DallasTemperature.cpp

// This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
// modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
// License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
// version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

// Version 3.7.2 modified on Dec 6, 2011 to support Arduino 1.0
// See Includes...
// Modified by Jordan Hochenbaum

#include "DallasTemperature.h"


#if ARDUINO >= 100
#include "Arduino.h"
#else
extern "C" {
#include "WConstants.h"
}
#endif

DallasTemperature::DallasTemperature() 
#if REQUIRESALARMS
: _AlarmHandler(&defaultAlarmHandler)
#endif 
{
	useExternalPullup = false;
}

DallasTemperature::DallasTemperature(OneWire* _oneWire) : DallasTemperature()
{
 setOneWire(_oneWire);
}

DallasTemperature::DallasTemperature(OneWire* _oneWire, uint8_t _pullupPin) : DallasTemperature(_oneWire)
{
 setPullupPin(_pullupPin);
}

void DallasTemperature::setPullupPin(uint8_t _pullupPin) {
	useExternalPullup = true; 
	pullupPin = _pullupPin;
	pinMode(pullupPin, OUTPUT);
	deactivateExternalPullup();
}
	
void DallasTemperature::setOneWire(OneWire* _oneWire){

 _wire = _oneWire;
 devices = 0;
 parasite = false;
 bitResolution = 9;
 waitForConversion = true;
 checkForConversion = true;
}

// initialise the bus
void DallasTemperature::begin(void){

 DeviceAddress deviceAddress;

 _wire->reset_search();
 devices = 0; // Reset the number of devices when we enumerate wire devices

 while (_wire->search(deviceAddress)){

 if (validAddress(deviceAddress)){

 if (!parasite && readPowerSupply(deviceAddress)) parasite = true;

 ScratchPad scratchPad;

 readScratchPad(deviceAddress, scratchPad);

 bitResolution = max(bitResolution, getResolution(deviceAddress));

 devices++;
 }
 }

}

// returns the number of devices found on the bus
uint8_t DallasTemperature::getDeviceCount(void){
 return devices;
}

// returns true if address is valid
bool DallasTemperature::validAddress(const uint8_t* deviceAddress){
 return (_wire->crc8(deviceAddress, 7) == deviceAddress[7]);
}

// finds an address at a given index on the bus
// returns true if the device was found
bool DallasTemperature::getAddress(uint8_t* deviceAddress, uint8_t index){

 uint8_t depth = 0;

 _wire->reset_search();

 while (depth <= index && _wire->search(deviceAddress)) {
 if (depth == index && validAddress(deviceAddress)) return true;
 depth++;
 }

 return false;

}

// attempt to determine if the device at the given address is connected to the bus
bool DallasTemperature::isConnected(const uint8_t* deviceAddress){

 ScratchPad scratchPad;
 return isConnected(deviceAddress, scratchPad);

}

// attempt to determine if the device at the given address is connected to the bus
// also allows for updating the read scratchpad
bool DallasTemperature::isConnected(const uint8_t* deviceAddress, uint8_t* scratchPad)
{
 bool b = readScratchPad(deviceAddress, scratchPad);
 return b && (_wire->crc8(scratchPad, 8) == scratchPad[SCRATCHPAD_CRC]);
}

bool DallasTemperature::readScratchPad(const uint8_t* deviceAddress, uint8_t* scratchPad){

 // send the reset command and fail fast
 int b = _wire->reset();
 if (b == 0) return false;

 _wire->select(deviceAddress);
 _wire->write(READSCRATCH);

 // Read all registers in a simple loop
 // byte 0: temperature LSB
 // byte 1: temperature MSB
 // byte 2: high alarm temp
 // byte 3: low alarm temp
 // byte 4: DS18S20: store for crc
 // DS18B20 & DS1822: configuration register
 // byte 5: internal use & crc
 // byte 6: DS18S20: COUNT_REMAIN
 // DS18B20 & DS1822: store for crc
 // byte 7: DS18S20: COUNT_PER_C
 // DS18B20 & DS1822: store for crc
 // byte 8: SCRATCHPAD_CRC
 for(uint8_t i = 0; i < 9; i++){
 scratchPad[i] = _wire->read();
 }

 b = _wire->reset();
 return (b == 1);
}


void DallasTemperature::writeScratchPad(const uint8_t* deviceAddress, const uint8_t* scratchPad){

