diff --git a/packages/react-client/src/__tests__/ReactFlight-test.js b/packages/react-client/src/__tests__/ReactFlight-test.js
index 5bb9efea932b..5347c57425f8 100644
--- a/packages/react-client/src/__tests__/ReactFlight-test.js
+++ b/packages/react-client/src/__tests__/ReactFlight-test.js
@@ -92,17 +92,10 @@ describe('ReactFlight', () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
     // Mock performance.now for timing tests
     let time = 10;
-    const now = jest.fn().mockImplementation(() => {
+    jest.spyOn(performance, 'timeOrigin', 'get').mockReturnValue(time);
+    jest.spyOn(performance, 'now').mockImplementation(() => {
       return time++;
     });
-    Object.defineProperty(performance, 'timeOrigin', {
-      value: time,
-      configurable: true,
-    });
-    Object.defineProperty(performance, 'now', {
-      value: now,
-      configurable: true,
-    });
 
     jest.resetModules();
     jest.mock('react', () => require('react/react.react-server'));
diff --git a/packages/react-client/src/__tests__/ReactFlightDebugChannel-test.js b/packages/react-client/src/__tests__/ReactFlightDebugChannel-test.js
index 6d6916926147..58e68a7d865d 100644
--- a/packages/react-client/src/__tests__/ReactFlightDebugChannel-test.js
+++ b/packages/react-client/src/__tests__/ReactFlightDebugChannel-test.js
@@ -29,17 +29,10 @@ describe('ReactFlight', () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
     // Mock performance.now for timing tests
     let time = 10;
-    const now = jest.fn().mockImplementation(() => {
+    jest.spyOn(performance, 'timeOrigin', 'get').mockReturnValue(time);
+    jest.spyOn(performance, 'now').mockImplementation(() => {
       return time++;
     });
-    Object.defineProperty(performance, 'timeOrigin', {
-      value: time,
-      configurable: true,
-    });
-    Object.defineProperty(performance, 'now', {
-      value: now,
-      configurable: true,
-    });
 
     jest.resetModules();
     jest.mock('react', () => require('react/react.react-server'));
diff --git a/packages/react-dom-bindings/src/client/ReactFiberConfigDOM.js b/packages/react-dom-bindings/src/client/ReactFiberConfigDOM.js
index 00e8e6ad4f34..00d082fecff5 100644
--- a/packages/react-dom-bindings/src/client/ReactFiberConfigDOM.js
+++ b/packages/react-dom-bindings/src/client/ReactFiberConfigDOM.js
@@ -3152,7 +3152,7 @@ function normalizeListenerOptions(
   opts: ?EventListenerOptionsOrUseCapture,
 ): string {
   if (opts == null) {
-    return '0';
+    return 'c=0';
   }
 
   if (typeof opts === 'boolean') {
diff --git a/packages/react-dom/src/__tests__/ReactDOMFragmentRefs-test.js b/packages/react-dom/src/__tests__/ReactDOMFragmentRefs-test.js
index 60c86301e4a6..3611e973cb97 100644
--- a/packages/react-dom/src/__tests__/ReactDOMFragmentRefs-test.js
+++ b/packages/react-dom/src/__tests__/ReactDOMFragmentRefs-test.js
@@ -832,6 +832,47 @@ describe('FragmentRefs', () => {
         expect(logs).toEqual([]);
       });
 
+      // @gate enableFragmentRefs
+      it('matches listeners by their normalized capture flag', async () => {
+        const fragmentRef = React.createRef();
+        const childRef = React.createRef();
+        const root = ReactDOMClient.createRoot(container);
+        const logs = [];
+
+        function addedWithOmittedOptions() {
+          logs.push('addedWithOmittedOptions');
+        }
+
+        function addedWithCaptureFalse() {
+          logs.push('addedWithCaptureFalse');
+        }
+
+        await act(() => {
+          root.render(
+            <Fragment ref={fragmentRef}>
+              <div ref={childRef}>child</div>
+            </Fragment>,
+          );
+        });
+
+        fragmentRef.current.addEventListener('click', addedWithOmittedOptions);
+        fragmentRef.current.addEventListener('click', addedWithCaptureFalse, {
+          capture: false,
+        });
+
+        // Omitted options and an explicit capture: false are the same
+        // EventTarget listener identity, so each removal should match.
+        fragmentRef.current.removeEventListener(
+          'click',
+          addedWithOmittedOptions,
+          false,
+        );
+        fragmentRef.current.removeEventListener('click', addedWithCaptureFalse);
+
+        childRef.current.click();
+        expect(logs).toEqual([]);
+      });
+
       // @gate enableFragmentRefs
       it('adds and removes event listeners from children with multiple fragments', async () => {
         const fragmentRef = React.createRef();
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/__tests__/ReactOwnerStacks-test.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/__tests__/ReactOwnerStacks-test.js
index e7b0581d5f4a..4dc2f4ef0f22 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/__tests__/ReactOwnerStacks-test.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/__tests__/ReactOwnerStacks-test.js
@@ -27,17 +27,10 @@ describe('ReactOwnerStacks', () => {
       time += timeMS;
     };
 
