, void * /* edata ATS_UNUSED */)
 }
 
 static int
-transformable(TSHttpTxn txnp, bool server, HostConfiguration *host_configuration, int *compress_type, int *algorithms)
+is_content_compressible(TSHttpTxn txnp, bool server, HostConfiguration *host_configuration)
 {
   /* Server response header */
   TSMBuffer bufp;
@@ -528,7 +528,6 @@ transformable(TSHttpTxn txnp, bool server, HostConfiguration *host_configuration
   /* Client request header */
   TSMBuffer cbuf;
   TSMLoc    chdr;
-  TSMLoc    cfield;
 
   const char  *value;
   int          len;
@@ -570,6 +569,100 @@ transformable(TSHttpTxn txnp, bool server, HostConfiguration *host_configuration
     return 0;
   }
 
+  // the only compressible method is currently GET or POST.
+  int         method_length;
+  const char *method = TSHttpHdrMethodGet(cbuf, chdr, &method_length);
+
+  if (!((method_length == TS_HTTP_LEN_GET && memcmp(method, TS_HTTP_METHOD_GET, TS_HTTP_LEN_GET) == 0) ||
+        (method_length == TS_HTTP_LEN_POST && memcmp(method, TS_HTTP_METHOD_POST, TS_HTTP_LEN_POST) == 0))) {
+    debug("method is not GET or POST, not compressible");
+    TSHandleMLocRelease(cbuf, TS_NULL_MLOC, chdr);
+    TSHandleMLocRelease(bufp, TS_NULL_MLOC, hdr_loc);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  TSHandleMLocRelease(cbuf, TS_NULL_MLOC, chdr);
+
+  /* If there already exists a content encoding then we don't want
+     to do anything. */
+  field_loc = TSMimeHdrFieldFind(bufp, hdr_loc, TS_MIME_FIELD_CONTENT_ENCODING, -1);
+  if (field_loc) {
+    info("response is already content encoded, not compressible");
+    TSHandleMLocRelease(bufp, hdr_loc, field_loc);
+    TSHandleMLocRelease(bufp, TS_NULL_MLOC, hdr_loc);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  field_loc = TSMimeHdrFieldFind(bufp, hdr_loc, TS_MIME_FIELD_CONTENT_LENGTH, TS_MIME_LEN_CONTENT_LENGTH);
+  if (field_loc != TS_NULL_MLOC) {
+    unsigned int hdr_value = TSMimeHdrFieldValueUintGet(bufp, hdr_loc, field_loc, -1);
+    TSHandleMLocRelease(bufp, hdr_loc, field_loc);
+    if (hdr_value == 0) {
+      info("response is 0-length, not compressible");
+      TSHandleMLocRelease(bufp, TS_NULL_MLOC, hdr_loc);
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    if (hdr_value < host_configuration->minimum_content_length()) {
+      info("response is smaller than minimum content length, not compressing");
+      TSHandleMLocRelease(bufp, TS_NULL_MLOC, hdr_loc);
+      return 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Check if content type is compressible based on configuration.
+  field_loc = TSMimeHdrFieldFind(bufp, hdr_loc, TS_MIME_FIELD_CONTENT_TYPE, -1);
+  if (!field_loc) {
+    info("no content type header found, not compressible");
+    TSHandleMLocRelease(bufp, TS_NULL_MLOC, hdr_loc);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  value = TSMimeHdrFieldValueStringGet(bufp, hdr_loc, field_loc, -1, &len);
+
+  int rv = host_configuration->is_content_type_compressible(value, len);
+
+  if (!rv) {
+    info("content-type [%.*s] not compressible", len, value);
+  }
+
+  TSHandleMLocRelease(bufp, hdr_loc, field_loc);
+  TSHandleMLocRelease(bufp, TS_NULL_MLOC, hdr_loc);
+
+  return rv;
+}
+
+static int
+client_accepts_compression(TSHttpTxn txnp, bool server, HostConfiguration *host_configuration, int *compress_type, int *algorithms)
+{
+  /* Server response header */
+  TSMBuffer bufp;
+  TSMLoc    hdr_loc;
+
+  /* Client request header */
+  TSMBuffer cbuf;
+  TSMLoc    chdr;
+  TSMLoc    cfield;
+
+  const char *value;
+  int         len;
+
+  if (server) {
+    if (TS_SUCCESS != TSHttpTxnServerRespGet(txnp, &bufp, &hdr_loc)) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (TS_SUCCESS != TSHttpTxnCachedRespGet(txnp, &bufp, &hdr_loc)) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (TS_SUCCESS != TSHttpTxnClientReqGet(txnp, &cbuf, &chdr)) {
+    info("cound not get client request");
+    TSHandleMLocRelease(bufp, TS_NULL_MLOC, hdr_loc);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
   // check Partial Object is transformable
   if (host_configuration->range_request_ctl() == RangeRequestCtrl::NO_COMPRESSION) {
     // check Range header in client request
@@ -592,21 +685,6 @@ transformable(TSHttpTxn txnp, bool server, HostConfiguration *host_configuration
       TSHandleMLocRelease(cbuf, TS_NULL_MLOC, chdr);
       return 0;
     }
-
-    TSHandleMLocRelease(bufp, hdr_loc, content_range_hdr_field);
-    TSHandleMLocRelease(cbuf, chdr, range_hdr_field);
-  }
-
-  // the only compressible method is currently GET.
-  int         method_length;
-  const char *method = TSHttpHdrMethodGet(cbuf, chdr, &method_length);
-
-  if (!((method_length == TS_HTTP_LEN_GET && memcmp(method, TS_HTTP_METHOD_GET, TS_HTTP_LEN_GET) == 0) ||
-        (method_length == TS_HTTP_LEN_POST && memcmp(method, TS_HTTP_METHOD_POST, TS_HTTP_LEN_POST) == 0))) {
-    debug("method is not GET or POST, not compressible");
-    TSHandleMLocRelease(cbuf, TS_NULL_MLOC, chdr);
-    TSHandleMLocRelease(bufp, TS_NULL_MLOC, hdr_loc);
-    return 0;
   }
 
