Reduce CPU spikes in slider/output audio paths#28

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Merged
PalmarHealer merged 8 commits into from
Mar 20, 2026
Merged

Reduce CPU spikes in slider/output audio paths #28

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d246127
Throttle serial update dispatch and cache process lookups
Copilot Mar 19, 2026
93fd764
Refine throttling and cache housekeeping
Copilot Mar 19, 2026
27964d3
Finalize issue #20 performance improvements
Copilot Mar 19, 2026
0447094
Merge origin/main and reconcile AudioController optimizations
Copilot Mar 20, 2026
f4b3d98
Merge main and optimize output-device audio path
Copilot Mar 20, 2026
43f289c
Address review feedback for lock-free throttle and cache trim
Copilot Mar 20, 2026
ae1410f
Finalize AudioController cache and output-device handling polish
Copilot Mar 20, 2026
d9c6ac5
Optimize mic/output selector popups to avoid MMDevice object churn
Copilot Mar 20, 2026
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13 changes: 12 additions & 1 deletion ControlPad/Arduino/ArduinoController.cs
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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -17,13 +17,15 @@
private static SerialPort? _serialPort;
private static ManagementEventWatcher? _insertWatcher;
private static ManagementEventWatcher? _removeWatcher;
private static MainWindow _mainWindow;

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Non-nullable field '_mainWindow' must contain a non-null value when exiting constructor. Consider adding the 'required' modifier or declaring the field as nullable.
private static EventHandler _eventHandler;

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Non-nullable field '_eventHandler' must contain a non-null value when exiting constructor. Consider adding the 'required' modifier or declaring the field as nullable.
public static bool IsConnected = false;
private static CancellationTokenSource? _readCts;
private static readonly StringBuilder _lineBuf = new();
private static BoardType _lastBoardType = BoardType.None;
private static BadgeType _lastBadgeType = BadgeType.None;
private static long _lastEventDispatchTick;
private const int EventDispatchIntervalMs = 16;

public static void Initialize(MainWindow mainWindow, EventHandler eventHandler)
{
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -202,7 +204,16 @@

UpdateValues(inputs[2..]);

// UI-Updates ggf. drosseln
long nowTick = Environment.TickCount64;
long lastTick = Interlocked.Read(ref _lastEventDispatchTick);
bool shouldDispatch = (nowTick - lastTick) >= EventDispatchIntervalMs &&
Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref _lastEventDispatchTick, nowTick, lastTick) == lastTick;

if (!shouldDispatch)
{
return;
}

_mainWindow._homeUserControl.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>
_eventHandler.Update(DataHandler.SliderValues, DataHandler.ButtonValues)
);
Expand Down
2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion ControlPad/EventHandler.cs
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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
else if (stream.MicName != null)
Task.Run(() => AudioController.MuteMic(stream.MicName, false));
else if (stream.Process == null && stream.MicName == null)
Task.Run(() => AudioController.MuteSystem(false));
Task.Run(() => AudioController.MuteSystem(false, stream.DeviceName));
}

if (stream.Process != null)
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
{
if (IsPressed && !IsPressedOld)
{
AudioController.MuteProcess(buttonAction.ActionProperty, !AudioController.IsProcessMute(buttonAction.ActionProperty));

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Possible null reference argument for parameter 'processName' in 'void AudioController.MuteProcess(string processName, bool mute)'.

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Possible null reference argument for parameter 'processName' in 'bool AudioController.IsProcessMute(string processName)'.
}
break;
}
Expand All@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@
{
if (IsPressed && !IsPressedOld)
{
AudioController.MuteMic(buttonAction.ActionProperty, !AudioController.IsMicMute(buttonAction.ActionProperty));

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Possible null reference argument for parameter 'micName' in 'void AudioController.MuteMic(string micName, bool mute)'.

