Most of programming is really just taking data from place A, transforming it, and putting it in place B.
90% of real-world programs are database frontends, held by duct tape.
The march of nines: Achieving 90%, 99%, 99.9%, or 99.99%... means stacking nines — and each new one takes as much work as all the previous ones combined.
- Frameworks
- Libraries
- Other
- Bundlers
- Technologies
- Libraries
- Other
- Concepts
- Queries
- Optimization
- Systems
- ORMs
- Premature Optimzation
- Graphs
- Dependency Injection
- Naming Conventions
- No nesting
- No comments
- Algorithms
- Code Golf
- React Native (React, Javascript)
- Native Script (XML, Javascript)
- Flutter (Dart)
- vim - editor
- tmux - terminal windows multiplexer
- grep - search
- fzf - fuzzy finder
- bash - scripting
- ssh - remote access
- rsync - file transfer
- cron - scheduling
- gzip - compression
- ffmpeg - video & audio
- Best practices
- JSON Web Tokens (JWT)
- SQL Injection
- Cross Site Scripting (XSS)
- Cross Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
- Cross-origin resource sharing (CORS)
- Electronics
- Terminology
- Communication Protocols
- Components
- RFID
Good product
If you can build a product that is so good, people spontaneosly tell their friends about it, you've done 80% of the work you need to be a really successful startup.
The most successful companies you know, you've probably found out about them because a friend of your's said "You have to try this, it's great!".
One important indicator for a product like that is a product that's simple to explain and easy to understand.
If you can't explain in a few words what you do, and some people say "Oh, that's pretty interesting...", it's a mistake, and usually a sign of unclear thinking, or a need that is not big enough.
Solopreneur
You need 3 things:
- Going all-in on either (outsource the rest):
- distribution (sales, influencer, content).
- product (coding, design).
- Expertise in a technical skill, be it copywriting, design, coding, finance...
- Leverage, in the forms of code, media or capital. You can't use labor.
Dependency 2
Interruption 1
Interruption 2
| Year | Invention | Inventor(s) |
|---|---|---|
| 1969 | UNIX (operating system) | Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie |
| 1979 | VisiCalc (spreadsheet) | Dan Bricklin, Bob Frankston |
| 1983 | GNU Project (free software movement + tools) | Richard Stallman |
| 1985 | Windows 1.0 | Microsoft |
| 1991 | Linux kernel | Linus Torvalds |
| 1993 | Mosaic (web browser) | Marc Andreessen, Eric Bina |
| 1994 | Netscape Navigator | Netscape |
| 1995 | Internet Explorer | Microsoft |
| 1998 | Google Search | |
| 2001 | Wikipedia | Wikimedia Foundation |
| 2004 | ||
| 2005 | YouTube | YouTube |
| 2006 | ||
| 2008 | Google Chrome | |
| 2008 | Android | |
| 2010 | ||
| 2011 | iOS (modern mobile OS maturity era) | Apple |
| 2014 | Docker | Solomon Hykes |
| 2016 | Kubernetes |
| Year | Invention | Inventor(s) |
|---|---|---|
| 1947 | Assembly language | Kathleen Booth |
| 1952 | Compiler | Grace Hopper |
| 1957 | FORTRAN | John Backus |
| 1958 | LISP | John McCarthy |
| 1959 | COBOL | Grace Hopper and committee |
| 1964 | BASIC | John Kemeny, Thomas Kurtz |
| 1969 | UNIX (programming environment influence) | Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie |
| 1970 | Pascal | Niklaus Wirth |
| 1972 | C programming language | Dennis Ritchie |
| 1972 | Smalltalk (object-oriented programming) | Alan Kay, Adele Goldberg, others |
| 1974 | SQL | Donald D. Chamberlin, Raymond F. Boyce |
| 1983 | C++ | Bjarne Stroustrup |
| 1987 | Perl | Larry Wall |
| 1991 | Python | Guido van Rossum |
| 1995 | Java | James Gosling |
| 1995 | JavaScript | Brendan Eich |
| 1995 | PHP | Rasmus Lerdorf |
| 2000 | C# | Anders Hejlsberg |
| 2009 | Go | |
| 2014 | Swift | Apple |
| 2014 | Rust | Graydon Hoare |
| Year | Invention | Inventor(s) |
|---|---|---|
| 1965 | Packet switching (concept) | Paul Baran, Donald Davies |
| 1969 | ARPANET | Larry Roberts and team |
| 1971 | Network email | Ray Tomlinson |
| 1973 | Ethernet | Robert Metcalfe |
| 1974 | TCP/IP | Vint Cerf, Bob Kahn |