   *algorithms = host_configuration->compression_algorithms();
@@ -647,10 +725,10 @@ transformable(TSHttpTxn txnp, bool server, HostConfiguration *host_configuration
 
     TSHandleMLocRelease(cbuf, chdr, cfield);
     TSHandleMLocRelease(cbuf, TS_NULL_MLOC, chdr);
+    TSHandleMLocRelease(bufp, TS_NULL_MLOC, hdr_loc);
 
     if (!compression_acceptable) {
       info("no acceptable encoding match found in request header, not compressible");
-      TSHandleMLocRelease(bufp, TS_NULL_MLOC, hdr_loc);
       return 0;
     }
   } else {
@@ -661,52 +739,48 @@ transformable(TSHttpTxn txnp, bool server, HostConfiguration *host_configuration
     return 0;
   }
 
-  /* If there already exists a content encoding then we don't want
-     to do anything. */
-  field_loc = TSMimeHdrFieldFind(bufp, hdr_loc, TS_MIME_FIELD_CONTENT_ENCODING, -1);
-  if (field_loc) {
-    info("response is already content encoded, not compressible");
-    TSHandleMLocRelease(bufp, hdr_loc, field_loc);
-    TSHandleMLocRelease(bufp, TS_NULL_MLOC, hdr_loc);
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  field_loc = TSMimeHdrFieldFind(bufp, hdr_loc, TS_MIME_FIELD_CONTENT_LENGTH, TS_MIME_LEN_CONTENT_LENGTH);
-  if (field_loc != TS_NULL_MLOC) {
-    unsigned int hdr_value = TSMimeHdrFieldValueUintGet(bufp, hdr_loc, field_loc, -1);
-    TSHandleMLocRelease(bufp, hdr_loc, field_loc);
-    if (hdr_value == 0) {
-      info("response is 0-length, not compressible");
-      return 0;
-    }
-
-    if (hdr_value < host_configuration->minimum_content_length()) {
-      info("response is smaller than minimum content length, not compressing");
-      return 0;
-    }
-  }
+  return 1;
+}
 