-    const now = jest.fn().mockImplementation(() => {
+    jest.spyOn(performance, 'timeOrigin', 'get').mockReturnValue(time);
+    jest.spyOn(performance, 'now').mockImplementation(() => {
       return time++;
     });
-    Object.defineProperty(performance, 'timeOrigin', {
-      value: time,
-      configurable: true,
-    });
-    Object.defineProperty(performance, 'now', {
-      value: now,
-      configurable: true,
-    });
 
     jest.resetModules();
     React = require('react');
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/__tests__/ReactPerformanceTrack-test.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/__tests__/ReactPerformanceTrack-test.js
index cdc4f40f4a2b..77a8d66fb3d9 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/__tests__/ReactPerformanceTrack-test.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/__tests__/ReactPerformanceTrack-test.js
@@ -19,8 +19,9 @@ describe('ReactPerformanceTracks', () => {
 
   beforeEach(() => {
     performanceMeasureCalls.length = 0;
-    Object.defineProperty(performance, 'measure', {
-      value: jest.fn((measureName, reusableOptions) => {
+    jest
+      .spyOn(performance, 'measure')
+      .mockImplementation((measureName, reusableOptions) => {
         performanceMeasureCalls.push([
           measureName,
           {
@@ -28,9 +29,7 @@ describe('ReactPerformanceTracks', () => {
             ...reusableOptions,
           },
         ]);
-      }),
-      configurable: true,
-    });
+      });
     console.timeStamp = () => {};
     jest.spyOn(console, 'timeStamp').mockImplementation(() => {});
 
diff --git a/packages/react-server-dom-webpack/src/__tests__/ReactFlightDOMEdge-test.js b/packages/react-server-dom-webpack/src/__tests__/ReactFlightDOMEdge-test.js
index 2e846579db36..39aba780e453 100644
--- a/packages/react-server-dom-webpack/src/__tests__/ReactFlightDOMEdge-test.js
+++ b/packages/react-server-dom-webpack/src/__tests__/ReactFlightDOMEdge-test.js
@@ -47,17 +47,10 @@ describe('ReactFlightDOMEdge', () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
     // Mock performance.now for timing tests
     let time = 10;
-    const now = jest.fn().mockImplementation(() => {
+    jest.spyOn(performance, 'timeOrigin', 'get').mockReturnValue(time);
+    jest.spyOn(performance, 'now').mockImplementation(() => {
       return time++;
     });
-    Object.defineProperty(performance, 'timeOrigin', {
-      value: time,
-      configurable: true,
-    });
-    Object.defineProperty(performance, 'now', {
-      value: now,
-      configurable: true,
-    });
 
     jest.resetModules();
 
diff --git a/packages/react-server/src/__tests__/ReactFlightServer-test.js b/packages/react-server/src/__tests__/ReactFlightServer-test.js
index 17480985db5b..b17185b6ef1f 100644
--- a/packages/react-server/src/__tests__/ReactFlightServer-test.js
+++ b/packages/react-server/src/__tests__/ReactFlightServer-test.js
@@ -46,17 +46,10 @@ describe('ReactFlight', () => {
       time += timeMS;
       jest.advanceTimersByTime(timeMS);
     };
-    const now = jest.fn().mockImplementation(() => {
+    jest.spyOn(performance, 'timeOrigin', 'get').mockReturnValue(time);
+    jest.spyOn(performance, 'now').mockImplementation(() => {
       return time++;
     });
-    Object.defineProperty(performance, 'timeOrigin', {
-      value: time,
-      configurable: true,
-    });
-    Object.defineProperty(performance, 'now', {
-      value: now,
-      configurable: true,
-    });
 
     jest.resetModules();
     jest.mock('react', () => require('react/react.react-server'));