diff --git a/stl/inc/condition_variable b/stl/inc/condition_variable
index 8d52f7265bf..44d381e4150 100644
--- a/stl/inc/condition_variable
+++ b/stl/inc/condition_variable
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ public:
     }
 
     template <class _Lock, class _Clock, class _Duration>
-    cv_status wait_until(_Lock& _Lck, const chrono::time_point<_Clock, _Duration>& _Abs_time) {
+    cv_status wait_until(_Lock& _Lck, const chrono::time_point<_Clock, _Duration> _Abs_time) {
         // wait until time point
         static_assert(chrono::_Is_clock_v<_Clock>, "Clock type required");
         const auto _Now                  = _Clock::now();
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ public:
     }
 
     template <class _Lock, class _Clock, class _Duration, class _Predicate>
-    bool wait_until(_Lock& _Lck, const chrono::time_point<_Clock, _Duration>& _Abs_time, _Predicate _Pred) {
+    bool wait_until(_Lock& _Lck, const chrono::time_point<_Clock, _Duration> _Abs_time, _Predicate _Pred) {
         // wait for signal with timeout and check predicate
 #if _HAS_CXX20
         static_assert(chrono::is_clock_v<_Clock>, "Clock type required");
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ public:
     }
 
     template <class _Lock, class _Rep, class _Period>
-    cv_status wait_for(_Lock& _Lck, const chrono::duration<_Rep, _Period>& _Rel_time) { // wait for duration
+    cv_status wait_for(_Lock& _Lck, const chrono::duration<_Rep, _Period> _Rel_time) { // wait for duration
         if (_Rel_time <= chrono::duration<_Rep, _Period>::zero()) {
             _Unlock_guard<_Lock> _Unlock_outer{_Lck};
             (void) _Unlock_outer;
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ public:
     }
 
     template <class _Lock, class _Rep, class _Period, class _Predicate>
-    bool wait_for(_Lock& _Lck, const chrono::duration<_Rep, _Period>& _Rel_time, _Predicate _Pred) {
+    bool wait_for(_Lock& _Lck, const chrono::duration<_Rep, _Period> _Rel_time, _Predicate _Pred) {
         // wait for signal with timeout and check predicate
         return wait_until(_Lck, _To_absolute_time(_Rel_time), _STD move(_Pred));
     }
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ public:
 
     template <class _Lock, class _Clock, class _Duration, class _Predicate>
     bool wait_until(
-        _Lock& _Lck, stop_token _Stoken, const chrono::time_point<_Clock, _Duration>& _Abs_time, _Predicate _Pred) {
+        _Lock& _Lck, stop_token _Stoken, const chrono::time_point<_Clock, _Duration> _Abs_time, _Predicate _Pred) {
         static_assert(chrono::is_clock_v<_Clock>, "Clock type required");
         stop_callback<_Cv_any_notify_all> _Cb{_Stoken, this};
         for (;;) {
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ public:
     }
 
     template <class _Lock, class _Rep, class _Period, class _Predicate>
-    bool wait_for(_Lock& _Lck, stop_token _Stoken, const chrono::duration<_Rep, _Period>& _Rel_time, _Predicate _Pred) {
+    bool wait_for(_Lock& _Lck, stop_token _Stoken, const chrono::duration<_Rep, _Period> _Rel_time, _Predicate _Pred) {
         return wait_until(_Lck, _STD move(_Stoken), _To_absolute_time(_Rel_time), _STD move(_Pred));
     }
 #endif // _HAS_CXX20
diff --git a/stl/inc/mutex b/stl/inc/mutex
index 8cb450c59d7..0deda247d62 100644
--- a/stl/inc/mutex
+++ b/stl/inc/mutex
@@ -556,7 +556,7 @@ public:
     }
 
     template <class _Rep, class _Period>
-    cv_status wait_for(unique_lock<mutex>& _Lck, const chrono::duration<_Rep, _Period>& _Rel_time) {
+    cv_status wait_for(unique_lock<mutex>& _Lck, const chrono::duration<_Rep, _Period> _Rel_time) {
         // wait for duration
         if (_Rel_time <= chrono::duration<_Rep, _Period>::zero()) {
             // we don't unlock-and-relock _Lck for this case because it's not observable
@@ -566,13 +566,13 @@ public:
     }
 
