dir.c

/**********************************************************************

 dir.c -

 $Author$
 created at: Wed Jan 5 09:51:01 JST 1994

 Copyright (C) 1993-2007 Yukihiro Matsumoto
 Copyright (C) 2000 Network Applied Communication Laboratory, Inc.
 Copyright (C) 2000 Information-technology Promotion Agency, Japan

**********************************************************************/

#include "ruby/ruby.h"
#include "ruby/encoding.h"
#include "internal.h"

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>

#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
#include <unistd.h>
#endif

#if defined HAVE_DIRENT_H && !defined _WIN32
# include <dirent.h>
# define NAMLEN(dirent) strlen((dirent)->d_name)
#elif defined HAVE_DIRECT_H && !defined _WIN32
# include <direct.h>
# define NAMLEN(dirent) strlen((dirent)->d_name)
#else
# define dirent direct
# define NAMLEN(dirent) (dirent)->d_namlen
# if HAVE_SYS_NDIR_H
# include <sys/ndir.h>
# endif
# if HAVE_SYS_DIR_H
# include <sys/dir.h>
# endif
# if HAVE_NDIR_H
# include <ndir.h>
# endif
# ifdef _WIN32
# include "win32/dir.h"
# endif
#endif
#if defined(__native_client__) && defined(NACL_NEWLIB)
# include "nacl/dirent.h"
# include "nacl/stat.h"
#endif

#include <errno.h>

#ifndef HAVE_STDLIB_H
char *getenv();
#endif

#ifndef HAVE_STRING_H
char *strchr(char*,char);
#endif

#include <ctype.h>

#include "ruby/util.h"

/* define system APIs */
#ifdef _WIN32
#undef chdir
#define chdir(p) rb_w32_uchdir(p)
#undef mkdir
#define mkdir(p, m) rb_w32_umkdir((p), (m))
#undef rmdir
#define rmdir(p) rb_w32_urmdir(p)
#undef opendir
#define opendir(p) rb_w32_uopendir(p)
#endif

#ifdef __APPLE__
# define HAVE_HFS 1
#else
# define HAVE_HFS 0
#endif
#if HAVE_HFS
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/mount.h>

static inline int
is_hfs(DIR *dirp)
{
 struct statfs buf;
 if (fstatfs(dirfd(dirp), &buf) == 0) {
	return buf.f_type == 17; /* HFS on darwin */
 }
 return FALSE;
}

static inline int
has_nonascii(const char *ptr, size_t len)
{
 while (len > 0) {
	if (!ISASCII(*ptr)) return 1;
	ptr++;
	--len;
 }
 return 0;
}

# define IF_HAVE_HFS(something) something
#else
# define IF_HAVE_HFS(something) /* nothing */
#endif

#define FNM_NOESCAPE	0x01
#define FNM_PATHNAME	0x02
#define FNM_DOTMATCH	0x04
#define FNM_CASEFOLD	0x08
#define FNM_EXTGLOB	0x10
#if CASEFOLD_FILESYSTEM
#define FNM_SYSCASE	FNM_CASEFOLD
#else
#define FNM_SYSCASE	0
#endif

#define FNM_NOMATCH	1
#define FNM_ERROR	2

# define Next(p, e, enc) ((p)+ rb_enc_mbclen((p), (e), (enc)))
# define Inc(p, e, enc) ((p) = Next((p), (e), (enc)))

static char *
bracket(
 const char *p, /* pattern (next to '[') */
 const char *pend,
 const char *s, /* string */
 const char *send,
 int flags,
 rb_encoding *enc)
{
 const int nocase = flags & FNM_CASEFOLD;
 const int escape = !(flags & FNM_NOESCAPE);
 unsigned int c1, c2;
 int r;
 int ok = 0, not = 0;

 if (p >= pend) return NULL;
 if (*p == '!' || *p == '^') {
	not = 1;
	p++;
 }

 while (*p != ']') {
	const char *t1 = p;
	if (escape && *t1 == '\\')
	 t1++;
	if (!*t1)
	 return NULL;
	p = t1 + (r = rb_enc_mbclen(t1, pend, enc));
	if (p >= pend) return NULL;
	if (p[0] == '-' && p[1] != ']') {
	 const char *t2 = p + 1;
	 int r2;
	 if (escape && *t2 == '\\')
		t2++;
	 if (!*t2)
		return NULL;
	 p = t2 + (r2 = rb_enc_mbclen(t2, pend, enc));
	 if (ok) continue;
	 if ((r <= (send-s) && memcmp(t1, s, r) == 0) ||
		(r2 <= (send-s) && memcmp(t2, s, r2) == 0)) {
		ok = 1;
		continue;
	 }
	 c1 = rb_enc_codepoint(s, send, enc);
	 if (nocase) c1 = rb_enc_toupper(c1, enc);
	 c2 = rb_enc_codepoint(t1, pend, enc);
	 if (nocase) c2 = rb_enc_toupper(c2, enc);
	 if (c1 < c2) continue;
	 c2 = rb_enc_codepoint(t2, pend, enc);
	 if (nocase) c2 = rb_enc_toupper(c2, enc);
	 if (c1 > c2) continue;
	}
	else {
	 if (ok) continue;
	 if (r <= (send-s) && memcmp(t1, s, r) == 0) {
		ok = 1;
		continue;
	 }
	 if (!nocase) continue;
	 c1 = rb_enc_toupper(rb_enc_codepoint(s, send, enc), enc);
	 c2 = rb_enc_toupper(rb_enc_codepoint(p, pend, enc), enc);
	 if (c1 != c2) continue;
	}
	ok = 1;
 }

 return ok == not ? NULL : (char *)p + 1;
}

/* If FNM_PATHNAME is set, only path element will be matched. (upto '/' or '\0')
 Otherwise, entire string will be matched.
 End marker itself won't be compared.
 And if function succeeds, *pcur reaches end marker.
*/
#define UNESCAPE(p) (escape && *(p) == '\\' ? (p) + 1 : (p))
#define ISEND(p) (!*(p) || (pathname && *(p) == '/'))
#define RETURN(val) return *pcur = p, *scur = s, (val);

static int
fnmatch_helper(
 const char **pcur, /* pattern */
 const char **scur, /* string */
 int flags,
 rb_encoding *enc)
{
 const int period = !(flags & FNM_DOTMATCH);
 const int pathname = flags & FNM_PATHNAME;
 const int escape = !(flags & FNM_NOESCAPE);
 const int nocase = flags & FNM_CASEFOLD;

 const char *ptmp = 0;
 const char *stmp = 0;

 const char *p = *pcur;
 const char *pend = p + strlen(p);
 const char *s = *scur;
 const char *send = s + strlen(s);

 int r;

 if (period && *s == '.' && *UNESCAPE(p) != '.') /* leading period */
	RETURN(FNM_NOMATCH);

 while (1) {
	switch (*p) {
	 case '*':
	 do { p++; } while (*p == '*');
	 if (ISEND(UNESCAPE(p))) {
		p = UNESCAPE(p);
		RETURN(0);
	 }
	 if (ISEND(s))
		RETURN(FNM_NOMATCH);
	 ptmp = p;
	 stmp = s;
	 continue;

	 case '?':
	 if (ISEND(s))
		RETURN(FNM_NOMATCH);
	 p++;
	 Inc(s, send, enc);
	 continue;

	 case '[': {
	 const char *t;
	 if (ISEND(s))
		RETURN(FNM_NOMATCH);
	 if ((t = bracket(p + 1, pend, s, send, flags, enc)) != 0) {
		p = t;
		Inc(s, send, enc);
		continue;
	 }
	 goto failed;
	 }
	}

