diff --git a/src/node/internal/crypto_cipher.ts b/src/node/internal/crypto_cipher.ts
index 4799d9a6c61..8b601efb156 100644
--- a/src/node/internal/crypto_cipher.ts
+++ b/src/node/internal/crypto_cipher.ts
@@ -209,11 +209,7 @@ Cipheriv.prototype.update = function (
   let ret: ArrayBuffer;
   if (typeof data === 'string') {
     if (inputEncoding === undefined) {
-      throw new ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE(
-        'inputEncoding',
-        inputEncoding,
-        'If inputEncoding is not provided then the data must be a Buffer'
-      );
+      inputEncoding = 'utf8';
     }
     ret = this[kHandle].update(Buffer.from(data, inputEncoding));
   } else if (isAnyArrayBuffer(data)) {
@@ -356,11 +352,7 @@ Decipheriv.prototype.update = function (
   let ret: ArrayBuffer;
   if (typeof data === 'string') {
     if (inputEncoding === undefined) {
-      throw new ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE(
-        'inputEncoding',
-        inputEncoding,
-        'If inputEncoding is not provided then the data must be a Buffer'
-      );
+      inputEncoding = 'utf8';
     }
     ret = this[kHandle].update(Buffer.from(data, inputEncoding));
   } else if (isAnyArrayBuffer(data)) {
diff --git a/src/node/internal/crypto_hash.ts b/src/node/internal/crypto_hash.ts
index e248a4296ea..e1389660f7a 100644
--- a/src/node/internal/crypto_hash.ts
+++ b/src/node/internal/crypto_hash.ts
@@ -277,9 +277,7 @@ Hmac.prototype.digest = function (
 ): Buffer | string {
   const state = this[kState];
   if (state[kFinalized]) {
-    return !outputEncoding || outputEncoding === 'buffer'
-      ? Buffer.from('')
-      : '';
+    throw new ERR_CRYPTO_HASH_FINALIZED();
   }
 
   // Explicit conversion for backward compatibility.
diff --git a/src/node/internal/internal_buffer.ts b/src/node/internal/internal_buffer.ts
index 5a67d712cba..fe872aadefe 100644
--- a/src/node/internal/internal_buffer.ts
+++ b/src/node/internal/internal_buffer.ts
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ function alloc(size: number, fill?: FillValue, encoding?: string): Buffer {
   if (Number.isNaN(size)) {
     throw new ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE.RangeError('size', size);
   }
-  if (size >= kMaxLength) {
+  if (size > kMaxLength) {
     throw new ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE('size', `0 to ${kMaxLength}`, size);
   }