04_Defining_exceptions.md

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4.4 Defining Exceptions

User defined exceptions are defined by classes.

classNetworkError(Exception):
pass

Exceptions always inherit from Exception.

Usually they are empty classes. Use pass for the body.

You can also make a hierarchy of your exceptions.

classAuthenticationError(NetworkError):
passclassProtocolError(NetworkError):
pass

Exercises

Exercise 4.11: Defining a custom exception

It is often good practice for libraries to define their own exceptions.

This makes it easier to distinguish between Python exceptions raised in response to common programming errors versus exceptions intentionally raised by a library to a signal a specific usage problem.

Modify the create_formatter() function from the last exercise so that it raises a custom FormatError exception when the user provides a bad format name.

For example:

>>>fromtableformatimportcreate_formatter>>>formatter=create_formatter('xls')
Traceback (mostrecentcalllast):
File"<stdin>", line1, in<module>File"tableformat.py", line71, increate_formatterraiseFormatError('Unknown table format %s'%name)
FormatError: Unknowntableformatxls>>>

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