	/* ordinary */
	p = UNESCAPE(p);
	if (ISEND(s))
	 RETURN(ISEND(p) ? 0 : FNM_NOMATCH);
	if (ISEND(p))
	 goto failed;
	r = rb_enc_precise_mbclen(p, pend, enc);
	if (!MBCLEN_CHARFOUND_P(r))
	 goto failed;
	if (r <= (send-s) && memcmp(p, s, r) == 0) {
	 p += r;
	 s += r;
	 continue;
	}
	if (!nocase) goto failed;
	if (rb_enc_toupper(rb_enc_codepoint(p, pend, enc), enc) !=
	 rb_enc_toupper(rb_enc_codepoint(s, send, enc), enc))
	 goto failed;
	p += r;
	Inc(s, send, enc);
	continue;

 failed: /* try next '*' position */
	if (ptmp && stmp) {
	 p = ptmp;
	 Inc(stmp, send, enc); /* !ISEND(*stmp) */
	 s = stmp;
	 continue;
	}
	RETURN(FNM_NOMATCH);
 }
}

static int
fnmatch(
 const char *pattern,
 rb_encoding *enc,
 const char *string,
 int flags)
{
 const char *p = pattern;
 const char *s = string;
 const char *send = s + strlen(string);
 const int period = !(flags & FNM_DOTMATCH);
 const int pathname = flags & FNM_PATHNAME;

 const char *ptmp = 0;
 const char *stmp = 0;

 if (pathname) {
	while (1) {
	 if (p[0] == '*' && p[1] == '*' && p[2] == '/') {
		do { p += 3; } while (p[0] == '*' && p[1] == '*' && p[2] == '/');
		ptmp = p;
		stmp = s;
	 }
	 if (fnmatch_helper(&p, &s, flags, enc) == 0) {
		while (*s && *s != '/') Inc(s, send, enc);
		if (*p && *s) {
		 p++;
		 s++;
		 continue;
		}
		if (!*p && !*s)
		 return 0;
	 }
	 /* failed : try next recursion */
	 if (ptmp && stmp && !(period && *stmp == '.')) {
		while (*stmp && *stmp != '/') Inc(stmp, send, enc);
		if (*stmp) {
		 p = ptmp;
		 stmp++;
		 s = stmp;
		 continue;
		}
	 }
	 return FNM_NOMATCH;
	}
 }
 else
	return fnmatch_helper(&p, &s, flags, enc);
}

VALUE rb_cDir;

struct dir_data {
 DIR *dir;
 VALUE path;
 rb_encoding *enc;
};

static void
dir_mark(void *ptr)
{
 struct dir_data *dir = ptr;
 rb_gc_mark(dir->path);
}

static void
dir_free(void *ptr)
{
 struct dir_data *dir = ptr;
 if (dir) {
	if (dir->dir) closedir(dir->dir);
 }
 xfree(dir);
}

static size_t
dir_memsize(const void *ptr)
{
 return ptr ? sizeof(struct dir_data) : 0;
}

static const rb_data_type_t dir_data_type = {
 "dir",
 {dir_mark, dir_free, dir_memsize,},
 NULL, NULL, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
};

static VALUE dir_close(VALUE);

#define GlobPathValue(str, safe) \
 /* can contain null bytes as separators */	\
 (!RB_TYPE_P((str), T_STRING) ?		\
 (void)FilePathValue(str) :			\
 (void)(check_safe_glob((str), (safe)),		\
 check_glob_encoding(str), (str)))
#define check_safe_glob(str, safe) ((safe) ? rb_check_safe_obj(str) : (void)0)
#define check_glob_encoding(str) rb_enc_check((str), rb_enc_from_encoding(rb_usascii_encoding()))

static VALUE
dir_s_alloc(VALUE klass)
{
 struct dir_data *dirp;
 VALUE obj = TypedData_Make_Struct(klass, struct dir_data, &dir_data_type, dirp);

 dirp->dir = NULL;
 dirp->path = Qnil;
 dirp->enc = NULL;

 return obj;
}

/*
 * call-seq:
 * Dir.new( string ) -> aDir
 * Dir.new( string, encoding: enc ) -> aDir
 *
 * Returns a new directory object for the named directory.
 *
 * The optional <i>enc</i> argument specifies the encoding of the directory.
 * If not specified, the filesystem encoding is used.
 */
static VALUE
dir_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE dir)
{
 struct dir_data *dp;
 rb_encoding *fsenc;
 VALUE dirname, opt, orig;
 static ID keyword_ids[1];

 if (!keyword_ids[0]) {
	keyword_ids[0] = rb_intern("encoding");
 }

 fsenc = rb_filesystem_encoding();

 rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1:", &dirname, &opt);

 if (!NIL_P(opt)) {
	VALUE enc;
	rb_get_kwargs(opt, keyword_ids, 0, 1, &enc);
	if (enc != Qundef && !NIL_P(enc)) {
	 fsenc = rb_to_encoding(enc);
	}
 }

 GlobPathValue(dirname, FALSE);
 orig = rb_str_dup_frozen(dirname);
 dirname = rb_str_encode_ospath(dirname);
 dirname = rb_str_dup_frozen(dirname);

 TypedData_Get_Struct(dir, struct dir_data, &dir_data_type, dp);
 if (dp->dir) closedir(dp->dir);
 dp->dir = NULL;
 dp->path = Qnil;
 dp->enc = fsenc;
 dp->dir = opendir(RSTRING_PTR(dirname));
 if (dp->dir == NULL) {
	if (errno == EMFILE || errno == ENFILE) {
	 rb_gc();
	 dp->dir = opendir(RSTRING_PTR(dirname));
	}
	if (dp->dir == NULL) {
	 rb_sys_fail_path(orig);
	}
 }
 dp->path = orig;

 return dir;
}

/*
 * call-seq:
 * Dir.open( string ) -> aDir
 * Dir.open( string, encoding: enc ) -> aDir
 * Dir.open( string ) {| aDir | block } -> anObject
 * Dir.open( string, encoding: enc ) {| aDir | block } -> anObject
 *
 * The optional <i>enc</i> argument specifies the encoding of the directory.
 * If not specified, the filesystem encoding is used.
 *
 * With no block, <code>open</code> is a synonym for
 * <code>Dir::new</code>. If a block is present, it is passed
 * <i>aDir</i> as a parameter. The directory is closed at the end of
 * the block, and <code>Dir::open</code> returns the value of the
 * block.
 */
static VALUE
dir_s_open(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
{
 struct dir_data *dp;
 VALUE dir = TypedData_Make_Struct(klass, struct dir_data, &dir_data_type, dp);

 dir_initialize(argc, argv, dir);
 if (rb_block_given_p()) {
	return rb_ensure(rb_yield, dir, dir_close, dir);
 }

 return dir;
}

static void
dir_closed(void)
{
 rb_raise(rb_eIOError, "closed directory");
}

static struct dir_data *
dir_check(VALUE dir)
{
 struct dir_data *dirp;
 rb_check_frozen(dir);
 dirp = rb_check_typeddata(dir, &dir_data_type);
 if (!dirp->dir) dir_closed();
 return dirp;
}

#define GetDIR(obj, dirp) ((dirp) = dir_check(obj))


/*
 * call-seq:
 * dir.inspect -> string
 *
 * Return a string describing this Dir object.
 */
static VALUE
dir_inspect(VALUE dir)
{
 struct dir_data *dirp;

 TypedData_Get_Struct(dir, struct dir_data, &dir_data_type, dirp);
 if (!NIL_P(dirp->path)) {
	VALUE str = rb_str_new_cstr("#<");
	rb_str_append(str, rb_class_name(CLASS_OF(dir)));
	rb_str_cat2(str, ":");
	rb_str_append(str, dirp->path);
	rb_str_cat2(str, ">");
	return str;
 }
 return rb_funcall(dir, rb_intern("to_s"), 0, 0);
}

/*
 * call-seq:
 * dir.path -> string or nil
 * dir.to_path -> string or nil
 *
 * Returns the path parameter passed to <em>dir</em>'s constructor.
 *
 * d = Dir.new("..")
 * d.path #=> ".."
 */
static VALUE
dir_path(VALUE dir)
{
 struct dir_data *dirp;

 TypedData_Get_Struct(dir, struct dir_data, &dir_data_type, dirp);
 if (NIL_P(dirp->path)) return Qnil;
 return rb_str_dup(dirp->path);
}

#if defined _WIN32
# define READDIR(dir, enc) rb_w32_readdir((dir), (enc))
#else
# define READDIR(dir, enc) readdir((dir))
#endif

/*
 * call-seq:
 * dir.read -> string or nil
 *
 * Reads the next entry from <em>dir</em> and returns it as a string.
 * Returns <code>nil</code> at the end of the stream.
 *
 * d = Dir.new("testdir")
 * d.read #=> "."
 * d.read #=> ".."
 * d.read #=> "config.h"
 */
static VALUE
dir_read(VALUE dir)
{
 struct dir_data *dirp;
 struct dirent *dp;

 GetDIR(dir, dirp);
 errno = 0;
 if ((dp = READDIR(dirp->dir, dirp->enc)) != NULL) {
	return rb_external_str_new_with_enc(dp->d_name, NAMLEN(dp), dirp->enc);
 }
 else {
	if (errno != 0) rb_sys_fail(0);
	return Qnil;		/* end of stream */
 }
}

/*
 * call-seq:
 * dir.each { |filename| block } -> dir
 * dir.each -> an_enumerator
 *
 * Calls the block once for each entry in this directory, passing the
 * filename of each entry as a parameter to the block.
 *
 * If no block is given, an enumerator is returned instead.
 *
 * d = Dir.new("testdir")
 * d.each {|x| puts "Got #{x}" }
 *
 * <em>produces:</em>
 *
 * Got .
 * Got ..
 * Got config.h
 * Got main.rb
 */
static VALUE
dir_each(VALUE dir)
{
 struct dir_data *dirp;
 struct dirent *dp;
 IF_HAVE_HFS(int hfs_p);