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Possible null reference argument for parameter 'micName' in 'bool AudioController.IsMicMute(string micName)'.
}
break;
}
Expand Down
158 changes: 148 additions & 10 deletions ControlPad/System/AudioController.cs
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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -3,15 +3,24 @@
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Threading;
using System.Windows;
using System.Linq;

namespace ControlPad
{
public class AudioController
{
private MMDeviceEnumerator _enum;
private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, (long Tick, int[] ProcessIds)> _processIdsCache = new();
private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, (long Tick, string DeviceId)> _outputDeviceIdCache = new();
private const int ProcessIdsCacheLifetimeMs = 500;
private const int ProcessIdsCacheTrimIntervalMs = 5000;
private const int ProcessIdsCacheMaxEntries = 128;
private const int OutputDeviceCacheLifetimeMs = 3000;
private long _lastProcessCacheTrimTick = Environment.TickCount64;

public AudioController()
{
Expand All@@ -24,14 +33,14 @@ public void SetProcessVolume(string processName, float volume)

volume = Math.Clamp(volume, 0f, 1f);

List<int> processIds = Process.GetProcessesByName(processName).Select(c => c.Id).ToList(); // this might be slow
int[] processIds = GetProcessIds(processName);


for (int i = 0; i < sessions?.Count; i++)
{
var session = sessions[i];

if (processIds.Contains((int)session.GetProcessID))
if (Array.IndexOf(processIds, (int)session.GetProcessID) >= 0)
{
session.SimpleAudioVolume.Volume = volume;
}
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -69,12 +78,12 @@ public void MuteProcess(string processName, bool mute)
using var device = _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
var sessions = device.AudioSessionManager.Sessions;

List<int> processIds = Process.GetProcessesByName(processName).Select(c => c.Id).ToList(); // this might be slow
int[] processIds = GetProcessIds(processName);

for (int i = 0; i < sessions?.Count; i++)
{
var session = sessions[i];
if (processIds.Contains((int)session.GetProcessID))
if (Array.IndexOf(processIds, (int)session.GetProcessID) >= 0)
{
session.SimpleAudioVolume.Mute = mute;
}
Expand All@@ -83,7 +92,13 @@ public void MuteProcess(string processName, bool mute)

public void MuteSystem(bool mute)
{
using var device = _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
using var device = GetOutputDevice(null);
if (device != null) device.AudioEndpointVolume.Mute = mute;
}

public void MuteSystem(bool mute, string? outputDeviceName)
{
using var device = GetOutputDevice(outputDeviceName);
if (device != null) device.AudioEndpointVolume.Mute = mute;
}

Expand All@@ -102,12 +117,12 @@ public bool IsProcessMute(string processName)
using var device = _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
var sessions = device.AudioSessionManager.Sessions;

List<int> processIds = Process.GetProcessesByName(processName).Select(c => c.Id).ToList(); // this might be slow
int[] processIds = GetProcessIds(processName);

for (int i = 0; i < sessions?.Count; i++)
{
var session = sessions[i];
if (processIds.Contains((int)session.GetProcessID))
if (Array.IndexOf(processIds, (int)session.GetProcessID) >= 0)
{
return session.SimpleAudioVolume.Mute;
}
Expand All@@ -117,7 +132,14 @@ public bool IsProcessMute(string processName)

public bool IsSystemMute()
{
using var device = _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
using var device = GetOutputDevice(null);
if (device != null) return device.AudioEndpointVolume.Mute;
return false;
}

public bool IsSystemMute(string? outputDeviceName)
{
using var device = GetOutputDevice(outputDeviceName);
if (device != null) return device.AudioEndpointVolume.Mute;
return false;
}
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -149,25 +171,141 @@ public List<MMDevice> GetMics()
return mics;
}

public List<string> GetMicNames()
{
var names = new List<string>();
using var enumerator = new MMDeviceEnumerator();
foreach (var device in enumerator.EnumerateAudioEndPoints(DataFlow.Capture, DeviceState.Active))
{
names.Add(device.DeviceFriendlyName);
device.Dispose();
}
return names;
}

public SessionCollection GetAudioSessions()
{
using var device = _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
var sessions = device.AudioSessionManager.Sessions;
return sessions;
}

private int[] GetProcessIds(string processName)
{
long nowTick = Environment.TickCount64;
if (_processIdsCache.TryGetValue(processName, out var cacheEntry))
{
if ((nowTick - cacheEntry.Tick) <= ProcessIdsCacheLifetimeMs)
{
return cacheEntry.ProcessIds;
}
}

var processes = Process.GetProcessesByName(processName);
var processIds = new int[processes.Length];
for (int i = 0; i < processes.Length; i++)
{
processIds[i] = processes[i].Id;
processes[i].Dispose();
}
_processIdsCache[processName] = (nowTick, processIds);
long lastTrimTick = Interlocked.Read(ref _lastProcessCacheTrimTick);
if (_processIdsCache.Count >= ProcessIdsCacheMaxEntries ||
(nowTick - lastTrimTick) > ProcessIdsCacheTrimIntervalMs)
{
if (Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref _lastProcessCacheTrimTick, nowTick, lastTrimTick) == lastTrimTick)
{
TrimProcessCache(nowTick);
}
}
return processIds;
}