 _wire->reset();
 _wire->select(deviceAddress);
 _wire->write(WRITESCRATCH);
 _wire->write(scratchPad[HIGH_ALARM_TEMP]); // high alarm temp
 _wire->write(scratchPad[LOW_ALARM_TEMP]); // low alarm temp

 // DS1820 and DS18S20 have no configuration register
 if (deviceAddress[0] != DS18S20MODEL) _wire->write(scratchPad[CONFIGURATION]);

 _wire->reset();
 _wire->select(deviceAddress);

 // save the newly written values to eeprom
 _wire->write(COPYSCRATCH, parasite);

 if (parasite) {
		activateExternalPullup();
		delay(10); // 10ms delay	
		deactivateExternalPullup();
	}
 _wire->reset();

}

bool DallasTemperature::readPowerSupply(const uint8_t* deviceAddress){

 bool ret = false;
 _wire->reset();
 _wire->select(deviceAddress);
 _wire->write(READPOWERSUPPLY);
 if (_wire->read_bit() == 0) ret = true;
 _wire->reset();
 return ret;

}


// set resolution of all devices to 9, 10, 11, or 12 bits
// if new resolution is out of range, it is constrained.
void DallasTemperature::setResolution(uint8_t newResolution){

 bitResolution = constrain(newResolution, 9, 12);
 DeviceAddress deviceAddress;
 for (int i=0; i<devices; i++)
 {
 getAddress(deviceAddress, i);
 setResolution(deviceAddress, bitResolution);
 }

}

// set resolution of a device to 9, 10, 11, or 12 bits
// if new resolution is out of range, 9 bits is used.
bool DallasTemperature::setResolution(const uint8_t* deviceAddress, uint8_t newResolution){

 ScratchPad scratchPad;
 if (isConnected(deviceAddress, scratchPad)){

 // DS1820 and DS18S20 have no resolution configuration register
 if (deviceAddress[0] != DS18S20MODEL){

 switch (newResolution){
 case 12:
 scratchPad[CONFIGURATION] = TEMP_12_BIT;
 break;
 case 11:
 scratchPad[CONFIGURATION] = TEMP_11_BIT;
 break;
 case 10:
 scratchPad[CONFIGURATION] = TEMP_10_BIT;
 break;
 case 9:
 default:
 scratchPad[CONFIGURATION] = TEMP_9_BIT;
 break;
 }
 writeScratchPad(deviceAddress, scratchPad);
 }
 return true; // new value set
 }

 return false;

}

// returns the global resolution
uint8_t DallasTemperature::getResolution(){
 return bitResolution;
}

// returns the current resolution of the device, 9-12
// returns 0 if device not found
uint8_t DallasTemperature::getResolution(const uint8_t* deviceAddress){

 // DS1820 and DS18S20 have no resolution configuration register
 if (deviceAddress[0] == DS18S20MODEL) return 12;

 ScratchPad scratchPad;
 if (isConnected(deviceAddress, scratchPad))
 {
 switch (scratchPad[CONFIGURATION])
 {
 case TEMP_12_BIT:
 return 12;

 case TEMP_11_BIT:
 return 11;

 case TEMP_10_BIT:
 return 10;

 case TEMP_9_BIT:
 return 9;
 }
 }
 return 0;

}


// sets the value of the waitForConversion flag
// TRUE : function requestTemperature() etc returns when conversion is ready
// FALSE: function requestTemperature() etc returns immediately (USE WITH CARE!!)
// (1) programmer has to check if the needed delay has passed
// (2) but the application can do meaningful things in that time
void DallasTemperature::setWaitForConversion(bool flag){
 waitForConversion = flag;
}

// gets the value of the waitForConversion flag
bool DallasTemperature::getWaitForConversion(){
 return waitForConversion;
}


// sets the value of the checkForConversion flag
// TRUE : function requestTemperature() etc will 'listen' to an IC to determine whether a conversion is complete
// FALSE: function requestTemperature() etc will wait a set time (worst case scenario) for a conversion to complete
void DallasTemperature::setCheckForConversion(bool flag){
 checkForConversion = flag;
}