 RETURN_ENUMERATOR(dir, 0, 0);
 GetDIR(dir, dirp);
 rewinddir(dirp->dir);
 IF_HAVE_HFS(hfs_p = is_hfs(dirp->dir));
 while ((dp = READDIR(dirp->dir, dirp->enc)) != NULL) {
	const char *name = dp->d_name;
	size_t namlen = NAMLEN(dp);
	VALUE path;
#if HAVE_HFS
	if (hfs_p && has_nonascii(name, namlen) &&
	 !NIL_P(path = rb_str_normalize_ospath(name, namlen))) {
	 path = rb_external_str_with_enc(path, dirp->enc);
	}
	else
#endif
	path = rb_external_str_new_with_enc(name, namlen, dirp->enc);
	rb_yield(path);
	if (dirp->dir == NULL) dir_closed();
 }
 return dir;
}

#ifdef HAVE_TELLDIR
/*
 * call-seq:
 * dir.pos -> integer
 * dir.tell -> integer
 *
 * Returns the current position in <em>dir</em>. See also
 * <code>Dir#seek</code>.
 *
 * d = Dir.new("testdir")
 * d.tell #=> 0
 * d.read #=> "."
 * d.tell #=> 12
 */
static VALUE
dir_tell(VALUE dir)
{
 struct dir_data *dirp;
 long pos;

 GetDIR(dir, dirp);
 pos = telldir(dirp->dir);
 return rb_int2inum(pos);
}
#else
#define dir_tell rb_f_notimplement
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_SEEKDIR
/*
 * call-seq:
 * dir.seek( integer ) -> dir
 *
 * Seeks to a particular location in <em>dir</em>. <i>integer</i>
 * must be a value returned by <code>Dir#tell</code>.
 *
 * d = Dir.new("testdir") #=> #<Dir:0x401b3c40>
 * d.read #=> "."
 * i = d.tell #=> 12
 * d.read #=> ".."
 * d.seek(i) #=> #<Dir:0x401b3c40>
 * d.read #=> ".."
 */
static VALUE
dir_seek(VALUE dir, VALUE pos)
{
 struct dir_data *dirp;
 long p = NUM2LONG(pos);

 GetDIR(dir, dirp);
 seekdir(dirp->dir, p);
 return dir;
}
#else
#define dir_seek rb_f_notimplement
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_SEEKDIR
/*
 * call-seq:
 * dir.pos = integer -> integer
 *
 * Synonym for <code>Dir#seek</code>, but returns the position
 * parameter.
 *
 * d = Dir.new("testdir") #=> #<Dir:0x401b3c40>
 * d.read #=> "."
 * i = d.pos #=> 12
 * d.read #=> ".."
 * d.pos = i #=> 12
 * d.read #=> ".."
 */
static VALUE
dir_set_pos(VALUE dir, VALUE pos)
{
 dir_seek(dir, pos);
 return pos;
}
#else
#define dir_set_pos rb_f_notimplement
#endif

/*
 * call-seq:
 * dir.rewind -> dir
 *
 * Repositions <em>dir</em> to the first entry.
 *
 * d = Dir.new("testdir")
 * d.read #=> "."
 * d.rewind #=> #<Dir:0x401b3fb0>
 * d.read #=> "."
 */
static VALUE
dir_rewind(VALUE dir)
{
 struct dir_data *dirp;

 GetDIR(dir, dirp);
 rewinddir(dirp->dir);
 return dir;
}

/*
 * call-seq:
 * dir.close -> nil
 *
 * Closes the directory stream. Any further attempts to access
 * <em>dir</em> will raise an <code>IOError</code>.
 *
 * d = Dir.new("testdir")
 * d.close #=> nil
 */
static VALUE
dir_close(VALUE dir)
{
 struct dir_data *dirp;

 GetDIR(dir, dirp);
 closedir(dirp->dir);
 dirp->dir = NULL;

 return Qnil;
}

static void
dir_chdir(VALUE path)
{
 if (chdir(RSTRING_PTR(path)) < 0)
	rb_sys_fail_path(path);
}

static int chdir_blocking = 0;
static VALUE chdir_thread = Qnil;

struct chdir_data {
 VALUE old_path, new_path;
 int done;
};

static VALUE
chdir_yield(struct chdir_data *args)
{
 dir_chdir(args->new_path);
 args->done = TRUE;
 chdir_blocking++;
 if (chdir_thread == Qnil)
	chdir_thread = rb_thread_current();
 return rb_yield(args->new_path);
}

static VALUE
chdir_restore(struct chdir_data *args)
{
 if (args->done) {
	chdir_blocking--;
	if (chdir_blocking == 0)
	 chdir_thread = Qnil;
	dir_chdir(args->old_path);
 }
 return Qnil;
}

/*
 * call-seq:
 * Dir.chdir( [ string] ) -> 0
 * Dir.chdir( [ string] ) {| path | block } -> anObject
 *
 * Changes the current working directory of the process to the given
 * string. When called without an argument, changes the directory to
 * the value of the environment variable <code>HOME</code>, or
 * <code>LOGDIR</code>. <code>SystemCallError</code> (probably
 * <code>Errno::ENOENT</code>) if the target directory does not exist.
 *
 * If a block is given, it is passed the name of the new current
 * directory, and the block is executed with that as the current
 * directory. The original working directory is restored when the block
 * exits. The return value of <code>chdir</code> is the value of the
 * block. <code>chdir</code> blocks can be nested, but in a
 * multi-threaded program an error will be raised if a thread attempts
 * to open a <code>chdir</code> block while another thread has one
 * open.
 *
 * Dir.chdir("/var/spool/mail")
 * puts Dir.pwd
 * Dir.chdir("/tmp") do
 * puts Dir.pwd
 * Dir.chdir("/usr") do
 * puts Dir.pwd
 * end
 * puts Dir.pwd
 * end
 * puts Dir.pwd
 *
 * <em>produces:</em>
 *
 * /var/spool/mail
 * /tmp
 * /usr
 * /tmp
 * /var/spool/mail
 */
static VALUE
dir_s_chdir(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
{
 VALUE path = Qnil;

 rb_secure(2);
 if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &path) == 1) {
	FilePathValue(path);
	path = rb_str_encode_ospath(path);
 }
 else {
	const char *dist = getenv("HOME");
	if (!dist) {
	 dist = getenv("LOGDIR");
	 if (!dist) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "HOME/LOGDIR not set");
	}
	path = rb_str_new2(dist);
 }

 if (chdir_blocking > 0) {
	if (!rb_block_given_p() || rb_thread_current() != chdir_thread)
	 rb_warn("conflicting chdir during another chdir block");
 }

 if (rb_block_given_p()) {
	struct chdir_data args;

	args.old_path = rb_str_encode_ospath(rb_dir_getwd());
	args.new_path = path;
	args.done = FALSE;
	return rb_ensure(chdir_yield, (VALUE)&args, chdir_restore, (VALUE)&args);
 }
 dir_chdir(path);

 return INT2FIX(0);
}

VALUE
rb_dir_getwd(void)
{
 char *path;
 VALUE cwd;

 path = my_getcwd();
 cwd = rb_tainted_str_new2(path);
 rb_enc_associate(cwd, rb_filesystem_encoding());

 xfree(path);
 return cwd;
}

/*
 * call-seq:
 * Dir.getwd -> string
 * Dir.pwd -> string
 *
 * Returns the path to the current working directory of this process as
 * a string.
 *
 * Dir.chdir("/tmp") #=> 0
 * Dir.getwd #=> "/tmp"
 * Dir.pwd #=> "/tmp"
 */
static VALUE
dir_s_getwd(VALUE dir)
{
 return rb_dir_getwd();
}

static void
check_dirname(volatile VALUE *dir)
{
 VALUE d = *dir;
 char *path, *pend;
 long len;
 rb_encoding *enc;

 rb_secure(2);
 FilePathValue(d);
 enc = rb_enc_get(d);
 RSTRING_GETMEM(d, path, len);
 pend = path + len;
 pend = rb_enc_path_end(rb_enc_path_skip_prefix(path, pend, enc), pend, enc);
 if (pend - path < len) {
	d = rb_str_subseq(d, 0, pend - path);
 }
 *dir = rb_str_encode_ospath(d);
}

