diff --git a/stl/inc/xutility b/stl/inc/xutility
index c38cab33263..54d3154b0ae 100644
--- a/stl/inc/xutility
+++ b/stl/inc/xutility
@@ -3568,29 +3568,34 @@ namespace ranges {
 
     _EXPORT_STD inline constexpr _Advance_fn advance;
 
+    template <class _Ty>
+    using _Distance_iterator_t = // per LWG-4303
+        conditional_t<is_array_v<remove_reference_t<_Ty>>, decay_t<_Ty>, remove_const_t<remove_reference_t<_Ty>>>;
+
     class _Distance_fn {
     public:
         template <class _It, sentinel_for<_It> _Se>
             requires (!sized_sentinel_for<_Se, _It>)
         _NODISCARD _STATIC_CALL_OPERATOR constexpr iter_difference_t<_It> operator()(
-            _It _First, _Se _Last) _CONST_CALL_OPERATOR
-            noexcept(noexcept(_Distance_unchecked(
-                _STD _Get_unwrapped(_STD move(_First)), _STD _Get_unwrapped(_STD move(_Last))))) /* strengthened */ {
+            _It _First, _Se _Last) _CONST_CALL_OPERATOR noexcept(_Calculate_noexcept<_It, _Se>()) /* strengthened */ {
             _STD _Adl_verify_range(_First, _Last);
             return _Distance_unchecked(
                 _RANGES _Unwrap_iter<_Se>(_STD move(_First)), _RANGES _Unwrap_sent<_It>(_STD move(_Last)));
         }
 
-        template <class _It, sized_sentinel_for<decay_t<_It>> _Se>
-        _NODISCARD _STATIC_CALL_OPERATOR constexpr iter_difference_t<decay_t<_It>> operator()(
-            _It&& _First, const _Se _Last) _CONST_CALL_OPERATOR
-            noexcept(noexcept(_Last - static_cast<const decay_t<_It>&>(_First))) /* strengthened */ {
-            return _Last - static_cast<const decay_t<_It>&>(_First);
+        template <class _It, sized_sentinel_for<_Distance_iterator_t<_It>> _Se>
+        _NODISCARD _STATIC_CALL_OPERATOR constexpr iter_difference_t<_Distance_iterator_t<_It>> operator()(_It&& _First,
+            const _Se _Last) _CONST_CALL_OPERATOR noexcept(_Calculate_noexcept<_It, _Se>()) /* strengthened */ {
+            if constexpr (!is_array_v<remove_reference_t<_It>>) {
+                return _Last - _First;
+            } else {
+                return _Last - static_cast<decay_t<_It>>(_First);
+            }
         }
 
         template <range _Rng>
         _NODISCARD _STATIC_CALL_OPERATOR constexpr range_difference_t<_Rng> operator()(
-            _Rng&& _Range) _CONST_CALL_OPERATOR noexcept(_Nothrow_size<_Rng>) /* strengthened */ {
+            _Rng&& _Range) _CONST_CALL_OPERATOR noexcept(_Calculate_noexcept<_Rng>()) /* strengthened */ {
             if constexpr (sized_range<_Rng>) {
                 return static_cast<range_difference_t<_Rng>>(_RANGES size(_Range));
             } else {
@@ -3612,12 +3617,30 @@ namespace ranges {
             return _Count;
         }
 
-        template <class _Rng>
-        static constexpr bool _Nothrow_size =
-            noexcept(_Distance_unchecked(_Ubegin(_STD declval<_Rng&>()), _Uend(_STD declval<_Rng&>())));
+        template <class _It, class _Se>
+        _NODISCARD static consteval bool _Calculate_noexcept() noexcept {
+            if constexpr (sized_sentinel_for<_Se, _Distance_iterator_t<_It>>) {
+                if constexpr (!is_array_v<remove_reference_t<_It>>) {
+                    return noexcept(_STD declval<const _Se&>() - _STD declval<_It&>());
+                } else {
+                    return noexcept(_STD declval<const _Se&>() - _STD declval<decay_t<_It>>());
+                }
+            } else if constexpr (sentinel_for<_Se, _It> && !sized_sentinel_for<_Se, _It>) {
+                return noexcept(_Distance_unchecked(
+                    _STD _Get_unwrapped(_STD declval<_It>()), _STD _Get_unwrapped(_STD declval<_Se>())));
+            } else {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
 
-        template <sized_range _Rng>
-        static constexpr bool _Nothrow_size<_Rng> = noexcept(_RANGES size(_STD declval<_Rng&>()));
+        template <class _Rng>
+        _NODISCARD static consteval bool _Calculate_noexcept() noexcept {
+            if constexpr (sized_range<_Rng>) {
+                return noexcept(_RANGES size(_STD declval<_Rng&>()));
+            } else {
+                return noexcept(_Distance_unchecked(_Ubegin(_STD declval<_Rng&>()), _Uend(_STD declval<_Rng&>())));
+            }
+        }
     };
 
     _EXPORT_STD inline constexpr _Distance_fn distance;
diff --git a/tests/std/tests/P0896R4_ranges_iterator_machinery/test.cpp b/tests/std/tests/P0896R4_ranges_iterator_machinery/test.cpp
index abc1699c201..4aa6767376a 100644
--- a/tests/std/tests/P0896R4_ranges_iterator_machinery/test.cpp
+++ b/tests/std/tests/P0896R4_ranges_iterator_machinery/test.cpp
@@ -2107,6 +2107,10 @@ struct std::common_type<std::default_sentinel_t, ::iter_ops::trace_iterator<Cate
 namespace iter_ops {
     using ranges::advance, ranges::distance, ranges::next, ranges::prev;
 
+    template <class I, class S>
+    concept can_call_ranges_difference =
+        requires(I&& it, S&& se) { distance(std::forward<I>(it), std::forward<S>(se)); };
+
     constexpr bool test_iter_forms() {
         {
             // Call next(i), validating that ++i is called once
@@ -3098,7 +3102,6 @@ namespace iter_ops {
         }
 
         {
-#ifndef __EDG__ // TRANSITION, VSO-1898890
             // Call distance(i, s) with arrays which must be decayed to pointers.
             // (This behavior was regressed by LWG-3392.)
             int some_ints[] = {1, 2, 3};
@@ -3116,7 +3119,23 @@ namespace iter_ops {
             static_assert(noexcept(distance(const_ints + 1, const_ints)));
             assert(distance(const_ints, const_ints) == 0);
             static_assert(noexcept(distance(const_ints, const_ints)));
-#endif // ^^^ no workaround ^^^
+        }
+
+        { // Test LWG-4242 "ranges::distance does not work with volatile iterators"
+            static_assert(can_call_ranges_difference<int* volatile, int[3]>);
+            static_assert(can_call_ranges_difference<int* volatile&, int[3]>);
+
+            // Per LWG-4303, ranges::distance should be well-constrained for non-pointer volatile iterators.
+            static_assert(
+                !can_call_ranges_difference<volatile std::reverse_iterator<int*>, std::reverse_iterator<int*>>);
+            static_assert(
+                !can_call_ranges_difference<volatile std::reverse_iterator<int*>&, std::reverse_iterator<int*>>);
+
+            if (!std::is_constant_evaluated()) {
+                int arr[]{1, 2, 3};
+                int* volatile ptr = arr;
+                assert(distance(ptr, arr + 3) == 3);
+            }
         }
 
         return true;