ChainBench · Flotapponnier · May 22, 2026 · May 22, 2026
@@ -28,8 +28,6 @@ faq:
  a: "Hedera finality time is documented at 3 to 5 seconds via Hashgraph asynchronous Byzantine fault tolerant (aBFT) consensus. The mirror node only exposes already-final blocks, so true wall-clock measurement of consensus lag is currently impossible from public endpoints. We re-enable Hedera once the Block Node service (HIP-1056) leaves private preview."
  - q: "What is BNB Chain finality time?"
  a: "BNB Smart Chain finalizes via the BEP-126 fast-finality fork, dropping the confirmation depth that legacy probabilistic chains require. p50 sits at {{p50:bnb}} (24h), measured via persistent WebSocket subscription that records T1 when block N first appears as latest and T2 when it crosses the finalized threshold."
- - q: "What is Cardano finality time?"
- a: "Cardano runs Ouroboros Praos, a probabilistic proof-of-stake consensus. Full settlement is k = 2160 blocks deep (~12 hours). This benchmark reports {{p50:cardano}} (p50, 24h) at the 15-confirmation convention used by major exchanges (Coinbase, Kraken) as practical settlement, not the theoretical full window."
  - q: "Which blockchain has the fastest finality time?"
  a: "Sub-second BFT chains lead. TON and SUI both clock under one second on this live benchmark. BNB and Avalanche sit around one to two seconds via their fast-finality forks. Solana finalized lands around 12.8 s, Ethereum at 12.8 min, and probabilistic chains (Litecoin, Monero, Cardano) trail at 15 to 30 minutes by confirmation-depth convention."
  - q: "How is L1 finality time measured on this page?"
@@ -72,10 +70,6 @@ per_chain_explainer:
  h2: "TRON finality time"
  body: |
  TRON's solidity confirmation hovers around {{p50:tron}} (p50, 24h), matching the documented 20-block delay at 3-second block intervals. The solidity flag in TRON consensus is the chain's equivalent of finalized: a block survives until 20 confirmations before being considered irreversible. Measured via `/wallet/getnowblock` (head) minus `/walletsolidity/getnowblock` (solidity-confirmed).
- - slug: cardano
- h2: "Cardano finality time"
- body: |
- Cardano runs Ouroboros Praos, a probabilistic proof-of-stake consensus. Full settlement is k = 2160 blocks deep (~12 hours), the worst-case window before a chain is unconditionally final. This benchmark reports {{p50:cardano}} (p50, 24h) at the 15-confirmation convention used by major exchanges (Coinbase, Kraken) as practical settlement, not the theoretical full window. Measured via koios `/tip` minus a 15-confirmation lookback.
  - slug: litecoin
  h2: "Litecoin finality time"
  body: |
@@ -130,7 +124,7 @@ findings:
  - "{{name:sui}} returns {{p50:sui}} (p50, 24 h), matching its Mysticeti DAG BFT design. The chain exposes ms timestamps so the measurement is genuinely sub-second."
  - "{{name:ethereum}} sits at {{p50:ethereum}} (p50, 24 h), aligned with the 2-epoch finalization spec (32 slots × 12 s × 2)."
  - "{{name:tron}}'s solidity confirmation hovers around {{p50:tron}}, exactly the documented 20-block delay at 3 s blocks."
- - "{{name:litecoin}} and {{name:monero}} sit at {{p50:litecoin}} and {{p50:monero}} (p50, 24 h) by construction - set by the chosen confirmation depth. {{name:cardano}} clocks {{p50:cardano}} at the 15-confirmation convention used by major exchanges."
+ - "{{name:litecoin}} and {{name:monero}} sit at {{p50:litecoin}} and {{p50:monero}} (p50, 24 h) by construction - set by the chosen confirmation depth."
  - "{{best_name}} currently leads the leaderboard at {{best_p50}} (p50, 24 h) across {{count}} measured L1s. {{worst_name}} trails at {{worst_p50}}."
  - "Hedera's Hashgraph aBFT is designed to finalize in 3-5 s but is excluded from the live leaderboard because the mirror node only exposes finalized blocks - wall-clock measurement requires the Block Node service (HIP-1056), still in private preview."
 