// gets the value of the waitForConversion flag
bool DallasTemperature::getCheckForConversion(){
 return checkForConversion;
}

bool DallasTemperature::isConversionAvailable(const uint8_t* deviceAddress){

 // Check if the clock has been raised indicating the conversion is complete
 ScratchPad scratchPad;
 readScratchPad(deviceAddress, scratchPad);
 return scratchPad[0];

}

// sends command for all devices on the bus to perform a temperature conversion
void DallasTemperature::requestTemperatures(){

 _wire->reset();
 _wire->skip();
 _wire->write(STARTCONVO, parasite);

 // ASYNC mode?
 if (!waitForConversion) return;

 blockTillConversionComplete(bitResolution, NULL);
}

// sends command for one device to perform a temperature by address
// returns FALSE if device is disconnected
// returns TRUE otherwise
bool DallasTemperature::requestTemperaturesByAddress(const uint8_t* deviceAddress){

 uint8_t bitResolution = getResolution(deviceAddress);
 if (bitResolution == 0){
 return false; //Device disconnected
 }

 if (_wire->reset() == 0){
 return false;
 }

 _wire->select(deviceAddress);
 _wire->write(STARTCONVO, parasite);


 // ASYNC mode?
 if (!waitForConversion) return true;
		
 blockTillConversionComplete(bitResolution, deviceAddress);
 return true;
}


// Continue to check if the IC has responded with a temperature
void DallasTemperature::blockTillConversionComplete(uint8_t bitResolution, const uint8_t* deviceAddress){
 
 int delms = millisToWaitForConversion(bitResolution);
 if (deviceAddress != NULL && checkForConversion && !parasite){
 unsigned long now = millis();
 while(!isConversionAvailable(deviceAddress) && (millis() - delms < now));
 } else {
		activateExternalPullup();
 delay(delms);
		deactivateExternalPullup();
 }
 
}

// returns number of milliseconds to wait till conversion is complete (based on IC datasheet)
int16_t DallasTemperature::millisToWaitForConversion(uint8_t bitResolution){

 switch (bitResolution){
 case 9:
 return 94;
 case 10:
 return 188;
 case 11:
 return 375;
 default:
 return 750;
 }

}

void DallasTemperature::activateExternalPullup() {
	if(useExternalPullup)
		digitalWrite(pullupPin, LOW);
}

void DallasTemperature::deactivateExternalPullup() {
	if(useExternalPullup)
		digitalWrite(pullupPin, HIGH);
}

// sends command for one device to perform a temp conversion by index
bool DallasTemperature::requestTemperaturesByIndex(uint8_t deviceIndex){

 DeviceAddress deviceAddress;
 getAddress(deviceAddress, deviceIndex);

 return requestTemperaturesByAddress(deviceAddress);

}

// Fetch temperature for device index
float DallasTemperature::getTempCByIndex(uint8_t deviceIndex){

 DeviceAddress deviceAddress;
 if (!getAddress(deviceAddress, deviceIndex)){
 return DEVICE_DISCONNECTED_C;
 }

 return getTempC((uint8_t*)deviceAddress);

}

// Fetch temperature for device index
float DallasTemperature::getTempFByIndex(uint8_t deviceIndex){

 DeviceAddress deviceAddress;

 if (!getAddress(deviceAddress, deviceIndex)){
 return DEVICE_DISCONNECTED_F;
 }

 return getTempF((uint8_t*)deviceAddress);

}

// reads scratchpad and returns fixed-point temperature, scaling factor 2^-7
int16_t DallasTemperature::calculateTemperature(const uint8_t* deviceAddress, uint8_t* scratchPad){

 int16_t fpTemperature =
 (((int16_t) scratchPad[TEMP_MSB]) << 11) |
 (((int16_t) scratchPad[TEMP_LSB]) << 3);

 /*
 DS1820 and DS18S20 have a 9-bit temperature register.

 Resolutions greater than 9-bit can be calculated using the data from
 the temperature, and COUNT REMAIN and COUNT PER °C registers in the
 scratchpad. The resolution of the calculation depends on the model.

 While the COUNT PER °C register is hard-wired to 16 (10h) in a
 DS18S20, it changes with temperature in DS1820.