#if defined(HAVE_CHROOT)
/*
 * call-seq:
 * Dir.chroot( string ) -> 0
 *
 * Changes this process's idea of the file system root. Only a
 * privileged process may make this call. Not available on all
 * platforms. On Unix systems, see <code>chroot(2)</code> for more
 * information.
 */
static VALUE
dir_s_chroot(VALUE dir, VALUE path)
{
 check_dirname(&path);
 if (chroot(RSTRING_PTR(path)) == -1)
	rb_sys_fail_path(path);

 return INT2FIX(0);
}
#else
#define dir_s_chroot rb_f_notimplement
#endif

/*
 * call-seq:
 * Dir.mkdir( string [, integer] ) -> 0
 *
 * Makes a new directory named by <i>string</i>, with permissions
 * specified by the optional parameter <i>anInteger</i>. The
 * permissions may be modified by the value of
 * <code>File::umask</code>, and are ignored on NT. Raises a
 * <code>SystemCallError</code> if the directory cannot be created. See
 * also the discussion of permissions in the class documentation for
 * <code>File</code>.
 *
 * Dir.mkdir(File.join(Dir.home, ".foo"), 0700) #=> 0
 *
 */
static VALUE
dir_s_mkdir(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
{
 VALUE path, vmode;
 int mode;

 if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &path, &vmode) == 2) {
	mode = NUM2INT(vmode);
 }
 else {
	mode = 0777;
 }

 check_dirname(&path);
 if (mkdir(RSTRING_PTR(path), mode) == -1)
	rb_sys_fail_path(path);

 return INT2FIX(0);
}

/*
 * call-seq:
 * Dir.delete( string ) -> 0
 * Dir.rmdir( string ) -> 0
 * Dir.unlink( string ) -> 0
 *
 * Deletes the named directory. Raises a subclass of
 * <code>SystemCallError</code> if the directory isn't empty.
 */
static VALUE
dir_s_rmdir(VALUE obj, VALUE dir)
{
 check_dirname(&dir);
 if (rmdir(RSTRING_PTR(dir)) < 0)
	rb_sys_fail_path(dir);

 return INT2FIX(0);
}

static VALUE
sys_warning_1(VALUE mesg)
{
 rb_sys_warning("%s:%s", strerror(errno), (const char *)mesg);
 return Qnil;
}

#define GLOB_VERBOSE	(1U << (sizeof(int) * CHAR_BIT - 1))
#define sys_warning(val) \
 (void)((flags & GLOB_VERBOSE) && rb_protect(sys_warning_1, (VALUE)(val), 0))

#define GLOB_ALLOC(type) ((type *)malloc(sizeof(type)))
#define GLOB_ALLOC_N(type, n) ((type *)malloc(sizeof(type) * (n)))
#define GLOB_FREE(ptr) free(ptr)
#define GLOB_JUMP_TAG(status) (((status) == -1) ? rb_memerror() : rb_jump_tag(status))

/*
 * ENOTDIR can be returned by stat(2) if a non-leaf element of the path
 * is not a directory.
 */
#define to_be_ignored(e) ((e) == ENOENT || (e) == ENOTDIR)

#ifdef _WIN32
#define STAT(p, s)	rb_w32_ustati64((p), (s))
#else
#define STAT(p, s)	stat((p), (s))
#endif

/* System call with warning */
static int
do_stat(const char *path, struct stat *pst, int flags)

{
 int ret = STAT(path, pst);
 if (ret < 0 && !to_be_ignored(errno))
	sys_warning(path);

 return ret;
}

#if defined HAVE_LSTAT || defined lstat
static int
do_lstat(const char *path, struct stat *pst, int flags)
{
 int ret = lstat(path, pst);
 if (ret < 0 && !to_be_ignored(errno))
	sys_warning(path);

 return ret;
}
#else
#define do_lstat do_stat
#endif

static DIR *
do_opendir(const char *path, int flags, rb_encoding *enc)
{
 DIR *dirp;
#ifdef _WIN32
 volatile VALUE tmp;
 if (enc != rb_usascii_encoding() &&
	enc != rb_ascii8bit_encoding() &&
	enc != rb_utf8_encoding()) {
	tmp = rb_enc_str_new(path, strlen(path), enc);
	tmp = rb_str_encode_ospath(tmp);
	path = RSTRING_PTR(tmp);
 }
#endif
 dirp = opendir(path);
 if (dirp == NULL && !to_be_ignored(errno))
	sys_warning(path);

 return dirp;
}

/* Globing pattern */
enum glob_pattern_type { PLAIN, ALPHA, MAGICAL, RECURSIVE, MATCH_ALL, MATCH_DIR };

/* Return nonzero if S has any special globbing chars in it. */
static enum glob_pattern_type
has_magic(const char *p, const char *pend, int flags, rb_encoding *enc)
{
 const int escape = !(flags & FNM_NOESCAPE);
 int hasalpha = 0;

 register char c;

 while (p < pend && (c = *p++) != 0) {
	switch (c) {
	 case '*':
	 case '?':
	 case '[':
	 return MAGICAL;

	 case '\\':
	 if (escape && !(c = *p++))
		return PLAIN;
	 continue;

	 default:
	 if (ISALPHA(c)) {
		hasalpha = 1;
	 }
	}

	p = Next(p-1, pend, enc);
 }

 return hasalpha ? ALPHA : PLAIN;
}

/* Find separator in globbing pattern. */
static char *
find_dirsep(const char *p, const char *pend, int flags, rb_encoding *enc)
{
 const int escape = !(flags & FNM_NOESCAPE);

 register char c;
 int open = 0;

 while ((c = *p++) != 0) {
	switch (c) {
	 case '[':
	 open = 1;
	 continue;
	 case ']':
	 open = 0;
	 continue;

	 case '/':
	 if (!open)
		return (char *)p-1;
	 continue;

	 case '\\':
	 if (escape && !(c = *p++))
		return (char *)p-1;
	 continue;
	}

	p = Next(p-1, pend, enc);
 }

 return (char *)p-1;
}

/* Remove escaping backslashes */
static char *
remove_backslashes(char *p, register const char *pend, rb_encoding *enc)
{
 char *t = p;
 char *s = p;

 while (*p) {
	if (*p == '\\') {
	 if (t != s)
		memmove(t, s, p - s);
	 t += p - s;
	 s = ++p;
	 if (!*p) break;
	}
	Inc(p, pend, enc);
 }

 while (*p++);

 if (t != s)
	memmove(t, s, p - s); /* move '\0' too */

 return p;
}

struct glob_pattern {
 char *str;
 enum glob_pattern_type type;
 struct glob_pattern *next;
};

static void glob_free_pattern(struct glob_pattern *list);

static struct glob_pattern *
glob_make_pattern(const char *p, const char *e, int flags, rb_encoding *enc)
{
 struct glob_pattern *list, *tmp, **tail = &list;
 int dirsep = 0; /* pattern is terminated with '/' */
 int recursive = 0;

 while (p < e && *p) {
	tmp = GLOB_ALLOC(struct glob_pattern);
	if (!tmp) goto error;
	if (p + 2 < e && p[0] == '*' && p[1] == '*' && p[2] == '/') {
	 /* fold continuous RECURSIVEs (needed in glob_helper) */
	 do { p += 3; while (*p == '/') p++; } while (p[0] == '*' && p[1] == '*' && p[2] == '/');
	 tmp->type = RECURSIVE;
	 tmp->str = 0;
	 dirsep = 1;
	 recursive = 1;
	}
	else {
	 const char *m = find_dirsep(p, e, flags, enc);
	 const enum glob_pattern_type magic = has_magic(p, m, flags, enc);
	 const enum glob_pattern_type non_magic = (HAVE_HFS || FNM_SYSCASE) ? PLAIN : ALPHA;
	 char *buf;

	 if (!(FNM_SYSCASE || magic > non_magic) && !recursive && *m) {
		const char *m2;
		while (has_magic(m+1, m2 = find_dirsep(m+1, e, flags, enc), flags, enc) <= non_magic &&
		 *m2) {
		 m = m2;
		}
	 }
	 buf = GLOB_ALLOC_N(char, m-p+1);
	 if (!buf) {
		GLOB_FREE(tmp);
		goto error;
	 }
	 memcpy(buf, p, m-p);
	 buf[m-p] = '\0';
	 tmp->type = magic > MAGICAL ? MAGICAL : magic > non_magic ? magic : PLAIN;
	 tmp->str = buf;
	 if (*m) {
		dirsep = 1;
		p = m + 1;
	 }
	 else {
		dirsep = 0;
		p = m;
	 }
	}
	*tail = tmp;
	tail = &tmp->next;
 }

 tmp = GLOB_ALLOC(struct glob_pattern);
 if (!tmp) {
 error:
	*tail = 0;
	glob_free_pattern(list);
	return 0;
 }
 tmp->type = dirsep ? MATCH_DIR : MATCH_ALL;
 tmp->str = 0;
 *tail = tmp;
 tmp->next = 0;

 return list;
}

static void
glob_free_pattern(struct glob_pattern *list)
{
 while (list) {
	struct glob_pattern *tmp = list;
	list = list->next;
	if (tmp->str)
	 GLOB_FREE(tmp->str);
	GLOB_FREE(tmp);
 }
}

static char *
join_path(const char *path, long len, int dirsep, const char *name, size_t namlen)
{
 char *buf = GLOB_ALLOC_N(char, len+namlen+(dirsep?1:0)+1);

 if (!buf) return 0;
 memcpy(buf, path, len);
 if (dirsep) {
	buf[len++] = '/';
 }
 memcpy(buf+len, name, namlen);
 buf[len+namlen] = '\0';
 return buf;
}

enum answer {UNKNOWN = -1, NO, YES};