@@ -251,18 +245,6 @@ providers:
  sample_size: count_over_time(l1_finality_lag_seconds{chain="ethereum"}[24h])
  series: l1_finality_lag_seconds{chain="ethereum"} * 1000
 
- - slug: cardano
- name: Cardano
- tag: Probabilistic, 15 confirmations (exchange-settlement convention)
- queries:
- p50: avg_over_time(l1_finality_lag_seconds{chain="cardano"}[24h]) * 1000
- p90: quantile_over_time(0.90, l1_finality_lag_seconds{chain="cardano"}[24h]) * 1000
- p99: quantile_over_time(0.99, l1_finality_lag_seconds{chain="cardano"}[24h]) * 1000
- mean: avg_over_time(l1_finality_lag_seconds{chain="cardano"}[24h]) * 1000
- success: avg_over_time(l1_finality_health{chain="cardano"}[24h])
- sample_size: count_over_time(l1_finality_lag_seconds{chain="cardano"}[24h])
- series: l1_finality_lag_seconds{chain="cardano"} * 1000
-
  - slug: litecoin
  name: Litecoin
  tag: Probabilistic, 6 confirmations

@@ -173,14 +173,3 @@ providers:
  sample_size: sum(increase(solana_landing_probe_success_total{service="nozomi",region="us-east"}[7d]))
  series: histogram_quantile(0.5, sum by (le)(rate(solana_landing_probe_latency_ms_histogram_bucket{service="nozomi",region="us-east"}[1h])))
 
- - slug: 0slot
- name: 0slot.trade
- tag: Premium 1M-lamport floor (100k on Advanced tier), anti-MEV + durable-nonce
- queries:
- p50: histogram_quantile(0.5, sum by (le)(rate(solana_landing_probe_latency_ms_histogram_bucket{service="0slot",region="us-east"}[7d])))
- p90: histogram_quantile(0.9, sum by (le)(rate(solana_landing_probe_latency_ms_histogram_bucket{service="0slot",region="us-east"}[7d])))
- p99: histogram_quantile(0.99, sum by (le)(rate(solana_landing_probe_latency_ms_histogram_bucket{service="0slot",region="us-east"}[7d])))
- mean: avg_over_time(solana_landing_probe_latency_ms{service="0slot",region="us-east"}[7d])
- success: sum(rate(solana_landing_probe_success_total{service="0slot",region="us-east"}[7d])) / (sum(rate(solana_landing_probe_success_total{service="0slot",region="us-east"}[7d])) + sum(rate(solana_landing_probe_dropped_total{service="0slot",region="us-east",reason="timeout"}[7d])))
- sample_size: sum(increase(solana_landing_probe_success_total{service="0slot",region="us-east"}[7d]))
- series: histogram_quantile(0.5, sum by (le)(rate(solana_landing_probe_latency_ms_histogram_bucket{service="0slot",region="us-east"}[1h])))
@@ -130,8 +130,8 @@ providers:
  tag: Top 200 by stake · Stakewiz APY (MEV in)
  queries:
  p50: ocb_chain_median_net_yield_bps{chain="solana"}
- p90: quantile_over_time(0.90, ocb_validator_net_yield_bps{chain="solana"}[24h])
- p99: quantile_over_time(0.99, ocb_validator_net_yield_bps{chain="solana"}[24h])
+ p90: quantile(0.90, ocb_validator_net_yield_bps{chain="solana"})
+ p99: quantile(0.99, ocb_validator_net_yield_bps{chain="solana"})
  mean: avg(ocb_validator_net_yield_bps{chain="solana"})
  success: clamp_max(avg_over_time(ocb_validator_uptime_pct{chain="solana"}[24h]) / 100, 1)
  sample_size: ocb_chain_total_validators{chain="solana"}
@@ -142,8 +142,8 @@ providers:
  tag: All active · predictedApr.day × uptime
  queries:
  p50: ocb_chain_median_net_yield_bps{chain="hyperliquid"}
- p90: quantile_over_time(0.90, ocb_validator_net_yield_bps{chain="hyperliquid"}[24h])
- p99: quantile_over_time(0.99, ocb_validator_net_yield_bps{chain="hyperliquid"}[24h])
+ p90: quantile(0.90, ocb_validator_net_yield_bps{chain="hyperliquid"})
+ p99: quantile(0.99, ocb_validator_net_yield_bps{chain="hyperliquid"})
  mean: avg(ocb_validator_net_yield_bps{chain="hyperliquid"})
  success: clamp_max(avg_over_time(ocb_validator_uptime_pct{chain="hyperliquid"}[24h]) / 100, 1)
  sample_size: ocb_chain_total_validators{chain="hyperliquid"}