| 1978 | TCP/IP split into TCP and IP | Vint Cerf, Jon Postel, Danny Cohen |
| 1983 | Domain Name System (DNS) | Paul Mockapetris |
| 1988 | BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) | Yakov Rekhter, Kirk Lougheed |
| 1989 | World Wide Web (infrastructure layer) | Tim Berners-Lee |
| 1991 | HTTP | Tim Berners-Lee |
| 1995 | SSL | Netscape |
| 1999 | Wi-Fi (802.11b) | IEEE |
| 2010 | 4G LTE | telecom industry consortiums |
| 2015 | HTTP/2 | IETF |
| 2018 | QUIC | |
| 2019 | 5G networks | telecom industry consortiums |
| Year | Invention | Inventor(s) |
|---|---|---|
| 1801 | Jacquard punch-card control | Joseph Marie Jacquard |
| 1822 | Difference Engine | Charles Babbage |
| 1837 | Analytical Engine | Charles Babbage |
| 1884 | Tabulating Machine | Herman Hollerith |
| 1939 | Atanasoff–Berry Computer (ABC) | John Atanasoff, Clifford Berry |
| 1941 | Z3 (programmable digital computer) | Konrad Zuse |
| 1943 | Colossus | Tommy Flowers |
| 1945 | ENIAC | J. Presper Eckert, John Mauchly |
| 1947 | Transistor | John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, William Shockley |
| 1948 | Manchester Baby (first stored-program computer) | Frederic C. Williams, Tom Kilburn |
| 1951 | UNIVAC I (first commercial computer) | Eckert–Mauchly team |
| 1956 | Hard Disk Drive (IBM 305 RAMAC) | IBM team |
| 1958 | Integrated Circuit | Jack Kilby, Robert Noyce |
| 1963 | Computer mouse (prototype) | Douglas Engelbart |
| 1965 | DRAM (dynamic random-access memory) | Robert H. Dennard |
| 1969 | CCD (charge-coupled device) | Willard Boyle, George E. Smith |
| 1970 | EPROM (erasable programmable ROM) | Dov Frohman |
| 1971 | Microprocessor (Intel 4004) | Ted Hoff, Federico Faggin, others |
| 1974 | 8080 microprocessor | Intel team |
| 1976 | Cray-1 supercomputer | Seymour Cray |
| 1977 | Apple II | Apple |
| 1977 | TRS-80 | Tandy Corporation |
| 1981 | IBM PC (mass-market personal computer) | IBM team |
| 1982 | Commodore 64 | Commodore International |
| 1984 | Macintosh | Apple |
| 1985 | ARM architecture | Sophie Wilson, Steve Furber |
| 1989 | Sound Blaster (PC sound card standard) | Creative Technology |
| 1991 | Lithium-ion battery (commercialization) | Sony team |
| 1993 | Pentium processor | Intel |
| 1996 | USB (Universal Serial Bus) | Intel and partners |
| 1998 | iMac | Apple |
| 1999 | GeForce 256 (first GPU) | NVIDIA |
| 2000 | USB flash drive | Dov Moran and others |
| 2001 | iPod | Apple |
| 2006 | Solid-state drive (modern SSD era) | Samsung and others |
| 2007 | iPhone | Apple |
| 2010 | iPad | Apple |
| 2016 | Tensor Processing Unit (TPU) | |
| Year | Invention | Inventor(s) |
|---|---|---|
| 1843 | First published computer algorithm | Ada Lovelace |
| 1854 | Boolean Algebra | George Boole |
| 1931 | Incompleteness Theorems | Kurt Gödel |
| 1936 | Turing Machine | Alan Turing |
| 1936 | Lambda Calculus | Alonzo Church |
| 1945 | Stored-program architecture (von Neumann architecture) | John von Neumann |
| 1948 | Information Theory | Claude Shannon |
| 1956 | Artificial Intelligence (field formalization, Dartmouth workshop) | John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, others |
| 1965 | Moore’s Law | Gordon Moore |
| 1967 | Dynamic Programming (formalization) | Richard Bellman |
| 1970 | Relational Database Model | Edgar F. Codd |
| 1971 | NP-Completeness (Cook–Levin theorem) | Stephen Cook, Leonid Levin |
| 1976 | Public-key cryptography | Whitfield Diffie, Martin Hellman |
| 1977 | RSA cryptosystem | Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir, Leonard Adleman |
| 1985 | Backpropagation (modern neural network training) | David Rumelhart, Geoffrey Hinton, Ronald Williams |
| 1995 | Support Vector Machines | Vladimir Vapnik, Corinna Cortes |
| 2001 | Randomized Algorithms (modern framework) | Rajeev Motwani and others |
| 2006–2012 | Deep learning breakthrough era | Geoffrey Hinton, Yann LeCun, Yoshua Bengio |
| 2012 | AlexNet (deep CNN breakthrough) | Alex Krizhevsky, Ilya Sutskever, Geoffrey Hinton |
| 2014 | GANs (Generative Adversarial Networks) | Ian Goodfellow |
| 2017 | Transformer architecture | Google research team |