#ifndef S_ISDIR
# define S_ISDIR(m) (((m) & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR)
#endif

#ifndef S_ISLNK
# ifndef S_IFLNK
# define S_ISLNK(m) (0)
# else
# define S_ISLNK(m) (((m) & S_IFMT) == S_IFLNK)
# endif
#endif

struct glob_args {
 void (*func)(const char *, VALUE, void *);
 const char *path;
 VALUE value;
 rb_encoding *enc;
};

#define glob_call_func(func, path, arg, enc) (*(func))((path), (arg), (void *)(enc))

static VALUE
glob_func_caller(VALUE val)
{
 struct glob_args *args = (struct glob_args *)val;

 glob_call_func(args->func, args->path, args->value, args->enc);
 return Qnil;
}

static int
glob_helper(
 const char *path,
 int dirsep, /* '/' should be placed before appending child entry's name to 'path'. */
 enum answer exist, /* Does 'path' indicate an existing entry? */
 enum answer isdir, /* Does 'path' indicate a directory or a symlink to a directory? */
 struct glob_pattern **beg,
 struct glob_pattern **end,
 int flags,
 ruby_glob_func *func,
 VALUE arg,
 rb_encoding *enc)
{
 struct stat st;
 int status = 0;
 struct glob_pattern **cur, **new_beg, **new_end;
 int plain = 0, magical = 0, recursive = 0, match_all = 0, match_dir = 0;
 int escape = !(flags & FNM_NOESCAPE);
 long pathlen;

 for (cur = beg; cur < end; ++cur) {
	struct glob_pattern *p = *cur;
	if (p->type == RECURSIVE) {
	 recursive = 1;
	 p = p->next;
	}
	switch (p->type) {
	 case PLAIN:
	 plain = 1;
	 break;
	 case ALPHA:
	 magical = 1;
	 break;
	 case MAGICAL:
	 magical = 2;
	 break;
	 case MATCH_ALL:
	 match_all = 1;
	 break;
	 case MATCH_DIR:
	 match_dir = 1;
	 break;
	 case RECURSIVE:
	 rb_bug("continuous RECURSIVEs");
	}
 }

 pathlen = strlen(path);
 if (*path) {
	if (match_all && exist == UNKNOWN) {
	 if (do_lstat(path, &st, flags) == 0) {
		exist = YES;
		isdir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? YES : S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? UNKNOWN : NO;
	 }
	 else {
		exist = NO;
		isdir = NO;
	 }
	}
	if (match_dir && isdir == UNKNOWN) {
	 if (do_stat(path, &st, flags) == 0) {
		exist = YES;
		isdir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? YES : NO;
	 }
	 else {
		exist = NO;
		isdir = NO;
	 }
	}
	if (match_all && exist == YES) {
	 status = glob_call_func(func, path, arg, enc);
	 if (status) return status;
	}
	if (match_dir && isdir == YES) {
	 char *tmp = join_path(path, pathlen, dirsep, "", 0);
	 if (!tmp) return -1;
	 status = glob_call_func(func, tmp, arg, enc);
	 GLOB_FREE(tmp);
	 if (status) return status;
	}
 }

 if (exist == NO || isdir == NO) return 0;

 if (magical || recursive) {
	struct dirent *dp;
	DIR *dirp;
# if DOSISH
	char *plainname = 0;
# endif
	IF_HAVE_HFS(int hfs_p);
# if DOSISH
	if (cur + 1 == end && (*cur)->type <= ALPHA) {
	 plainname = join_path(path, pathlen, dirsep, (*cur)->str, strlen((*cur)->str));
	 if (!plainname) return -1;
	 dirp = do_opendir(plainname, flags, enc);
	 GLOB_FREE(plainname);
	}
	else
# endif
	dirp = do_opendir(*path ? path : ".", flags, enc);
	if (dirp == NULL) {
# if FNM_SYSCASE || HAVE_HFS
	 if ((magical < 2) && !recursive && (errno == EACCES)) {
		/* no read permission, fallback */
		goto literally;
	 }
# endif
	 return 0;
	}
	IF_HAVE_HFS(hfs_p = is_hfs(dirp));

# if HAVE_HFS
	if (!(hfs_p || magical || recursive)) {
	 closedir(dirp);
	 goto literally;
	}
	flags |= FNM_CASEFOLD;
# endif
	while ((dp = READDIR(dirp, enc)) != NULL) {
	 char *buf;
	 enum answer new_isdir = UNKNOWN;
	 const char *name;
	 size_t namlen;
	 int dotfile = 0;
	 IF_HAVE_HFS(VALUE utf8str = Qnil);

	 if (recursive && dp->d_name[0] == '.') {
		++dotfile;
		if (!dp->d_name[1]) {
		 /* unless DOTMATCH, skip current directories not to recurse infinitely */
		 if (!(flags & FNM_DOTMATCH)) continue;
		 ++dotfile;
		}
		else if (dp->d_name[1] == '.' && !dp->d_name[2]) {
		 /* always skip parent directories not to recurse infinitely */
		 continue;
		}
	 }

	 name = dp->d_name;
	 namlen = NAMLEN(dp);
# if HAVE_HFS
	 if (hfs_p && has_nonascii(name, namlen)) {
		if (!NIL_P(utf8str = rb_str_normalize_ospath(name, namlen))) {
		 RSTRING_GETMEM(utf8str, name, namlen);
		}
	 }
# endif
	 buf = join_path(path, pathlen, dirsep, name, namlen);
	 IF_HAVE_HFS(if (!NIL_P(utf8str)) rb_str_resize(utf8str, 0));
	 if (!buf) {
		status = -1;
		break;
	 }
	 name = buf + pathlen + (dirsep != 0);
	 if (recursive && dotfile < ((flags & FNM_DOTMATCH) ? 2 : 1)) {
		/* RECURSIVE never match dot files unless FNM_DOTMATCH is set */
#ifndef _WIN32
		if (do_lstat(buf, &st, flags) == 0)
		 new_isdir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? YES : S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? UNKNOWN : NO;
		else
		 new_isdir = NO;
#else
		new_isdir = dp->d_isdir ? (!dp->d_isrep ? YES : UNKNOWN) : NO;
#endif
	 }

	 new_beg = new_end = GLOB_ALLOC_N(struct glob_pattern *, (end - beg) * 2);
	 if (!new_beg) {
		GLOB_FREE(buf);
		status = -1;
		break;
	 }

	 for (cur = beg; cur < end; ++cur) {
		struct glob_pattern *p = *cur;
		if (p->type == RECURSIVE) {
		 if (new_isdir == YES) /* not symlink but real directory */
			*new_end++ = p; /* append recursive pattern */
		 p = p->next; /* 0 times recursion */
		}
		switch (p->type) {
		 case ALPHA:
# ifdef DOSISH
		 if (plainname) {
			*new_end++ = p->next;
			break;
		 }
# endif
		 case PLAIN:
		 case MAGICAL:
		 if (fnmatch(p->str, enc, name, flags) == 0)
			*new_end++ = p->next;
		 default:
		 break;
		}
	 }

	 status = glob_helper(buf, 1, YES, new_isdir, new_beg, new_end,
				 flags, func, arg, enc);
	 GLOB_FREE(buf);
	 GLOB_FREE(new_beg);
	 if (status) break;
	}

	closedir(dirp);
 }
 else if (plain) {
	struct glob_pattern **copy_beg, **copy_end, **cur2;

# if FNM_SYSCASE || HAVE_HFS
 literally:
# endif
	copy_beg = copy_end = GLOB_ALLOC_N(struct glob_pattern *, end - beg);
	if (!copy_beg) return -1;
	for (cur = beg; cur < end; ++cur)
	 *copy_end++ = (*cur)->type <= ALPHA ? *cur : 0;

	for (cur = copy_beg; cur < copy_end; ++cur) {
	 if (*cur) {
		char *buf;
		char *name;
		size_t len = strlen((*cur)->str) + 1;
		name = GLOB_ALLOC_N(char, len);
		if (!name) {
		 status = -1;
		 break;
		}
		memcpy(name, (*cur)->str, len);
		if (escape)
		 len = remove_backslashes(name, name+len-1, enc) - name;

		new_beg = new_end = GLOB_ALLOC_N(struct glob_pattern *, end - beg);
		if (!new_beg) {
		 GLOB_FREE(name);
		 status = -1;
		 break;
		}
		*new_end++ = (*cur)->next;
		for (cur2 = cur + 1; cur2 < copy_end; ++cur2) {
		 if (*cur2 && fnmatch((*cur2)->str, enc, name, flags) == 0) {
			*new_end++ = (*cur2)->next;
			*cur2 = 0;
		 }
		}

		buf = join_path(path, pathlen, dirsep, name, len);
		GLOB_FREE(name);
		if (!buf) {
		 GLOB_FREE(new_beg);
		 status = -1;
		 break;
		}
		status = glob_helper(buf, 1, UNKNOWN, UNKNOWN, new_beg,
				 new_end, flags, func, arg, enc);
		GLOB_FREE(buf);
		GLOB_FREE(new_beg);
		if (status) break;
	 }
	}