     template <class _Rep, class _Period, class _Predicate>
-    bool wait_for(unique_lock<mutex>& _Lck, const chrono::duration<_Rep, _Period>& _Rel_time, _Predicate _Pred) {
+    bool wait_for(unique_lock<mutex>& _Lck, const chrono::duration<_Rep, _Period> _Rel_time, _Predicate _Pred) {
         // wait for signal with timeout and check predicate
         return wait_until(_Lck, _To_absolute_time(_Rel_time), _STD _Pass_fn(_Pred));
     }
 
     template <class _Clock, class _Duration>
-    cv_status wait_until(unique_lock<mutex>& _Lck, const chrono::time_point<_Clock, _Duration>& _Abs_time) {
+    cv_status wait_until(unique_lock<mutex>& _Lck, const chrono::time_point<_Clock, _Duration> _Abs_time) {
         // wait until time point
         static_assert(chrono::_Is_clock_v<_Clock>, "Clock type required");
 #if _ITERATOR_DEBUG_LEVEL != 0
@@ -598,8 +598,7 @@ public:
     }
 
     template <class _Clock, class _Duration, class _Predicate>
-    bool wait_until(
-        unique_lock<mutex>& _Lck, const chrono::time_point<_Clock, _Duration>& _Abs_time, _Predicate _Pred) {
+    bool wait_until(unique_lock<mutex>& _Lck, const chrono::time_point<_Clock, _Duration> _Abs_time, _Predicate _Pred) {
         // wait for signal with timeout and check predicate
         static_assert(chrono::_Is_clock_v<_Clock>, "Clock type required");
         while (!_Pred()) {
diff --git a/tests/std/tests/GH_000685_condition_variable_any/test.cpp b/tests/std/tests/GH_000685_condition_variable_any/test.cpp
index 03ebd7023b8..1edf99b2c3b 100644
--- a/tests/std/tests/GH_000685_condition_variable_any/test.cpp
+++ b/tests/std/tests/GH_000685_condition_variable_any/test.cpp
@@ -2,13 +2,21 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 
 // Test GH-685 "wait_for in condition_variable_any should unlock and lock"
+// Test LWG-4301 "condition_variable{_any}::wait_{for, until} should take timeout by value"
 
+#include <atomic>
 #include <cassert>
 #include <chrono>
 #include <condition_variable>
+#include <cstdio>
 #include <mutex>
+#include <thread>
 #include <type_traits>
 
+#if _HAS_CXX20
+#include <stop_token>
+#endif // _HAS_CXX20
+
 using namespace std;
 using namespace std::chrono;
 