 After reading the scratchpad, the TEMP_READ value is obtained by
 truncating the 0.5°C bit (bit 0) from the temperature data. The
 extended resolution temperature can then be calculated using the
 following equation:

 COUNT_PER_C - COUNT_REMAIN
 TEMPERATURE = TEMP_READ - 0.25 + --------------------------
 COUNT_PER_C

 Hagai Shatz simplified this to integer arithmetic for a 12 bits
 value for a DS18S20, and James Cameron added legacy DS1820 support.

 See - http://myarduinotoy.blogspot.co.uk/2013/02/12bit-result-from-ds18s20.html
 */

 if (deviceAddress[0] == DS18S20MODEL){
 fpTemperature = ((fpTemperature & 0xfff0) << 3) - 16 +
 (
 ((scratchPad[COUNT_PER_C] - scratchPad[COUNT_REMAIN]) << 7) /
 scratchPad[COUNT_PER_C]
 );
 }

 return fpTemperature;
}


// returns temperature in 1/128 degrees C or DEVICE_DISCONNECTED_RAW if the
// device's scratch pad cannot be read successfully.
// the numeric value of DEVICE_DISCONNECTED_RAW is defined in
// DallasTemperature.h. It is a large negative number outside the
// operating range of the device
int16_t DallasTemperature::getTemp(const uint8_t* deviceAddress){

 ScratchPad scratchPad;
 if (isConnected(deviceAddress, scratchPad)) return calculateTemperature(deviceAddress, scratchPad);
 return DEVICE_DISCONNECTED_RAW;

}

// returns temperature in degrees C or DEVICE_DISCONNECTED_C if the
// device's scratch pad cannot be read successfully.
// the numeric value of DEVICE_DISCONNECTED_C is defined in
// DallasTemperature.h. It is a large negative number outside the
// operating range of the device
float DallasTemperature::getTempC(const uint8_t* deviceAddress){
 return rawToCelsius(getTemp(deviceAddress));
}

// returns temperature in degrees F or DEVICE_DISCONNECTED_F if the
// device's scratch pad cannot be read successfully.
// the numeric value of DEVICE_DISCONNECTED_F is defined in
// DallasTemperature.h. It is a large negative number outside the
// operating range of the device
float DallasTemperature::getTempF(const uint8_t* deviceAddress){
 return rawToFahrenheit(getTemp(deviceAddress));
}

// returns true if the bus requires parasite power
bool DallasTemperature::isParasitePowerMode(void){
 return parasite;
}


// IF alarm is not used one can store a 16 bit int of userdata in the alarm
// registers. E.g. an ID of the sensor.
// See github issue #29

// note if device is not connected it will fail writing the data.
void DallasTemperature::setUserData(const uint8_t* deviceAddress, int16_t data)
{
 ScratchPad scratchPad;
 if (isConnected(deviceAddress, scratchPad))
 {
 scratchPad[HIGH_ALARM_TEMP] = data >> 8;
 scratchPad[LOW_ALARM_TEMP] = data & 255;
 writeScratchPad(deviceAddress, scratchPad);
 }
}

int16_t DallasTemperature::getUserData(const uint8_t* deviceAddress)
{
 int16_t data = 0;
 ScratchPad scratchPad;
 if (isConnected(deviceAddress, scratchPad))
 {
 data = scratchPad[HIGH_ALARM_TEMP] << 8;
 data += scratchPad[LOW_ALARM_TEMP];
 }
 return data;
}

// note If address cannot be found no error will be reported.
int16_t DallasTemperature::getUserDataByIndex(uint8_t deviceIndex)
{
 DeviceAddress deviceAddress;
 getAddress(deviceAddress, deviceIndex);
 return getUserData((uint8_t*) deviceAddress);
}

void DallasTemperature::setUserDataByIndex(uint8_t deviceIndex, int16_t data)
{
 DeviceAddress deviceAddress;
 getAddress(deviceAddress, deviceIndex);
 setUserData((uint8_t*) deviceAddress, data);
}


// Convert float Celsius to Fahrenheit
float DallasTemperature::toFahrenheit(float celsius){
 return (celsius * 1.8) + 32;
}