	GLOB_FREE(copy_beg);
 }

 return status;
}

static int
ruby_glob0(const char *path, int flags, ruby_glob_func *func, VALUE arg, rb_encoding *enc)
{
 struct glob_pattern *list;
 const char *root, *start;
 char *buf;
 size_t n;
 int status;

 start = root = path;
 flags |= FNM_SYSCASE;
#if defined DOSISH
 root = rb_enc_path_skip_prefix(root, root + strlen(root), enc);
#endif

 if (root && *root == '/') root++;

 n = root - start;
 buf = GLOB_ALLOC_N(char, n + 1);
 if (!buf) return -1;
 MEMCPY(buf, start, char, n);
 buf[n] = '\0';

 list = glob_make_pattern(root, root + strlen(root), flags, enc);
 if (!list) {
	GLOB_FREE(buf);
	return -1;
 }
 status = glob_helper(buf, 0, UNKNOWN, UNKNOWN, &list, &list + 1, flags, func, arg, enc);
 glob_free_pattern(list);
 GLOB_FREE(buf);

 return status;
}

int
ruby_glob(const char *path, int flags, ruby_glob_func *func, VALUE arg)
{
 return ruby_glob0(path, flags & ~GLOB_VERBOSE, func, arg,
		 rb_ascii8bit_encoding());
}

static int
rb_glob_caller(const char *path, VALUE a, void *enc)
{
 int status;
 struct glob_args *args = (struct glob_args *)a;

 args->path = path;
 rb_protect(glob_func_caller, a, &status);
 return status;
}

static int
rb_glob2(const char *path, int flags,
	 void (*func)(const char *, VALUE, void *), VALUE arg,
	 rb_encoding* enc)
{
 struct glob_args args;

 args.func = func;
 args.value = arg;
 args.enc = enc;

 if (flags & FNM_SYSCASE) {
	rb_warning("Dir.glob() ignores File::FNM_CASEFOLD");
 }

 return ruby_glob0(path, flags | GLOB_VERBOSE, rb_glob_caller, (VALUE)&args,
		 enc);
}

void
rb_glob(const char *path, void (*func)(const char *, VALUE, void *), VALUE arg)
{
 int status = rb_glob2(path, 0, func, arg, rb_ascii8bit_encoding());
 if (status) GLOB_JUMP_TAG(status);
}

static void
push_pattern(const char *path, VALUE ary, void *enc)
{
 rb_ary_push(ary, rb_external_str_new_with_enc(path, strlen(path), enc));
}

static int
ruby_brace_expand(const char *str, int flags, ruby_glob_func *func, VALUE arg,
		 rb_encoding *enc)
{
 const int escape = !(flags & FNM_NOESCAPE);
 const char *p = str;
 const char *pend = p + strlen(p);
 const char *s = p;
 const char *lbrace = 0, *rbrace = 0;
 int nest = 0, status = 0;

 while (*p) {
	if (*p == '{' && nest++ == 0) {
	 lbrace = p;
	}
	if (*p == '}' && --nest <= 0) {
	 rbrace = p;
	 break;
	}
	if (*p == '\\' && escape) {
	 if (!*++p) break;
	}
	Inc(p, pend, enc);
 }

 if (lbrace && rbrace) {
	size_t len = strlen(s) + 1;
	char *buf = GLOB_ALLOC_N(char, len);
	long shift;

	if (!buf) return -1;
	memcpy(buf, s, lbrace-s);
	shift = (lbrace-s);
	p = lbrace;
	while (p < rbrace) {
	 const char *t = ++p;
	 nest = 0;
	 while (p < rbrace && !(*p == ',' && nest == 0)) {
		if (*p == '{') nest++;
		if (*p == '}') nest--;
		if (*p == '\\' && escape) {
		 if (++p == rbrace) break;
		}
		Inc(p, pend, enc);
	 }
	 memcpy(buf+shift, t, p-t);
	 strlcpy(buf+shift+(p-t), rbrace+1, len-(shift+(p-t)));
	 status = ruby_brace_expand(buf, flags, func, arg, enc);
	 if (status) break;
	}
	GLOB_FREE(buf);
 }
 else if (!lbrace && !rbrace) {
	status = glob_call_func(func, s, arg, enc);
 }

 return status;
}

struct brace_args {
 ruby_glob_func *func;
 VALUE value;
 int flags;
};

static int
glob_brace(const char *path, VALUE val, void *enc)
{
 struct brace_args *arg = (struct brace_args *)val;

 return ruby_glob0(path, arg->flags, arg->func, arg->value, enc);
}

static int
ruby_brace_glob0(const char *str, int flags, ruby_glob_func *func, VALUE arg,
		 rb_encoding* enc)
{
 struct brace_args args;

 args.func = func;
 args.value = arg;
 args.flags = flags;
 return ruby_brace_expand(str, flags, glob_brace, (VALUE)&args, enc);
}

int
ruby_brace_glob(const char *str, int flags, ruby_glob_func *func, VALUE arg)
{
 return ruby_brace_glob0(str, flags & ~GLOB_VERBOSE, func, arg,
			 rb_ascii8bit_encoding());
}

int
ruby_brace_glob_with_enc(const char *str, int flags, ruby_glob_func *func, VALUE arg, rb_encoding *enc)
{
 return ruby_brace_glob0(str, flags & ~GLOB_VERBOSE, func, arg, enc);
}

static int
push_glob(VALUE ary, VALUE str, int flags)
{
 struct glob_args args;
#ifdef __APPLE__
 rb_encoding *enc = rb_utf8_encoding();

 str = rb_str_encode_ospath(str);
#else
 rb_encoding *enc = rb_enc_get(str);

 if (enc == rb_usascii_encoding()) enc = rb_filesystem_encoding();
 if (enc == rb_usascii_encoding()) enc = rb_ascii8bit_encoding();
#endif
 args.func = push_pattern;
 args.value = ary;
 args.enc = enc;

 RB_GC_GUARD(str);
 return ruby_brace_glob0(RSTRING_PTR(str), flags | GLOB_VERBOSE,
			 rb_glob_caller, (VALUE)&args, enc);
}

static VALUE
rb_push_glob(VALUE str, int flags) /* '\0' is delimiter */
{
 long offset = 0;
 VALUE ary;

 GlobPathValue(str, TRUE);
 ary = rb_ary_new();

 while (offset < RSTRING_LEN(str)) {
	char *p, *pend;
	int status;
	p = RSTRING_PTR(str) + offset;
	status = push_glob(ary, rb_enc_str_new(p, strlen(p), rb_enc_get(str)),
			 flags);
	if (status) GLOB_JUMP_TAG(status);
	if (offset >= RSTRING_LEN(str)) break;
	p += strlen(p) + 1;
	pend = RSTRING_PTR(str) + RSTRING_LEN(str);
	while (p < pend && !*p)
	 p++;
	offset = p - RSTRING_PTR(str);
 }

 return ary;
}

static VALUE
dir_globs(long argc, const VALUE *argv, int flags)
{
 VALUE ary = rb_ary_new();
 long i;

 for (i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
	int status;
	VALUE str = argv[i];
	GlobPathValue(str, TRUE);
	status = push_glob(ary, str, flags);
	if (status) GLOB_JUMP_TAG(status);
 }

 return ary;
}

/*
 * call-seq:
 * Dir[ array ] -> array
 * Dir[ string [, string ...] ] -> array
 *
 * Equivalent to calling
 * <code>Dir.glob(</code><i>array,</i><code>0)</code> and
 * <code>Dir.glob([</code><i>string,...</i><code>],0)</code>.
 *
 */
static VALUE
dir_s_aref(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
{
 if (argc == 1) {
	return rb_push_glob(argv[0], 0);
 }
 return dir_globs(argc, argv, 0);
}