-  /* We only want to do gzip compression on documents that have a
-     content type of "text/" or "application/x-javascript". */
-  field_loc = TSMimeHdrFieldFind(bufp, hdr_loc, TS_MIME_FIELD_CONTENT_TYPE, -1);
-  if (!field_loc) {
-    info("no content type header found, not compressible");
-    TSHandleMLocRelease(bufp, TS_NULL_MLOC, hdr_loc);
+static int
+transformable(TSHttpTxn txnp, bool server, HostConfiguration *host_configuration, int *compress_type, int *algorithms,
+              bool *content_is_compressible)
+{
+  // First check if content could be compressible
+  *content_is_compressible = is_content_compressible(txnp, server, host_configuration);
+  if (!*content_is_compressible) {
     return 0;
   }
 
-  value = TSMimeHdrFieldValueStringGet(bufp, hdr_loc, field_loc, -1, &len);
+  // Then check if client accepts compression
+  return client_accepts_compression(txnp, server, host_configuration, compress_type, algorithms);
+}
 
-  int rv = host_configuration->is_content_type_compressible(value, len);
+static void
+add_vary_header_for_compressible_content(TSHttpTxn txnp, bool server, HostConfiguration * /* hc ATS_UNUSED */)
+{
+  TSMBuffer resp_buf;
+  TSMLoc    resp_loc;
 
-  if (!rv) {
-    info("content-type [%.*s] not compressible", len, value);
+  // Get the response headers
+  if (server) {
+    if (TS_SUCCESS != TSHttpTxnServerRespGet(txnp, &resp_buf, &resp_loc)) {
+      return;
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (TS_SUCCESS != TSHttpTxnCachedRespGet(txnp, &resp_buf, &resp_loc)) {
+      return;
+    }
   }
 
-  TSHandleMLocRelease(bufp, hdr_loc, field_loc);
-  TSHandleMLocRelease(bufp, TS_NULL_MLOC, hdr_loc);
+  // Add Vary: Accept-Encoding header
+  if (vary_header(resp_buf, resp_loc) != TS_SUCCESS) {
+    error("failed to add Vary header for compressible content");
+    TSHandleMLocRelease(resp_buf, TS_NULL_MLOC, resp_loc);
+    return;
+  }
 
-  return rv;
+  TSHandleMLocRelease(resp_buf, TS_NULL_MLOC, resp_loc);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -734,6 +808,21 @@ compress_transform_add(TSHttpTxn txnp, HostConfiguration *hc, int compress_type,
   TSHttpTxnHookAdd(txnp, TS_HTTP_RESPONSE_TRANSFORM_HOOK, connp);
 }
 
+static void
+handle_compression_and_vary(TSHttpTxn txnp, bool server, HostConfiguration *hc, int *compress_type, int *algorithms)
+{
+  // Check if content is compressible and add compression if client accepts it
+  bool content_is_compressible;
+  if (transformable(txnp, server, hc, compress_type, algorithms, &content_is_compressible)) {
+    compress_transform_add(txnp, hc, *compress_type, *algorithms);
+  }
+
+  // Add Vary: Accept-Encoding for all compressible content to ensure proper HTTP caching
+  if (content_is_compressible) {
+    add_vary_header_for_compressible_content(txnp, server, hc);
+  }
+}
+
 HostConfiguration *
 find_host_configuration(TSHttpTxn /* txnp ATS_UNUSED */, TSMBuffer bufp, TSMLoc locp, Configuration *config)
 {
@@ -778,9 +867,7 @@ transform_plugin(TSCont contp, TSEvent event, void *edata)
         }
       }
 