private void TrimProcessCache(long nowTick)
{
var staleEntries = new List<(string Key, long Tick)>();
foreach (var entry in _processIdsCache)
{
if ((nowTick - entry.Value.Tick) > ProcessIdsCacheLifetimeMs)
staleEntries.Add((entry.Key, entry.Value.Tick));
}

foreach (var entry in staleEntries)
{
_processIdsCache.TryRemove(entry.Key, out _);
}

int overflow = _processIdsCache.Count - ProcessIdsCacheMaxEntries;
if (overflow <= 0) return;

var staleKeySet = staleEntries.Count > 0
? new HashSet<string>(staleEntries.Select(e => e.Key))
: null;
var oldestKeys = _processIdsCache
.Where(entry => staleKeySet == null || !staleKeySet.Contains(entry.Key))
.OrderBy(entry => entry.Value.Tick)
.Take(overflow)
.Select(entry => entry.Key)
.ToList();
foreach (var key in oldestKeys)
_processIdsCache.TryRemove(key, out _);
}

public List<MMDevice> GetOutputDevices()
{
return _enum.EnumerateAudioEndPoints(DataFlow.Render, DeviceState.Active).ToList();
}

public List<string> GetOutputDeviceNames()
{
var names = new List<string>();
foreach (var device in _enum.EnumerateAudioEndPoints(DataFlow.Render, DeviceState.Active))
{
names.Add(device.DeviceFriendlyName);
device.Dispose();
}
return names;
}

private MMDevice? GetOutputDevice(string? outputDeviceName)
{
if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(outputDeviceName))
return _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);

return GetOutputDevices().FirstOrDefault(d => d.DeviceFriendlyName == outputDeviceName)
?? _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
long nowTick = Environment.TickCount64;
if (_outputDeviceIdCache.TryGetValue(outputDeviceName, out var cacheEntry) &&
(nowTick - cacheEntry.Tick) <= OutputDeviceCacheLifetimeMs)
{
try
{
return _enum.GetDevice(cacheEntry.DeviceId);
}
catch
{
_outputDeviceIdCache.TryRemove(outputDeviceName, out _);
}
}

MMDevice? matchedDevice = null;
foreach (var device in _enum.EnumerateAudioEndPoints(DataFlow.Render, DeviceState.Active))
{
if (matchedDevice == null && device.DeviceFriendlyName == outputDeviceName)
{
matchedDevice = device;
}
else
{
device.Dispose();
}
}

if (matchedDevice != null)
{
_outputDeviceIdCache[outputDeviceName] = (nowTick, matchedDevice.ID);
return matchedDevice;
}

return _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
}
}
}
6 changes: 3 additions & 3 deletions ControlPad/Windows/EditButtonCategoryWindow.xaml.cs
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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -125,9 +125,9 @@ private void btn_settings_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

if (micDialog.ShowDialog() == true)
{
control.ButtonAction.ActionProperty = micDialog.SelectedMic?.DeviceFriendlyName;
control.ButtonAction.ActionPropertyDisplay = micDialog.SelectedMic?.DeviceFriendlyName;
control.TextBlock.Text = $"{control.ButtonAction.ActionType.Description}: {micDialog.SelectedMic?.DeviceFriendlyName}";
control.ButtonAction.ActionProperty = micDialog.SelectedMicName;
control.ButtonAction.ActionPropertyDisplay = micDialog.SelectedMicName;
control.TextBlock.Text = $"{control.ButtonAction.ActionType.Description}: {micDialog.SelectedMicName}";
}
break;
}
Expand Down
4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions ControlPad/Windows/EditSliderCategoryWindow.xaml.cs
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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ private void btn_AddMic_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)

if (dialog.ShowDialog() == true)
{
DataHandler.SliderCategories[indexOfCategory].AudioStreams.Add(new AudioStream(null, dialog.SelectedMic?.DeviceFriendlyName));
DataHandler.SliderCategories[indexOfCategory].AudioStreams.Add(new AudioStream(null, dialog.SelectedMicName));
}
}

