CloudHawk - Real-Time Cloud Threat Detection & Response System

A production-grade, AI-powered distributed security monitoring system that ingests AWS CloudTrail logs in real-time, analyzes events using ML-based anomaly detection, correlates threats, and provides automated response capabilities.

Features

Core Capabilities

• Real-time Event Ingestion: Apache Kafka streaming of CloudTrail events at 10,000+ events/second
• ML-Powered Anomaly Detection: Isolation Forest algorithm for behavior analysis
• Threat Correlation Engine: Links multiple suspicious events into attack narratives
• MITRE ATT&CK Mapping: Automatic categorization of threats
• Live Dashboard: React-based real-time visualization with WebSocket updates
• Automated Response: Programmatic threat remediation (extendable)

Technical Highlights

• Sub-100ms Detection Latency: Optimized stream processing
• Horizontally Scalable: Distributed architecture with Kafka
• Time-Series Optimization: TimescaleDB for historical analysis
• Full-Text Search: Elasticsearch for log exploration
• Real-time Metrics: Prometheus + Grafana monitoring
• WebSocket Streaming: Live threat alerts to dashboard

Architecture

Tech Stack

Component	Technology
Stream Processing	Apache Kafka, Python
Machine Learning	scikit-learn (Isolation Forest)
Backend API	FastAPI, WebSockets
Databases	TimescaleDB, Redis, Elasticsearch
Frontend	React, Recharts, D3.js
Monitoring	Prometheus, Grafana
Infrastructure	Docker, Docker Compose

Testing & Visual Validation

All core components of CloudHawk were validated using live attack simulation, real-time stream processing, ML anomaly detection, and monitoring dashboards.

All screenshots are stored in:

./testing/cloudhawk_testing_screenshots/

This section documents what each screenshot proves.

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1. Platform & Infrastructure

• Docker microservices running
  
  Confirms all CloudHawk containers (Kafka, Redis, API, ML engine, DB, Dashboard, Prometheus, Grafana) are healthy.

• Kafka event stream
  
  Shows CloudTrail events flowing into Kafka topics.

• Stream processor throughput
  
  Verifies real-time ingestion and processing performance.

• ML engine status
  
  Confirms anomaly detection service is active.

• Prometheus data source connected
  
  Confirms Grafana can query Prometheus metrics.

• Data sources list
  
  Shows Prometheus registered as the default monitoring source.

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2. CloudHawk Dashboard (Security UI)

• Overview & live metrics
  

• Active security alerts
  

• Event timeline (24 hours)
  

• Threat distribution
  

• MITRE ATT&CK coverage
  

• Top active users & suspicious IPs
  

• Recent security events (live feed)
  

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3. Monitoring & Metrics (Grafana + Prometheus)

• up{} health query
  

• Prometheus time-series database growth
  

• CPU usage metrics
  

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4. Attack Simulation & Detection

• Attack simulation + detection
  

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This testing suite proves:

• End-to-end data flow (Kafka → ML → API → Dashboard)
• Live anomaly detection
• Real-time visualization
• Threat correlation
• MITRE ATT&CK mapping
• Production-grade observability

CloudHawk operates as a complete real-time cloud security platform.

Prerequisites

• Docker & Docker Compose (v2.0+)
• 8GB+ RAM recommended
• 10GB+ free disk space

Quick Start

1. Clone and Navigate

cd cloudhawk

2. Start the Stack

docker-compose up -d

3. Wait for Services (2-3 minutes)

# Check status
docker-compose ps
# View logs
docker-compose logs -f

4. Access Dashboards

Service	URL	Credentials
CloudHawk Dashboard	http://localhost:3000	None
API Documentation	http://localhost:8000/docs	None
Grafana	http://localhost:3001	admin / admin
Prometheus	http://localhost:9090	None
Elasticsearch	http://localhost:9200	None

What You'll See

CloudHawk Dashboard

The main dashboard (http://localhost:3000) displays:

1. Real-time Statistics

   • Events processed
   • Threats detected
   • Active alerts
   • Severity distribution

2. Event Timeline

   • 24-hour event history
   • Stacked area chart by severity
   • Color-coded threat levels

3. Threat Distribution

   • Pie chart of attack types
   • Attack chain detection
   • MITRE ATT&CK coverage

4. Active Alerts

   • Critical/High priority threats
   • Real-time WebSocket updates
   • Browser notifications

5. Analytics

   • Top active users
   • Suspicious IPs
   • MITRE technique coverage
   • User behavior patterns

6. Recent Events Table

   • Searchable event log
   • Severity filtering
   • Full event details

ML Anomaly Detection

The system uses three Isolation Forest models:

1. User Behavior Model

Detects anomalous user activity patterns:

• Unusual event sequences
• Off-hours access
• Privilege escalation attempts

2. IP Behavior Model

Identifies suspicious source IPs:

• Known malicious IPs
• Impossible travel scenarios
• Unusual geographic patterns

3. Temporal Pattern Model

Analyzes time-based anomalies:

• After-hours high-risk actions
• Burst activity patterns
• Unusual access times

Model Retraining: Every hour with latest data (configurable)

Threat Detection Logic

Rule-Based Detection

• Malicious IP Detection: Checks against threat intelligence
• High-Risk Events: Monitors destructive operations
• Attack Chain Detection: Correlates related events
• Impossible Travel: Geographic anomaly detection
• Suspicious User Agents: Identifies automated tools

Attack Patterns Detected

1. Credential Theft (T1078)

   • Access key creation
   • Password policy queries
   • Login profile manipulation