-      if (transformable(txnp, true, hc, &compress_type, &algorithms)) {
-        compress_transform_add(txnp, hc, compress_type, algorithms);
-      }
+      handle_compression_and_vary(txnp, true, hc, &compress_type, &algorithms);
     }
     break;
 
@@ -806,9 +893,7 @@ transform_plugin(TSCont contp, TSEvent event, void *edata)
     if (TS_ERROR != TSHttpTxnCacheLookupStatusGet(txnp, &obj_status) && (TS_CACHE_LOOKUP_HIT_FRESH == obj_status)) {
       if (hc != nullptr) {
         info("handling compression of cached object");
-        if (transformable(txnp, false, hc, &compress_type, &algorithms)) {
-          compress_transform_add(txnp, hc, compress_type, algorithms);
-        }
+        handle_compression_and_vary(txnp, false, hc, &compress_type, &algorithms);
       }
     } else {
       // Prepare for going to origin
diff --git a/tests/gold_tests/pluginTest/compress/compress.gold b/tests/gold_tests/pluginTest/compress/compress.gold
index 76ea2da492e..223c32eb70f 100644
--- a/tests/gold_tests/pluginTest/compress/compress.gold
+++ b/tests/gold_tests/pluginTest/compress/compress.gold
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 > Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, sdch, br, zstd
 < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 < Content-Type: text/javascript
-< Content-Encoding: br
 < Vary: Accept-Encoding
+< Content-Encoding: br
 < Content-Length: 46
 ===
 > GET http://ae-0/obj0 HTTP/1.1
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@
 > Accept-Encoding: gzip
 < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 < Content-Type: text/javascript
-< Content-Encoding: gzip
 < Vary: Accept-Encoding
+< Content-Encoding: gzip
 < Content-Length: 7``
 ===
 > GET http://ae-0/obj0 HTTP/1.1
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@
 > Accept-Encoding: br
 < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 < Content-Type: text/javascript
-< Content-Encoding: br
 < Vary: Accept-Encoding
+< Content-Encoding: br
 < Content-Length: 46
 ===
 > GET http://ae-0/obj0 HTTP/1.1
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 < Content-Type: text/javascript
 < Content-Length: 1049
+< Vary: Accept-Encoding
 ===
 > GET http://ae-0/obj0 HTTP/1.1
 > X-Ats-Compress-Test: 0/zstd
@@ -38,14 +39,15 @@
 < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 < Content-Type: text/javascript
 < Content-Length: 1049
+< Vary: Accept-Encoding
 ===
 > GET http://ae-1/obj1 HTTP/1.1
 > X-Ats-Compress-Test: 1/gzip, deflate, sdch, br, zstd
 > Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, sdch, br, zstd
 < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 < Content-Type: text/javascript
-< Content-Encoding: gzip
 < Vary: Accept-Encoding
+< Content-Encoding: gzip
 < Content-Length: 7``
 ===
 > GET http://ae-1/obj1 HTTP/1.1
@@ -53,8 +55,8 @@
 > Accept-Encoding: gzip
 < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 < Content-Type: text/javascript
-< Content-Encoding: gzip
 < Vary: Accept-Encoding
+< Content-Encoding: gzip
 < Content-Length: 7``
 ===
 > GET http://ae-1/obj1 HTTP/1.1
@@ -63,6 +65,7 @@
 < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 < Content-Type: text/javascript
 < Content-Length: 1049
+< Vary: Accept-Encoding
 ===
 > GET http://ae-1/obj1 HTTP/1.1
 > X-Ats-Compress-Test: 1/deflate
@@ -70,6 +73,7 @@
 < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 < Content-Type: text/javascript
 < Content-Length: 1049
+< Vary: Accept-Encoding
 ===
 > GET http://ae-1/obj1 HTTP/1.1
 > X-Ats-Compress-Test: 1/zstd
@@ -77,14 +81,15 @@
 < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 < Content-Type: text/javascript
 < Content-Length: 1049
+< Vary: Accept-Encoding
 ===