// Convert float Fahrenheit to Celsius
float DallasTemperature::toCelsius(float fahrenheit){
 return (fahrenheit - 32) * 0.555555556;
}

// convert from raw to Celsius
float DallasTemperature::rawToCelsius(int16_t raw){

 if (raw <= DEVICE_DISCONNECTED_RAW)
 return DEVICE_DISCONNECTED_C;
 // C = RAW/128
 return (float)raw * 0.0078125;

}

// convert from raw to Fahrenheit
float DallasTemperature::rawToFahrenheit(int16_t raw){

 if (raw <= DEVICE_DISCONNECTED_RAW)
 return DEVICE_DISCONNECTED_F;
 // C = RAW/128
 // F = (C*1.8)+32 = (RAW/128*1.8)+32 = (RAW*0.0140625)+32
 return ((float)raw * 0.0140625) + 32;

}

#if REQUIRESALARMS

/*

ALARMS:

TH and TL Register Format

BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0
S 2^6 2^5 2^4 2^3 2^2 2^1 2^0

Only bits 11 through 4 of the temperature register are used
in the TH and TL comparison since TH and TL are 8-bit
registers. If the measured temperature is lower than or equal
to TL or higher than or equal to TH, an alarm condition exists
and an alarm flag is set inside the DS18B20. This flag is
updated after every temperature measurement; therefore, if the
alarm condition goes away, the flag will be turned off after
the next temperature conversion.

*/

// sets the high alarm temperature for a device in degrees Celsius
// accepts a float, but the alarm resolution will ignore anything
// after a decimal point. valid range is -55C - 125C
void DallasTemperature::setHighAlarmTemp(const uint8_t* deviceAddress, char celsius){

 // make sure the alarm temperature is within the device's range
 if (celsius > 125) celsius = 125;
 else if (celsius < -55) celsius = -55;

 ScratchPad scratchPad;
 if (isConnected(deviceAddress, scratchPad)){
 scratchPad[HIGH_ALARM_TEMP] = (uint8_t)celsius;
 writeScratchPad(deviceAddress, scratchPad);
 }

}

// sets the low alarm temperature for a device in degrees Celsius
// accepts a float, but the alarm resolution will ignore anything
// after a decimal point. valid range is -55C - 125C
void DallasTemperature::setLowAlarmTemp(const uint8_t* deviceAddress, char celsius){
 // make sure the alarm temperature is within the device's range
 if (celsius > 125) celsius = 125;
 else if (celsius < -55) celsius = -55;

 ScratchPad scratchPad;
 if (isConnected(deviceAddress, scratchPad)){
 scratchPad[LOW_ALARM_TEMP] = (uint8_t)celsius;
 writeScratchPad(deviceAddress, scratchPad);
 }

}

// returns a char with the current high alarm temperature or
// DEVICE_DISCONNECTED for an address
char DallasTemperature::getHighAlarmTemp(const uint8_t* deviceAddress){

 ScratchPad scratchPad;
 if (isConnected(deviceAddress, scratchPad)) return (char)scratchPad[HIGH_ALARM_TEMP];
 return DEVICE_DISCONNECTED_C;

}

// returns a char with the current low alarm temperature or
// DEVICE_DISCONNECTED for an address
char DallasTemperature::getLowAlarmTemp(const uint8_t* deviceAddress){

 ScratchPad scratchPad;
 if (isConnected(deviceAddress, scratchPad)) return (char)scratchPad[LOW_ALARM_TEMP];
 return DEVICE_DISCONNECTED_C;

}

// resets internal variables used for the alarm search
void DallasTemperature::resetAlarmSearch(){

 alarmSearchJunction = -1;
 alarmSearchExhausted = 0;
 for(uint8_t i = 0; i < 7; i++){
 alarmSearchAddress[i] = 0;
 }

