SQLBakVersion/SQLVersion.cs at main · hsayed21/SQLBakVersion · GitHub

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usingSystem;
usingSystem.Collections.Generic;
usingSystem.IO;

namespaceSQLBakVersion.Class
{
/// <summary>
/// Main class for SQL Server version detection from BAK files
/// </summary>
publicclassSQLVersion
{
privateconstintTapeHeaderStart=0x45504154;// "TAPE" in little endian
privateconstintMsciMarker=0x4943534D;// "MSCI" in little endian

privatestaticreadonlyDictionary<int,string>VersionMap=newDictionary<int,string>
{
// SQL Server 2005
{611,"SQL Server 2005"},
{612,"SQL Server 2005"},

// SQL Server 2008/R2
{655,"SQL Server 2008"},
{660,"SQL Server 2008"},
{661,"SQL Server 2008"},

// SQL Server 2012
{684,"SQL Server 2012"},
{706,"SQL Server 2012"},

// SQL Server 2014
{782,"SQL Server 2014"},

// SQL Server 2016
{852,"SQL Server 2016"},

// SQL Server 2017
{868,"SQL Server 2017"},
{869,"SQL Server 2017"},

// SQL Server 2019
{895,"SQL Server 2019"},
{896,"SQL Server 2019"},
{897,"SQL Server 2019"},
{902,"SQL Server 2019"},
{904,"SQL Server 2019"},

// SQL Server 2022
{950,"SQL Server 2022"},
{957,"SQL Server 2022"}
};

/// <summary>
/// Get SQL Server version from a BAK file
/// </summary>
/// <param name="filePath">Path to the .bak file</param>
/// <returns>SQL Server version or error message</returns>
publicstringGetVersion(stringfilePath)
{
if(string.Equals(Path.GetExtension(filePath),".mdf",StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
{
returnGetMdfVersion(filePath);
}

try
{
using(FileStreamfs=newFileStream(filePath,FileMode.Open,FileAccess.Read))
{
// Step 1: Validate the BAK file header
if(!ValidateTapeHeader(fs))
{
return"Not a valid SQL Server backup file";
}

// Step 2: Find the version marker
if(!FindVersionMarker(fs))
{
return"SQL version information not found";
}

// Step 3: Read the version number
returnDetermineVersion(fs);
}
}
catch(IOExceptionex)
{
return$"Cannot access file: {ex.Message}";
}
catch(Exceptionex)
{
return$"Error: {ex.Message}";
}
}

/// <summary>
/// Gets the SQL Server version recorded in an MDF boot page.
/// </summary>
privatestringGetMdfVersion(stringfilePath)
{
MdfVersionversion=MdfVersionDetector.Detect(filePath);

if(!version.InternalVersion.HasValue)
{
returnstring.IsNullOrEmpty(version.FailureReason)
?"SQL version information not found"
:version.FailureReason;
}

returnversion.Year.HasValue
?string.Format("SQL Server {0}",version.Year.Value)
:string.Format("Unknown SQL Server version (code: {0})",version.InternalVersion.Value);
}

/// <summary>
/// Validates if the file has a valid SQL BAK header
/// </summary>
privateboolValidateTapeHeader(FileStreamfs)
{
byte[]headerBytes=newbyte[4];
if(fs.Read(headerBytes,0,4)!=4)
returnfalse;

returnBitConverter.ToInt32(headerBytes,0)==TapeHeaderStart;
}

/// <summary>
/// Finds the MSCI marker that precedes version info
/// </summary>
privateboolFindVersionMarker(FileStreamfs)
{
byte[]markerBytes=newbyte[4];
while(fs.Read(markerBytes,0,4)==4)
{
if(BitConverter.ToInt32(markerBytes,0)==MsciMarker)
{
returntrue;
}
}
returnfalse;
}

/// <summary>
/// Reads and interprets the SQL Server version number
/// </summary>
privatestringDetermineVersion(FileStreamfs)
{
byte[]versionBytes=newbyte[2];
fs.Seek(168,SeekOrigin.Current);
fs.Read(versionBytes,0,2);
intdbVersion=BitConverter.ToInt16(versionBytes,0);

returnVersionMap.TryGetValue(dbVersion,outstringversion)?version:$"Unknown SQL Server version (code: {dbVersion})";
}
}
}