@@ -79,9 +87,135 @@ namespace {
         assert(m.num_locks() == 4);
 #endif // _HAS_CXX20
     }
+
+    // Minimal example inspired by LWG-4301, modified due to missing std::latch before C++20
+    // and generalized to test all overloads of condition_variable{_any}::wait_{for, until}.
+    // Idea: Make the main thread wait for a CV with a short timeout and modify it from another thread in the meantime.
+    // If the main thread wait times out after a short time, the modification did not influence the ongoing wait.
+    template <typename CV>
+    void test_timeout_immutable(const int test_number, const int retries_remaining = 5) {
+        printf("\ntest %d\n", test_number);
+
+        mutex m;
+        CV cv;
+        unique_lock<mutex> main_lock(m); // Prevent other thread from modifying timeout too early
+
+        // Start with very short timeout and let other_thread change it to very large while main thread is waiting
+        constexpr auto short_timeout = 1s;
+        constexpr auto long_timeout  = 10s;
+
+        atomic_flag waiting_for_other_thread{};
+        waiting_for_other_thread.test_and_set();
+
+        const auto wait_start = steady_clock::now();
+        auto timeout_duration = short_timeout;
+        auto timeout          = wait_start + timeout_duration;
+
+        const auto set_timeout = [&](const auto new_timeout) {
+            timeout_duration = new_timeout;
+            timeout          = steady_clock::now() + new_timeout;
+        };
+
+        thread other_thread([&] {
+            printf(
+                "thread start after %lld ms\n", duration_cast<milliseconds>(steady_clock::now() - wait_start).count());
+            waiting_for_other_thread.clear();
+            // Immediately blocks since the main thread owns the mutex m.
+            lock_guard<mutex> other_lock(m);
+            puts("thread lock");
+
+            // If the timeout provided to condition_variable{_any}::wait_{for, until} was mutable,
+            // we will get timeout in the main thread after much longer time
+            set_timeout(long_timeout);
+            puts("thread end");
+        });
+
+        while (waiting_for_other_thread.test_and_set()) {
+            this_thread::yield(); // freeze the main thread from proceeding until other thread is started
+        }
+        printf("main resumed after %lld ms\n", duration_cast<milliseconds>(steady_clock::now() - wait_start).count());
+        set_timeout(short_timeout);
+
+        puts("main waiting");
+        const bool cv_wait_timed_out = [&] {
+            switch (test_number) {
+            case 0:
+                return cv.wait_until(main_lock, timeout) == cv_status::timeout;
+
+            case 1:
+                return cv.wait_until(main_lock, timeout, [] { return false; }) == false;
+
+            case 2:
+                return cv.wait_for(main_lock, timeout_duration) == cv_status::timeout;
+
+            case 3:
+                return cv.wait_for(main_lock, timeout_duration, [] { return false; }) == false;
+
+#if _HAS_CXX20 // because of stop_token
+            case 4:
+                if constexpr (is_same_v<CV, condition_variable_any>) {
+                    stop_source source;
+                    return cv.wait_until(main_lock, source.get_token(), timeout, [] { return false; }) == false;
+                } else {
+                    assert(false); // test not supported for std::condition_variable
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+            case 5:
+                if constexpr (is_same_v<CV, condition_variable_any>) {
+                    stop_source source;
+                    return cv.wait_for(main_lock, source.get_token(), timeout_duration, [] { return false; }) == false;
+                } else {
+                    assert(false); // test not supported for std::condition_variable
+                    return false;
+                }
+#endif // _HAS_CXX20
+
+            default:
+                assert(false);
+                return false;
+            }
+        }();
+
+        const auto elapsed = steady_clock::now() - wait_start;
+
+        if (!cv_wait_timed_out) {
+            if (retries_remaining > 0) {
+                printf("unexpected wakeup after %lld ms, retry %d...\n", duration_cast<milliseconds>(elapsed).count(),
+                    retries_remaining);
+                test_timeout_immutable<CV>(test_number, retries_remaining - 1); // recurse to try the test again
+            } else {
+                puts("Too many unexpected wakeups");
+                assert(false);
+            }
+        } else {
+            assert(elapsed < long_timeout / 2);
+            printf("wait end after %lld ms\n", duration_cast<milliseconds>(elapsed).count());
+        }
+
+        // Make sure the child thread has indeed finished (so the next join does not block)
+        assert(timeout_duration == long_timeout);
+        other_thread.join();
+    }
 } // unnamed namespace
 
 int main() {
     test_condition_variable_any();
     test_condition_variable_any_already_timed_out();
+
+    puts("condition_variable");
+    test_timeout_immutable<condition_variable>(0);
+    test_timeout_immutable<condition_variable>(1);
+    test_timeout_immutable<condition_variable>(2);
+    test_timeout_immutable<condition_variable>(3);
+
+    puts("condition_variable_any");
+    test_timeout_immutable<condition_variable_any>(0);
+    test_timeout_immutable<condition_variable_any>(1);
+    test_timeout_immutable<condition_variable_any>(2);
+    test_timeout_immutable<condition_variable_any>(3);
+#if _HAS_CXX20
+    test_timeout_immutable<condition_variable_any>(4);
+    test_timeout_immutable<condition_variable_any>(5);
+#endif // _HAS_CXX20
 }