 > GET http://ae-2/obj2 HTTP/1.1
 > X-Ats-Compress-Test: 2/gzip, deflate, sdch, br, zstd
 > Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, sdch, br, zstd
 < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 < Content-Type: text/javascript
-< Content-Encoding: br
 < Vary: Accept-Encoding
+< Content-Encoding: br
 < Content-Length: 46
 ===
 > GET http://ae-2/obj2 HTTP/1.1
@@ -92,8 +97,8 @@
 > Accept-Encoding: gzip
 < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 < Content-Type: text/javascript
-< Content-Encoding: gzip
 < Vary: Accept-Encoding
+< Content-Encoding: gzip
 < Content-Length: 7``
 ===
 > GET http://ae-2/obj2 HTTP/1.1
@@ -101,8 +106,8 @@
 > Accept-Encoding: br
 < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 < Content-Type: text/javascript
-< Content-Encoding: br
 < Vary: Accept-Encoding
+< Content-Encoding: br
 < Content-Length: 46
 ===
 > GET http://ae-2/obj2 HTTP/1.1
@@ -111,6 +116,7 @@
 < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 < Content-Type: text/javascript
 < Content-Length: 1049
+< Vary: Accept-Encoding
 ===
 > GET http://ae-2/obj2 HTTP/1.1
 > X-Ats-Compress-Test: 2/zstd
@@ -118,14 +124,15 @@
 < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 < Content-Type: text/javascript
 < Content-Length: 1049
+< Vary: Accept-Encoding
 ===
 > GET http://ae-3/obj3 HTTP/1.1
 > X-Ats-Compress-Test: 3/gzip, deflate, sdch, br, zstd
 > Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, sdch, br, zstd
 < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 < Content-Type: text/javascript
-< Content-Encoding: br
 < Vary: Accept-Encoding
+< Content-Encoding: br
 < Content-Length: 46
 ===
 > GET http://ae-3/obj3 HTTP/1.1
@@ -133,8 +140,8 @@
 > Accept-Encoding: gzip
 < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 < Content-Type: text/javascript
-< Content-Encoding: gzip
 < Vary: Accept-Encoding
+< Content-Encoding: gzip
 < Content-Length: 7``
 ===
 > GET http://ae-3/obj3 HTTP/1.1
@@ -142,8 +149,8 @@
 > Accept-Encoding: br
 < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 < Content-Type: text/javascript
-< Content-Encoding: br
 < Vary: Accept-Encoding
+< Content-Encoding: br
 < Content-Length: 46
 ===
 > GET http://ae-3/obj3 HTTP/1.1
@@ -152,6 +159,7 @@
 < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 < Content-Type: text/javascript
 < Content-Length: 1049
+< Vary: Accept-Encoding
 ===
 > GET http://ae-3/obj3 HTTP/1.1
 > X-Ats-Compress-Test: 3/zstd
@@ -159,6 +167,7 @@
 < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 < Content-Type: text/javascript
 < Content-Length: 1049
+< Vary: Accept-Encoding
 ===
 > GET http://ae-4/obj4 HTTP/1.1
 > X-Ats-Compress-Test: 4/gzip, deflate, sdch, br, zstd
@@ -174,8 +183,8 @@
 > Accept-Encoding: gzip
 < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 < Content-Type: text/javascript
-< Content-Encoding: gzip
 < Vary: Accept-Encoding
+< Content-Encoding: gzip
 < Content-Length: 7``
 ===
 > GET http://ae-4/obj4 HTTP/1.1
@@ -183,8 +192,8 @@
 > Accept-Encoding: br
 < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 < Content-Type: text/javascript
-< Content-Encoding: br
 < Vary: Accept-Encoding
+< Content-Encoding: br
 < Content-Length: 4``
 ===
 > GET http://ae-4/obj4 HTTP/1.1
@@ -193,6 +202,7 @@
 < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 < Content-Type: text/javascript
 < Content-Length: 1049
+< Vary: Accept-Encoding
 ===
 > GET http://ae-4/obj4 HTTP/1.1
 > X-Ats-Compress-Test: 4/zstd
@@ -217,8 +227,8 @@
 > Accept-Encoding: gzip
 < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 < Content-Type: text/javascript
-< Content-Encoding: gzip
 < Vary: Accept-Encoding
+< Content-Encoding: gzip
 < Content-Length: 7``