/*
 * call-seq:
 * Dir.glob( pattern, [flags] ) -> matches
 * Dir.glob( pattern, [flags] ) { |filename| block } -> nil
 *
 * Expands +pattern+, which is an Array of patterns or a pattern String, and
 * returns the results as +matches+ or as arguments given to the block.
 *
 * Note that this pattern is not a regexp, it's closer to a shell glob. See
 * File::fnmatch for the meaning of the +flags+ parameter. Note that case
 * sensitivity depends on your system (so File::FNM_CASEFOLD is ignored), as
 * does the order in which the results are returned.
 *
 * <code>*</code>::
 * Matches any file. Can be restricted by other values in the glob.
 * Equivalent to <code>/ .* /x</code> in regexp.
 *
 * <code>*</code>:: Matches all files
 * <code>c*</code>:: Matches all files beginning with <code>c</code>
 * <code>*c</code>:: Matches all files ending with <code>c</code>
 * <code>\*c\*</code>:: Match all files that have <code>c</code> in them
 * (including at the beginning or end).
 *
 * Note, this will not match Unix-like hidden files (dotfiles). In order
 * to include those in the match results, you must use the
 * File::FNM_DOTMATCH flag or something like <code>"{*,.*}"</code>.
 *
 * <code>**</code>::
 * Matches directories recursively.
 *
 * <code>?</code>::
 * Matches any one character. Equivalent to <code>/.{1}/</code> in regexp.
 *
 * <code>[set]</code>::
 * Matches any one character in +set+. Behaves exactly like character sets
 * in Regexp, including set negation (<code>[^a-z]</code>).
 *
 * <code>{p,q}</code>::
 * Matches either literal <code>p</code> or literal <code>q</code>.
 * Equivalent to pattern alternation in regexp.
 *
 * Matching literals may be more than one character in length. More than
 * two literals may be specified.
 *
 * <code> \\ </code>::
 * Escapes the next metacharacter.
 *
 * Note that this means you cannot use backslash on windows as part of a
 * glob, i.e. <code>Dir["c:\\foo*"]</code> will not work, use
 * <code>Dir["c:/foo*"]</code> instead.
 *
 * Examples:
 *
 * Dir["config.?"] #=> ["config.h"]
 * Dir.glob("config.?") #=> ["config.h"]
 * Dir.glob("*.[a-z][a-z]") #=> ["main.rb"]
 * Dir.glob("*.[^r]*") #=> ["config.h"]
 * Dir.glob("*.{rb,h}") #=> ["main.rb", "config.h"]
 * Dir.glob("*") #=> ["config.h", "main.rb"]
 * Dir.glob("*", File::FNM_DOTMATCH) #=> [".", "..", "config.h", "main.rb"]
 *
 * rbfiles = File.join("**", "*.rb")
 * Dir.glob(rbfiles) #=> ["main.rb",
 * # "lib/song.rb",
 * # "lib/song/karaoke.rb"]
 * libdirs = File.join("**", "lib")
 * Dir.glob(libdirs) #=> ["lib"]
 *
 * librbfiles = File.join("**", "lib", "**", "*.rb")
 * Dir.glob(librbfiles) #=> ["lib/song.rb",
 * # "lib/song/karaoke.rb"]
 *
 * librbfiles = File.join("**", "lib", "*.rb")
 * Dir.glob(librbfiles) #=> ["lib/song.rb"]
 */
static VALUE
dir_s_glob(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
{
 VALUE str, rflags, ary;
 int flags;

 if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &str, &rflags) == 2)
	flags = NUM2INT(rflags);
 else
	flags = 0;

 ary = rb_check_array_type(str);
 if (NIL_P(ary)) {
	ary = rb_push_glob(str, flags);
 }
 else {
	VALUE v = ary;
	ary = dir_globs(RARRAY_LEN(v), RARRAY_CONST_PTR(v), flags);
	RB_GC_GUARD(v);
 }

 if (rb_block_given_p()) {
	rb_ary_each(ary);
	return Qnil;
 }
 return ary;
}

static VALUE
dir_open_dir(int argc, VALUE *argv)
{
 VALUE dir = rb_funcall2(rb_cDir, rb_intern("open"), argc, argv);

 rb_check_typeddata(dir, &dir_data_type);
 return dir;
}


/*
 * call-seq:
 * Dir.foreach( dirname ) {| filename | block } -> nil
 * Dir.foreach( dirname, encoding: enc ) {| filename | block } -> nil
 * Dir.foreach( dirname ) -> an_enumerator
 * Dir.foreach( dirname, encoding: enc ) -> an_enumerator
 *
 * Calls the block once for each entry in the named directory, passing
 * the filename of each entry as a parameter to the block.
 *
 * If no block is given, an enumerator is returned instead.
 *
 * Dir.foreach("testdir") {|x| puts "Got #{x}" }
 *
 * <em>produces:</em>
 *
 * Got .
 * Got ..
 * Got config.h
 * Got main.rb
 *
 */
static VALUE
dir_foreach(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE io)
{
 VALUE dir;

 RETURN_ENUMERATOR(io, argc, argv);
 dir = dir_open_dir(argc, argv);
 rb_ensure(dir_each, dir, dir_close, dir);
 return Qnil;
}

/*
 * call-seq:
 * Dir.entries( dirname ) -> array
 * Dir.entries( dirname, encoding: enc ) -> array
 *
 * Returns an array containing all of the filenames in the given
 * directory. Will raise a <code>SystemCallError</code> if the named
 * directory doesn't exist.
 *
 * The optional <i>enc</i> argument specifies the encoding of the directory.
 * If not specified, the filesystem encoding is used.
 *
 * Dir.entries("testdir") #=> [".", "..", "config.h", "main.rb"]
 *
 */
static VALUE
dir_entries(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE io)
{
 VALUE dir;

 dir = dir_open_dir(argc, argv);
 return rb_ensure(rb_Array, dir, dir_close, dir);
}

static int
fnmatch_brace(const char *pattern, VALUE val, void *enc)
{
 struct brace_args *arg = (struct brace_args *)val;
 VALUE path = arg->value;
 rb_encoding *enc_pattern = enc;
 rb_encoding *enc_path = rb_enc_get(path);

 if (enc_pattern != enc_path) {
	if (!rb_enc_asciicompat(enc_pattern))
	 return FNM_NOMATCH;
	if (!rb_enc_asciicompat(enc_path))
	 return FNM_NOMATCH;
	if (!rb_enc_str_asciionly_p(path)) {
	 int cr = ENC_CODERANGE_7BIT;
	 long len = strlen(pattern);
	 if (rb_str_coderange_scan_restartable(pattern, pattern + len,
						 enc_pattern, &cr) != len)
		return FNM_NOMATCH;
	 if (cr != ENC_CODERANGE_7BIT)
		return FNM_NOMATCH;
	}
 }
 return (fnmatch(pattern, enc, RSTRING_PTR(path), arg->flags) == 0);
}