Expand All@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ private void btn_AddMainOutput_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
if (dialog.ShowDialog() == true)
{
DataHandler.SliderCategories[indexOfCategory].AudioStreams.Add(
new AudioStream(null, null, dialog.SelectedOutputDevice?.DeviceFriendlyName)
new AudioStream(null, null, dialog.SelectedOutputDeviceName)
);
}
}
Expand Down
25 changes: 5 additions & 20 deletions ControlPad/Windows/Popups/SelectMicPopup.xaml.cs
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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -1,38 +1,23 @@
using NAudio.CoreAudioApi;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
using System.Windows.Shapes;
using System.Windows;
using Wpf.Ui.Controls;

namespace ControlPad
{
public partial class SelectMicPopup : FluentWindow
{
AudioController audioController = new AudioController();
public MMDevice? SelectedMic { get; set; }
public string? SelectedMicName { get; set; }
public SelectMicPopup()
{
InitializeComponent();
cb_Mics.DisplayMemberPath = "DeviceFriendlyName";
cb_Mics.ItemsSource = audioController.GetMics();
cb_Mics.ItemsSource = audioController.GetMicNames();
}

private void btn_Ok_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
if (cb_Mics.SelectedItem is not MMDevice device) return;
if (cb_Mics.SelectedItem is not string micName) return;

SelectedMic = device;
SelectedMicName = micName;
DialogResult = true;
}

Expand Down
12 changes: 5 additions & 7 deletions ControlPad/Windows/Popups/SelectOutputDevicePopup.xaml.cs
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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -1,25 +1,23 @@
using NAudio.CoreAudioApi;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows;
using Wpf.Ui.Controls;

namespace ControlPad
{
public partial class SelectOutputDevicePopup : FluentWindow
{
public MMDevice? SelectedOutputDevice { get; set; }
public string? SelectedOutputDeviceName { get; set; }

public SelectOutputDevicePopup()
{
InitializeComponent();
cb_OutputDevices.DisplayMemberPath = "DeviceFriendlyName";
cb_OutputDevices.ItemsSource = new AudioController().GetOutputDevices();
cb_OutputDevices.ItemsSource = new AudioController().GetOutputDeviceNames();
}

private void btn_Ok_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
if (cb_OutputDevices.SelectedItem is not MMDevice device) return;
if (cb_OutputDevices.SelectedItem is not string outputName) return;

SelectedOutputDevice = device;
SelectedOutputDeviceName = outputName;
DialogResult = true;
}

Expand Down
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}
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(function(){
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Reduce CPU spikes in slider/output audio paths#28

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 Merged

PalmarHealer
merged 8 commits into

from

Mar 20, 2026
 Merged


Reduce CPU spikes in slider/output audio paths
#28
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d246127

Throttle serial update dispatch and cache process lookups


Copilot Mar 19, 2026
93fd764

Refine throttling and cache housekeeping


Copilot Mar 19, 2026
27964d3

Finalize issue #20 performance improvements


Copilot Mar 19, 2026
0447094

Merge origin/main and reconcile AudioController optimizations


Copilot Mar 20, 2026
f4b3d98

Merge main and optimize output-device audio path


Copilot Mar 20, 2026
43f289c

Address review feedback for lock-free throttle and cache trim


Copilot Mar 20, 2026
ae1410f

Finalize AudioController cache and output-device handling polish


Copilot Mar 20, 2026
d9c6ac5

Optimize mic/output selector popups to avoid MMDevice object churn


Copilot Mar 20, 2026

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13 changes: 12 additions & 1 deletion
ControlPad/Arduino/ArduinoController.cs

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -17,13 +17,15 @@
 private static SerialPort? _serialPort;
 private static ManagementEventWatcher? _insertWatcher;
 private static ManagementEventWatcher? _removeWatcher;
 private static MainWindow _mainWindow;

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in ControlPad/Arduino/ArduinoController.cs

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Non-nullable field '_mainWindow' must contain a non-null value when exiting constructor. Consider adding the 'required' modifier or declaring the field as nullable.
 private static EventHandler _eventHandler;

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Non-nullable field '_eventHandler' must contain a non-null value when exiting constructor. Consider adding the 'required' modifier or declaring the field as nullable.
 public static bool IsConnected = false;
 private static CancellationTokenSource? _readCts;
 private static readonly StringBuilder _lineBuf = new();
 private static BoardType _lastBoardType = BoardType.None;
 private static BadgeType _lastBadgeType = BadgeType.None;
 private static long _lastEventDispatchTick;
 private const int EventDispatchIntervalMs = 16;

 public static void Initialize(MainWindow mainWindow, EventHandler eventHandler)
 {
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -202,7 +204,16 @@