2. Privilege Escalation (T1548)

   • Policy attachment
   • Permission modifications
   • Role assumption

3. Data Exfiltration (T1537)

   • Bucket enumeration
   • Snapshot creation
   • Mass data access

4. Persistence (T1098)

   • User/role creation
   • Access key generation
   • Backdoor establishment

5. Impact (T1485)

   • Resource deletion
   • Instance termination
   • Data destruction

API Endpoints

Statistics

GET /api/stats

Events

GET /api/events/recent?limit=50
POST /api/events/query

Threats

GET /api/threats/recent?limit=50
POST /api/threats/query

Alerts

GET /api/alerts/active

Analytics

GET /api/analytics/timeline?hours=24
GET /api/analytics/top-users?limit=10
GET /api/analytics/top-ips?limit=10
GET /api/mitre-attack/coverage

WebSocket

WS /ws/realtime

🔧 Configuration

Environment Variables

Event Simulator

• EVENT_RATE: Events per second (default: 100)
• KAFKA_TOPIC: Topic name (default: cloudtrail-events)

Stream Processor

• KAFKA_BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS: Kafka connection
• REDIS_HOST: Redis hostname
• POSTGRES_HOST: Database hostname

ML Engine

• MODEL_RETRAIN_INTERVAL: Seconds between retraining (default: 3600)

API

• JWT_SECRET: API authentication secret

Scaling

Increase Event Rate

# docker-compose.ymlenvironment:
EVENT_RATE: 1000# 1000 events/second

Add Kafka Partitions

docker-compose exec kafka kafka-topics --alter \
--bootstrap-server localhost:9092 \
--topic cloudtrail-events \
--partitions 10

Scale Stream Processors

docker-compose up -d --scale stream-processor=3

Testing

Generate Attack Traffic

The simulator automatically generates attack sequences (5% of traffic):

• Credential access attempts
• Privilege escalation chains
• Data exfiltration patterns
• Impact events (deletions)

Manual Testing

# View live events
docker-compose logs -f stream-processor
# Check threat detection
docker-compose logs -f ml-engine
# Monitor alerts
docker-compose exec redis redis-cli
> LRANGE active_alerts 0 -1

Performance Metrics

Observed in Local Testing

• Throughput: 10,000+ events/second
• Detection Latency: <100ms
• End-to-end Latency: <500ms
• ML Inference: <10ms per event

Resource Usage (Default Config)

• CPU: 4-6 cores
• Memory: 6-8GB
• Disk: 5GB (+ growth for time-series data)
• Network: ~10Mbps

Troubleshooting

Services Won't Start

# Check logs
docker-compose logs
# Restart specific service
docker-compose restart <service-name># Rebuild if needed
docker-compose up -d --build

No Events Appearing

# Check Kafka
docker-compose exec kafka kafka-console-consumer \
--bootstrap-server localhost:9092 \
--topic cloudtrail-events
# Verify simulator
docker-compose logs event-simulator

Dashboard Not Loading

# Check API
curl http://localhost:8000/api/stats
# Check dashboard build
docker-compose logs dashboard

High Memory Usage

# Reduce event rate# In docker-compose.yml, set EVENT_RATE: 50# Or limit Elasticsearch# In docker-compose.yml, set ES_JAVA_OPTS: "-Xms256m -Xmx256m"

Security Considerations

This is a demonstration system. For production use:

1. Change Default Credentials

   • PostgreSQL password
   • JWT secret
   • Grafana admin password

2. Enable Authentication

   • Add JWT authentication to API
   • Enable Kafka SASL/SSL
   • Configure Elasticsearch security

3. Network Isolation

   • Use internal Docker networks
   • Implement firewall rules
   • Enable TLS/SSL

4. Data Protection

   • Encrypt data at rest
   • Secure Redis with password
   • Implement audit logging

Extending CloudHawk

Add Custom Threat Detection

Edit /services/stream-processor/processor.py:

classThreatDetector:
defanalyze_event(self, event):
# Add your custom logicifself.is_custom_threat(event):
threats.append({
'type': 'custom_threat',
'severity': 'HIGH',
'description': 'Custom threat detected'
})

Add Automated Response

Create /services/response-engine/responder.py:

classAutoResponder:
defrespond_to_threat(self, threat):
ifthreat['type'] =='malicious_ip':
self.block_ip(threat['source_ip'])

Integrate Real AWS CloudTrail

Replace the simulator with AWS CloudTrail connector:

# Use boto3 to read from CloudTrailimportboto3client=boto3.client('cloudtrail')

Project Structure

cloudhawk/
├── docker-compose.yml # Orchestration config
├── services/
│ ├── event-simulator/ # CloudTrail event generator
│ ├── stream-processor/ # Main processing engine
│ ├── ml-engine/ # Anomaly detection
│ ├── api/ # FastAPI backend
│ ├── dashboard/ # React frontend
│ └── prometheus/ # Metrics config
├── data/ # Persistent data (gitignored)
├── scripts/ # Utility scripts
└── docs/ # Additional documentation

Learning Outcomes

Building this project demonstrates:

1. Distributed Systems: Kafka, microservices architecture
2. Real-time Processing: Stream processing, event-driven design
3. Machine Learning: Anomaly detection, model training
4. Full-Stack Development: React, FastAPI, WebSockets
5. Database Design: Time-series, caching, search
6. DevOps: Docker, containerization, monitoring
7. Security: Threat detection, MITRE ATT&CK

Acknowledgments

• Inspired by real-world SIEM systems
• MITRE ATT&CK framework for threat categorization
• AWS CloudTrail event format reference

Built with ❤️ for cybersecurity and cloud security engineering