 ===
 > GET http://ae-5/obj5 HTTP/1.1
@@ -226,8 +236,8 @@
 > Accept-Encoding: br
 < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 < Content-Type: text/javascript
-< Content-Encoding: br
 < Vary: Accept-Encoding
+< Content-Encoding: br
 < Content-Length: 4``
 ===
 > GET http://ae-5/obj5 HTTP/1.1
@@ -236,6 +246,7 @@
 < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 < Content-Type: text/javascript
 < Content-Length: 1049
+< Vary: Accept-Encoding
 ===
 > GET http://ae-5/obj5 HTTP/1.1
 > X-Ats-Compress-Test: 5/zstd
@@ -251,8 +262,8 @@
 > Accept-Encoding: gzip;q=0.666
 < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 < Content-Type: text/javascript
-< Content-Encoding: gzip
 < Vary: Accept-Encoding
+< Content-Encoding: gzip
 < Content-Length: 7``
 ===
 > GET http://ae-0/obj0 HTTP/1.1
@@ -260,8 +271,8 @@
 > Accept-Encoding: gzip;q=0.666x
 < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 < Content-Type: text/javascript
-< Content-Encoding: gzip
 < Vary: Accept-Encoding
+< Content-Encoding: gzip
 < Content-Length: 7``
 ===
 > GET http://ae-0/obj0 HTTP/1.1
@@ -269,8 +280,8 @@
 > Accept-Encoding: gzip;q=#0.666
 < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 < Content-Type: text/javascript
-< Content-Encoding: gzip
 < Vary: Accept-Encoding
+< Content-Encoding: gzip
 < Content-Length: 7``
 ===
 > GET http://ae-0/obj0 HTTP/1.1
@@ -278,8 +289,8 @@
 > Accept-Encoding: gzip; Q = 0.666
 < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 < Content-Type: text/javascript
-< Content-Encoding: gzip
 < Vary: Accept-Encoding
+< Content-Encoding: gzip
 < Content-Length: 7``
 ===
 > GET http://ae-0/obj0 HTTP/1.1
@@ -288,14 +299,15 @@
 < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 < Content-Type: text/javascript
 < Content-Length: 1049
+< Vary: Accept-Encoding
 ===
 > GET http://ae-0/obj0 HTTP/1.1
 > X-Ats-Compress-Test: 0/gzip;q=-0.1
 > Accept-Encoding: gzip;q=-0.1
 < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 < Content-Type: text/javascript
-< Content-Encoding: gzip
 < Vary: Accept-Encoding
+< Content-Encoding: gzip
 < Content-Length: 7``
 ===
 > GET http://ae-0/obj0 HTTP/1.1
@@ -303,8 +315,8 @@
 > Accept-Encoding: aaa, gzip;q=0.666, bbb
 < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 < Content-Type: text/javascript
-< Content-Encoding: gzip
 < Vary: Accept-Encoding
+< Content-Encoding: gzip
 < Content-Length: 7``
 ===
 > GET http://ae-0/obj0 HTTP/1.1
@@ -312,8 +324,8 @@
 > Accept-Encoding:  br ; q=0.666, bbb
 < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 < Content-Type: text/javascript
-< Content-Encoding: br
 < Vary: Accept-Encoding
+< Content-Encoding: br
 < Content-Length: 46
 ===
 > GET http://ae-0/obj0 HTTP/1.1
@@ -321,8 +333,8 @@
 > Accept-Encoding: aaa, gzip;q=0.666 , 
 < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 < Content-Type: text/javascript
-< Content-Encoding: gzip
 < Vary: Accept-Encoding
+< Content-Encoding: gzip
 < Content-Length: 7``
 ===
 > POST http://ae-3/obj3 HTTP/1.1
@@ -330,7 +342,7 @@
 > Accept-Encoding: gzip
 < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 < Content-Type: text/javascript
-< Content-Encoding: gzip
 < Vary: Accept-Encoding
+< Content-Encoding: gzip
 < Content-Length: 7``
 ===
diff --git a/tests/gold_tests/pluginTest/compress/compress.test.py b/tests/gold_tests/pluginTest/compress/compress.test.py
index 4359b64a5cd..181f3595d99 100644
--- a/tests/gold_tests/pluginTest/compress/compress.test.py
+++ b/tests/gold_tests/pluginTest/compress/compress.test.py
@@ -281,6 +281,31 @@ def get_verify_command(out_path, decrompressor):
 tr.ReturnCode = 0
 tr.Processes.Default.Command = get_verify_command(out_path, "gunzip -k -c")
 