/*
 * call-seq:
 * File.fnmatch( pattern, path, [flags] ) -> (true or false)
 * File.fnmatch?( pattern, path, [flags] ) -> (true or false)
 *
 * Returns true if +path+ matches against +pattern+. The pattern is not a
 * regular expression; instead it follows rules similar to shell filename
 * globbing. It may contain the following metacharacters:
 *
 * <code>*</code>::
 * Matches any file. Can be restricted by other values in the glob.
 * Equivalent to <code>/ .* /x</code> in regexp.
 *
 * <code>*</code>:: Matches all files regular files
 * <code>c*</code>:: Matches all files beginning with <code>c</code>
 * <code>*c</code>:: Matches all files ending with <code>c</code>
 * <code>\*c*</code>:: Matches all files that have <code>c</code> in them
 * (including at the beginning or end).
 *
 * To match hidden files (that start with a <code>.</code> set the
 * File::FNM_DOTMATCH flag.
 *
 * <code>**</code>::
 * Matches directories recursively or files expansively.
 *
 * <code>?</code>::
 * Matches any one character. Equivalent to <code>/.{1}/</code> in regexp.
 *
 * <code>[set]</code>::
 * Matches any one character in +set+. Behaves exactly like character sets
 * in Regexp, including set negation (<code>[^a-z]</code>).
 *
 * <code> \ </code>::
 * Escapes the next metacharacter.
 *
 * <code>{a,b}</code>::
 * Matches pattern a and pattern b if File::FNM_EXTGLOB flag is enabled.
 * Behaves like a Regexp union (<code>(?:a|b)</code>).
 *
 * +flags+ is a bitwise OR of the <code>FNM_XXX</code> constants. The same
 * glob pattern and flags are used by Dir::glob.
 *
 * Examples:
 *
 * File.fnmatch('cat', 'cat') #=> true # match entire string
 * File.fnmatch('cat', 'category') #=> false # only match partial string
 *
 * File.fnmatch('c{at,ub}s', 'cats') #=> false # { } isn't supported by default
 * File.fnmatch('c{at,ub}s', 'cats', File::FNM_EXTGLOB) #=> true # { } is supported on FNM_EXTGLOB
 *
 * File.fnmatch('c?t', 'cat') #=> true # '?' match only 1 character
 * File.fnmatch('c??t', 'cat') #=> false # ditto
 * File.fnmatch('c*', 'cats') #=> true # '*' match 0 or more characters
 * File.fnmatch('c*t', 'c/a/b/t') #=> true # ditto
 * File.fnmatch('ca[a-z]', 'cat') #=> true # inclusive bracket expression
 * File.fnmatch('ca[^t]', 'cat') #=> false # exclusive bracket expression ('^' or '!')
 *
 * File.fnmatch('cat', 'CAT') #=> false # case sensitive
 * File.fnmatch('cat', 'CAT', File::FNM_CASEFOLD) #=> true # case insensitive
 *
 * File.fnmatch('?', '/', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false # wildcard doesn't match '/' on FNM_PATHNAME
 * File.fnmatch('*', '/', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false # ditto
 * File.fnmatch('[/]', '/', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false # ditto
 *
 * File.fnmatch('\?', '?') #=> true # escaped wildcard becomes ordinary
 * File.fnmatch('\a', 'a') #=> true # escaped ordinary remains ordinary
 * File.fnmatch('\a', '\a', File::FNM_NOESCAPE) #=> true # FNM_NOESCAPE makes '\' ordinary
 * File.fnmatch('[\?]', '?') #=> true # can escape inside bracket expression
 *
 * File.fnmatch('*', '.profile') #=> false # wildcard doesn't match leading
 * File.fnmatch('*', '.profile', File::FNM_DOTMATCH) #=> true # period by default.
 * File.fnmatch('.*', '.profile') #=> true
 *
 * rbfiles = '**' '/' '*.rb' # you don't have to do like this. just write in single string.
 * File.fnmatch(rbfiles, 'main.rb') #=> false
 * File.fnmatch(rbfiles, './main.rb') #=> false
 * File.fnmatch(rbfiles, 'lib/song.rb') #=> true
 * File.fnmatch('**.rb', 'main.rb') #=> true
 * File.fnmatch('**.rb', './main.rb') #=> false
 * File.fnmatch('**.rb', 'lib/song.rb') #=> true
 * File.fnmatch('*', 'dave/.profile') #=> true
 *
 * pattern = '*' '/' '*'
 * File.fnmatch(pattern, 'dave/.profile', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false
 * File.fnmatch(pattern, 'dave/.profile', File::FNM_PATHNAME | File::FNM_DOTMATCH) #=> true
 *
 * pattern = '**' '/' 'foo'
 * File.fnmatch(pattern, 'a/b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> true
 * File.fnmatch(pattern, '/a/b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> true
 * File.fnmatch(pattern, 'c:/a/b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> true
 * File.fnmatch(pattern, 'a/.b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false
 * File.fnmatch(pattern, 'a/.b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME | File::FNM_DOTMATCH) #=> true
 */
static VALUE
file_s_fnmatch(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
{
 VALUE pattern, path;
 VALUE rflags;
 int flags;

 if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "21", &pattern, &path, &rflags) == 3)
	flags = NUM2INT(rflags);
 else
	flags = 0;

 StringValue(pattern);
 FilePathStringValue(path);

 if (flags & FNM_EXTGLOB) {
	struct brace_args args;

	args.value = path;
	args.flags = flags;
	if (ruby_brace_expand(RSTRING_PTR(pattern), flags, fnmatch_brace,
			 (VALUE)&args, rb_enc_get(pattern)) > 0)
	 return Qtrue;
 }
 else {
	rb_encoding *enc = rb_enc_compatible(pattern, path);
	if (!enc) return Qfalse;
	if (fnmatch(RSTRING_PTR(pattern), enc, RSTRING_PTR(path), flags) == 0)
	 return Qtrue;
 }
 RB_GC_GUARD(pattern);

 return Qfalse;
}

/*
 * call-seq:
 * Dir.home() -> "/home/me"
 * Dir.home("root") -> "/root"
 *
 * Returns the home directory of the current user or the named user
 * if given.
 */
static VALUE
dir_s_home(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
{
 VALUE user;
 const char *u = 0;

 rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
 user = (argc > 0) ? argv[0] : Qnil;
 if (!NIL_P(user)) {
	SafeStringValue(user);
	rb_must_asciicompat(user);
	u = StringValueCStr(user);
	if (*u) {
	 return rb_home_dir_of(user, rb_str_new(0, 0));
	}
 }
 return rb_default_home_dir(rb_str_new(0, 0));

}

#if 0
/*
 * call-seq:
 * Dir.exist?(file_name) -> true or false
 *
 * Returns <code>true</code> if the named file is a directory,
 * <code>false</code> otherwise.
 *
 */
VALUE
rb_file_directory_p()
{
}
#endif

/*
 * call-seq:
 * Dir.exists?(file_name) -> true or false
 *
 * Deprecated method. Don't use.
 */
static VALUE
rb_dir_exists_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
 rb_warning("Dir.exists? is a deprecated name, use Dir.exist? instead");
 return rb_file_directory_p(obj, fname);
}

/*
 * Objects of class <code>Dir</code> are directory streams representing
 * directories in the underlying file system. They provide a variety of
 * ways to list directories and their contents. See also
 * <code>File</code>.
 *
 * The directory used in these examples contains the two regular files
 * (<code>config.h</code> and <code>main.rb</code>), the parent
 * directory (<code>..</code>), and the directory itself
 * (<code>.</code>).
 */
void
Init_Dir(void)
{
 rb_cDir = rb_define_class("Dir", rb_cObject);

 rb_include_module(rb_cDir, rb_mEnumerable);

 rb_define_alloc_func(rb_cDir, dir_s_alloc);
 rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir, "open", dir_s_open, -1);
 rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir, "foreach", dir_foreach, -1);
 rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir, "entries", dir_entries, -1);

 rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"initialize", dir_initialize, -1);
 rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"path", dir_path, 0);
 rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"to_path", dir_path, 0);
 rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"inspect", dir_inspect, 0);
 rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"read", dir_read, 0);
 rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"each", dir_each, 0);
 rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"rewind", dir_rewind, 0);
 rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"tell", dir_tell, 0);
 rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"seek", dir_seek, 1);
 rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"pos", dir_tell, 0);
 rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"pos=", dir_set_pos, 1);
 rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"close", dir_close, 0);

 rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir,"chdir", dir_s_chdir, -1);
 rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir,"getwd", dir_s_getwd, 0);
 rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir,"pwd", dir_s_getwd, 0);
 rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir,"chroot", dir_s_chroot, 1);
 rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir,"mkdir", dir_s_mkdir, -1);
 rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir,"rmdir", dir_s_rmdir, 1);
 rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir,"delete", dir_s_rmdir, 1);
 rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir,"unlink", dir_s_rmdir, 1);
 rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir,"home", dir_s_home, -1);

 rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir,"glob", dir_s_glob, -1);
 rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir,"[]", dir_s_aref, -1);
 rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir,"exist?", rb_file_directory_p, 1);
 rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir,"exists?", rb_dir_exists_p, 1);

 rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cFile,"fnmatch", file_s_fnmatch, -1);
 rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cFile,"fnmatch?", file_s_fnmatch, -1);

 /* Document-const: File::Constants::FNM_NOESCAPE
 *
 * Disables escapes in File.fnmatch and Dir.glob patterns
 */
 rb_file_const("FNM_NOESCAPE", INT2FIX(FNM_NOESCAPE));

 /* Document-const: File::Constants::FNM_PATHNAME
 *
 * Wildcards in File.fnmatch and Dir.glob patterns do not match directory
 * separators
 */
 rb_file_const("FNM_PATHNAME", INT2FIX(FNM_PATHNAME));

 /* Document-const: File::Constants::FNM_DOTMATCH
 *
 * The '*' wildcard matches filenames starting with "." in File.fnmatch
 * and Dir.glob patterns
 */
 rb_file_const("FNM_DOTMATCH", INT2FIX(FNM_DOTMATCH));

 /* Document-const: File::Constants::FNM_CASEFOLD
 *
 * Makes File.fnmatch patterns case insensitive (but not Dir.glob
 * patterns).
 */
 rb_file_const("FNM_CASEFOLD", INT2FIX(FNM_CASEFOLD));

 /* Document-const: File::Constants::FNM_EXTGLOB
 *
 * Allows file globbing through "{a,b}" in File.fnmatch patterns.
 */
 rb_file_const("FNM_EXTGLOB", INT2FIX(FNM_EXTGLOB));

 /* Document-const: File::Constants::FNM_SYSCASE
 *
 * System default case insensitiveness, equals to FNM_CASEFOLD or
 * 0.
 */
 rb_file_const("FNM_SYSCASE", INT2FIX(FNM_SYSCASE));
}