 UpdateValues(inputs[2..]);

 // UI-Updates ggf. drosseln
 long nowTick = Environment.TickCount64;
 long lastTick = Interlocked.Read(ref _lastEventDispatchTick);
 bool shouldDispatch = (nowTick - lastTick) >= EventDispatchIntervalMs &&
 Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref _lastEventDispatchTick, nowTick, lastTick) == lastTick;

 if (!shouldDispatch)
 {
 return;
 }

 _mainWindow._homeUserControl.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>
 _eventHandler.Update(DataHandler.SliderValues, DataHandler.ButtonValues)
 );
Expand Down

2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion
ControlPad/EventHandler.cs

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
 else if (stream.MicName != null)
 Task.Run(() => AudioController.MuteMic(stream.MicName, false));
 else if (stream.Process == null && stream.MicName == null)
 Task.Run(() => AudioController.MuteSystem(false));
 Task.Run(() => AudioController.MuteSystem(false, stream.DeviceName));
 }

 if (stream.Process != null)
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
 {
 if (IsPressed && !IsPressedOld)
 { 
 AudioController.MuteProcess(buttonAction.ActionProperty, !AudioController.IsProcessMute(buttonAction.ActionProperty));

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on line 104
in ControlPad/EventHandler.cs

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Possible null reference argument for parameter 'processName' in 'void AudioController.MuteProcess(string processName, bool mute)'.

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on line 104
in ControlPad/EventHandler.cs

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Possible null reference argument for parameter 'processName' in 'bool AudioController.IsProcessMute(string processName)'.
 }
 break;
 }
Expand All@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@
 {
 if (IsPressed && !IsPressedOld)
 {
 AudioController.MuteMic(buttonAction.ActionProperty, !AudioController.IsMicMute(buttonAction.ActionProperty));

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on line 120
in ControlPad/EventHandler.cs

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Possible null reference argument for parameter 'micName' in 'void AudioController.MuteMic(string micName, bool mute)'.

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on line 120
in ControlPad/EventHandler.cs

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Possible null reference argument for parameter 'micName' in 'bool AudioController.IsMicMute(string micName)'.
 }
 break;
 }
Expand Down

158 changes: 148 additions & 10 deletions
ControlPad/System/AudioController.cs

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Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -3,15 +3,24 @@
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Threading;
using System.Windows;
using System.Linq;

namespace ControlPad
{
 public class AudioController
 {
 private MMDeviceEnumerator _enum;
 private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, (long Tick, int[] ProcessIds)> _processIdsCache = new();
 private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, (long Tick, string DeviceId)> _outputDeviceIdCache = new();
 private const int ProcessIdsCacheLifetimeMs = 500;
 private const int ProcessIdsCacheTrimIntervalMs = 5000;
 private const int ProcessIdsCacheMaxEntries = 128;
 private const int OutputDeviceCacheLifetimeMs = 3000;
 private long _lastProcessCacheTrimTick = Environment.TickCount64;

 public AudioController()
 { 
Expand All@@ -24,14 +33,14 @@ public void SetProcessVolume(string processName, float volume)

 volume = Math.Clamp(volume, 0f, 1f);

List<int> processIds = Process.GetProcessesByName(processName).Select(c => c.Id).ToList(); // this might be slow
 int[] processIds = GetProcessIds(processName);


 for (int i = 0; i < sessions?.Count; i++)
 {
 var session = sessions[i];

 if (processIds.Contains((int)session.GetProcessID))
 if (Array.IndexOf(processIds, (int)session.GetProcessID) >= 0)
 {
 session.SimpleAudioVolume.Volume = volume;
 }
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -69,12 +78,12 @@ public void MuteProcess(string processName, bool mute)
 using var device = _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 var sessions = device.AudioSessionManager.Sessions;

List<int> processIds = Process.GetProcessesByName(processName).Select(c => c.Id).ToList(); // this might be slow
 int[] processIds = GetProcessIds(processName);

 for (int i = 0; i < sessions?.Count; i++)
 {
 var session = sessions[i];
 if (processIds.Contains((int)session.GetProcessID))
 if (Array.IndexOf(processIds, (int)session.GetProcessID) >= 0)
 {
 session.SimpleAudioVolume.Mute = mute;
 }
Expand All@@ -83,7 +92,13 @@ public void MuteProcess(string processName, bool mute)

 public void MuteSystem(bool mute)
 {
 using var device = _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 using var device = GetOutputDevice(null);
 if (device != null) device.AudioEndpointVolume.Mute = mute;
 }

 public void MuteSystem(bool mute, string? outputDeviceName)
 {
 using var device = GetOutputDevice(outputDeviceName);
 if (device != null) device.AudioEndpointVolume.Mute = mute;
 }