+# Test Vary header: compressible content without Accept-Encoding should get Vary: Accept-Encoding
+tr = Test.AddTestRun('vary header test: no accept-encoding')
+tr.Processes.Default.ReturnCode = 0
+out_path = get_out_path()
+tr.MakeCurlCommand(
+    f"-o {out_path} --verbose --proxy http://127.0.0.1:{ts.Variables.port}"
+    f" --header 'X-Ats-Compress-Test: vary-no-accept-encoding'"
+    f" 'http://ae-0/obj0'"
+    " 2>> compress_vary.log",
+    ts=ts)
+
+# Test Vary header: compressible content with unsupported Accept-Encoding should get Vary: Accept-Encoding
+tr = Test.AddTestRun('vary header test: unsupported accept-encoding')
+tr.Processes.Default.ReturnCode = 0
+out_path = get_out_path()
+tr.MakeCurlCommand(curl(ts, 0, "compress, identity", out_path).replace("compress_long.log", "compress_vary.log"), ts=ts)
+
+# Verify Vary header is present in both cases
+tr = Test.AddTestRun('verify vary headers')
+tr.Processes.Default.ReturnCode = 0
+tr.Processes.Default.Command = (
+    r"tr -d '\r' < compress_vary.log | grep -i 'vary:.*accept-encoding' | sort > compress_vary_short.log")
+f = tr.Disk.File("compress_vary_short.log")
+f.Content = "compress_vary.gold"
+
 # compress_long.log contains all the output from the curl commands.  The tr removes the carriage returns for easier
 # readability.  Curl seems to have a bug, where it will neglect to output an end of line before outputting an HTTP
 # message header line.  The sed command is a work-around for this problem.  greplog.sh uses the grep command to
diff --git a/tests/gold_tests/pluginTest/compress/compress_userver.gold b/tests/gold_tests/pluginTest/compress/compress_userver.gold
index 693bd03905e..6c7a1e49f9f 100644
--- a/tests/gold_tests/pluginTest/compress/compress_userver.gold
+++ b/tests/gold_tests/pluginTest/compress/compress_userver.gold
@@ -36,5 +36,7 @@
 0/gzip;q=-0.1
 0/aaa, gzip;q=0.666, bbb
 0/ br ; q=0.666, bbb
-0/aaa, gzip;q=0.666 , 
+0/aaa, gzip;q=0.666 ,
 3/gzip
+vary-no-accept-encoding
+0/compress, identity
diff --git a/tests/gold_tests/pluginTest/compress/compress_vary.gold b/tests/gold_tests/pluginTest/compress/compress_vary.gold
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1ba5ad4743f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/gold_tests/pluginTest/compress/compress_vary.gold
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+< Vary: Accept-Encoding
+< Vary: Accept-Encoding