}

// This is a modified version of the OneWire::search method.
//
// Also added the OneWire search fix documented here:
// http://www.arduino.cc/cgi-bin/yabb2/YaBB.pl?num=1238032295
//
// Perform an alarm search. If this function returns a '1' then it has
// enumerated the next device and you may retrieve the ROM from the
// OneWire::address variable. If there are no devices, no further
// devices, or something horrible happens in the middle of the
// enumeration then a 0 is returned. If a new device is found then
// its address is copied to newAddr. Use
// DallasTemperature::resetAlarmSearch() to start over.
bool DallasTemperature::alarmSearch(uint8_t* newAddr){

 uint8_t i;
 char lastJunction = -1;
 uint8_t done = 1;

 if (alarmSearchExhausted) return false;
 if (!_wire->reset()) return false;

 // send the alarm search command
 _wire->write(0xEC, 0);

 for(i = 0; i < 64; i++){

 uint8_t a = _wire->read_bit( );
 uint8_t nota = _wire->read_bit( );
 uint8_t ibyte = i / 8;
 uint8_t ibit = 1 << (i & 7);

 // I don't think this should happen, this means nothing responded, but maybe if
 // something vanishes during the search it will come up.
 if (a && nota) return false;

 if (!a && !nota){
 if (i == alarmSearchJunction){
 // this is our time to decide differently, we went zero last time, go one.
 a = 1;
 alarmSearchJunction = lastJunction;
 }else if (i < alarmSearchJunction){

 // take whatever we took last time, look in address
 if (alarmSearchAddress[ibyte] & ibit){
 a = 1;
 }else{
 // Only 0s count as pending junctions, we've already exhausted the 0 side of 1s
 a = 0;
 done = 0;
 lastJunction = i;
 }
 }else{
 // we are blazing new tree, take the 0
 a = 0;
 alarmSearchJunction = i;
 done = 0;
 }
 // OneWire search fix
 // See: http://www.arduino.cc/cgi-bin/yabb2/YaBB.pl?num=1238032295
 }

 if (a) alarmSearchAddress[ibyte] |= ibit;
 else alarmSearchAddress[ibyte] &= ~ibit;

 _wire->write_bit(a);
 }

 if (done) alarmSearchExhausted = 1;
 for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) newAddr[i] = alarmSearchAddress[i];
 return true;

}

// returns true if device address might have an alarm condition
// (only an alarm search can verify this)
bool DallasTemperature::hasAlarm(const uint8_t* deviceAddress){

 ScratchPad scratchPad;
 if (isConnected(deviceAddress, scratchPad)){

 char temp = calculateTemperature(deviceAddress, scratchPad) >> 7;

 // check low alarm
 if (temp <= (char)scratchPad[LOW_ALARM_TEMP]) return true;

 // check high alarm
 if (temp >= (char)scratchPad[HIGH_ALARM_TEMP]) return true;
 }

 // no alarm
 return false;

}

// returns true if any device is reporting an alarm condition on the bus
bool DallasTemperature::hasAlarm(void){

 DeviceAddress deviceAddress;
 resetAlarmSearch();
 return alarmSearch(deviceAddress);

}

// runs the alarm handler for all devices returned by alarmSearch()
void DallasTemperature::processAlarms(void){

 resetAlarmSearch();
 DeviceAddress alarmAddr;

 while (alarmSearch(alarmAddr)){

 if (validAddress(alarmAddr)){
 _AlarmHandler(alarmAddr);
 }

 }
}

// sets the alarm handler
void DallasTemperature::setAlarmHandler(AlarmHandler *handler){
 _AlarmHandler = handler;
}

// The default alarm handler
void DallasTemperature::defaultAlarmHandler(const uint8_t* deviceAddress){}

#endif

#if REQUIRESNEW

// MnetCS - Allocates memory for DallasTemperature. Allows us to instance a new object
void* DallasTemperature::operator new(unsigned int size){ // Implicit NSS obj size

 void * p; // void pointer
 p = malloc(size); // Allocate memory
 memset((DallasTemperature*)p,0,size); // Initialise memory

 //!!! CANT EXPLICITLY CALL CONSTRUCTOR - workaround by using an init() methodR - workaround by using an init() method
 return (DallasTemperature*) p; // Cast blank region to NSS pointer
}

// MnetCS 2009 - Free the memory used by this instance
void DallasTemperature::operator delete(void* p){

 DallasTemperature* pNss = (DallasTemperature*) p; // Cast to NSS pointer
 pNss->~DallasTemperature(); // Destruct the object

 free(p); // Free the memory
}

#endif