Expand All@@ -102,12 +117,12 @@ public bool IsProcessMute(string processName)
 using var device = _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 var sessions = device.AudioSessionManager.Sessions;

List<int> processIds = Process.GetProcessesByName(processName).Select(c => c.Id).ToList(); // this might be slow
 int[] processIds = GetProcessIds(processName);

 for (int i = 0; i < sessions?.Count; i++)
 {
 var session = sessions[i];
 if (processIds.Contains((int)session.GetProcessID))
 if (Array.IndexOf(processIds, (int)session.GetProcessID) >= 0)
 {
 return session.SimpleAudioVolume.Mute;
 }
Expand All@@ -117,7 +132,14 @@ public bool IsProcessMute(string processName)

 public bool IsSystemMute()
 {
 using var device = _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 using var device = GetOutputDevice(null);
 if (device != null) return device.AudioEndpointVolume.Mute;
 return false;
 }

 public bool IsSystemMute(string? outputDeviceName)
 {
 using var device = GetOutputDevice(outputDeviceName);
 if (device != null) return device.AudioEndpointVolume.Mute;
 return false;
 }
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -149,25 +171,141 @@ public List<MMDevice> GetMics()
 return mics;
 }

 public List<string> GetMicNames()
 {
 var names = new List<string>();
 using var enumerator = new MMDeviceEnumerator();
 foreach (var device in enumerator.EnumerateAudioEndPoints(DataFlow.Capture, DeviceState.Active))
 {
 names.Add(device.DeviceFriendlyName);
 device.Dispose();
 }
 return names;
 }

 public SessionCollection GetAudioSessions()
 {
 using var device = _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 var sessions = device.AudioSessionManager.Sessions;
 return sessions;
 }

 private int[] GetProcessIds(string processName)
 {
 long nowTick = Environment.TickCount64;
 if (_processIdsCache.TryGetValue(processName, out var cacheEntry))
 {
 if ((nowTick - cacheEntry.Tick) <= ProcessIdsCacheLifetimeMs)
 {
 return cacheEntry.ProcessIds;
 }
 }

 var processes = Process.GetProcessesByName(processName);
 var processIds = new int[processes.Length];
 for (int i = 0; i < processes.Length; i++)
 {
 processIds[i] = processes[i].Id;
 processes[i].Dispose();
 }
 _processIdsCache[processName] = (nowTick, processIds);
 long lastTrimTick = Interlocked.Read(ref _lastProcessCacheTrimTick);
 if (_processIdsCache.Count >= ProcessIdsCacheMaxEntries ||
 (nowTick - lastTrimTick) > ProcessIdsCacheTrimIntervalMs)
 {
 if (Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref _lastProcessCacheTrimTick, nowTick, lastTrimTick) == lastTrimTick)
 {
 TrimProcessCache(nowTick);
 }
 }
 return processIds;
 }

 private void TrimProcessCache(long nowTick)
 {
 var staleEntries = new List<(string Key, long Tick)>();
 foreach (var entry in _processIdsCache)
 {
 if ((nowTick - entry.Value.Tick) > ProcessIdsCacheLifetimeMs)
 staleEntries.Add((entry.Key, entry.Value.Tick));
 }

 foreach (var entry in staleEntries)
 {
 _processIdsCache.TryRemove(entry.Key, out _);
 }

 int overflow = _processIdsCache.Count - ProcessIdsCacheMaxEntries;
 if (overflow <= 0) return;

 var staleKeySet = staleEntries.Count > 0
 ? new HashSet<string>(staleEntries.Select(e => e.Key))
 : null;
 var oldestKeys = _processIdsCache
 .Where(entry => staleKeySet == null || !staleKeySet.Contains(entry.Key))
 .OrderBy(entry => entry.Value.Tick)
 .Take(overflow)
 .Select(entry => entry.Key)
 .ToList();
 foreach (var key in oldestKeys)
 _processIdsCache.TryRemove(key, out _);
 }

 public List<MMDevice> GetOutputDevices()
 {
 return _enum.EnumerateAudioEndPoints(DataFlow.Render, DeviceState.Active).ToList();
 }

 public List<string> GetOutputDeviceNames()
 {
 var names = new List<string>();
 foreach (var device in _enum.EnumerateAudioEndPoints(DataFlow.Render, DeviceState.Active))
 {
 names.Add(device.DeviceFriendlyName);
 device.Dispose();
 }
 return names;
 }

 private MMDevice? GetOutputDevice(string? outputDeviceName)
 {
 if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(outputDeviceName))
 return _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);

 return GetOutputDevices().FirstOrDefault(d => d.DeviceFriendlyName == outputDeviceName)
 ?? _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 long nowTick = Environment.TickCount64;
 if (_outputDeviceIdCache.TryGetValue(outputDeviceName, out var cacheEntry) &&
 (nowTick - cacheEntry.Tick) <= OutputDeviceCacheLifetimeMs)
 {
 try
 {
 return _enum.GetDevice(cacheEntry.DeviceId);
 }
 catch
 {
 _outputDeviceIdCache.TryRemove(outputDeviceName, out _);
 }
 }

 MMDevice? matchedDevice = null;
 foreach (var device in _enum.EnumerateAudioEndPoints(DataFlow.Render, DeviceState.Active))
 {
 if (matchedDevice == null && device.DeviceFriendlyName == outputDeviceName)
 {
 matchedDevice = device;
 }
 else
 {
 device.Dispose();
 }
 }

 if (matchedDevice != null)
 {
 _outputDeviceIdCache[outputDeviceName] = (nowTick, matchedDevice.ID);
 return matchedDevice;
 }

 return _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 }
 }
}

6 changes: 3 additions & 3 deletions
ControlPad/Windows/EditButtonCategoryWindow.xaml.cs

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Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -125,9 +125,9 @@ private void btn_settings_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

 if (micDialog.ShowDialog() == true)
 {
 control.ButtonAction.ActionProperty = micDialog.SelectedMic?.DeviceFriendlyName;
 control.ButtonAction.ActionPropertyDisplay = micDialog.SelectedMic?.DeviceFriendlyName;
 control.TextBlock.Text = $"{control.ButtonAction.ActionType.Description}: {micDialog.SelectedMic?.DeviceFriendlyName}";
 control.ButtonAction.ActionProperty = micDialog.SelectedMicName;
 control.ButtonAction.ActionPropertyDisplay = micDialog.SelectedMicName;
 control.TextBlock.Text = $"{control.ButtonAction.ActionType.Description}: {micDialog.SelectedMicName}";
 }
 break;
 } 
Expand Down

4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions
ControlPad/Windows/EditSliderCategoryWindow.xaml.cs

View file


Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ private void btn_AddMic_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)

 if (dialog.ShowDialog() == true)
 {
 DataHandler.SliderCategories[indexOfCategory].AudioStreams.Add(new AudioStream(null, dialog.SelectedMic?.DeviceFriendlyName));
 DataHandler.SliderCategories[indexOfCategory].AudioStreams.Add(new AudioStream(null, dialog.SelectedMicName));
 }
 }

Expand All@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ private void btn_AddMainOutput_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
 if (dialog.ShowDialog() == true)
 {
 DataHandler.SliderCategories[indexOfCategory].AudioStreams.Add(
 new AudioStream(null, null, dialog.SelectedOutputDevice?.DeviceFriendlyName)
 new AudioStream(null, null, dialog.SelectedOutputDeviceName)
 );
 }
 }
Expand Down

25 changes: 5 additions & 20 deletions
ControlPad/Windows/Popups/SelectMicPopup.xaml.cs

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Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -1,38 +1,23 @@
using NAudio.CoreAudioApi;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
using System.Windows.Shapes;
using System.Windows;
using Wpf.Ui.Controls;

namespace ControlPad
{
 public partial class SelectMicPopup : FluentWindow
 {
 AudioController audioController = new AudioController();
 public MMDevice? SelectedMic { get; set; }
 public string? SelectedMicName { get; set; }
 public SelectMicPopup()
 {
 InitializeComponent();
 cb_Mics.DisplayMemberPath = "DeviceFriendlyName";
 cb_Mics.ItemsSource = audioController.GetMics();
 cb_Mics.ItemsSource = audioController.GetMicNames();
 }

 private void btn_Ok_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
 {
 if (cb_Mics.SelectedItem is not MMDevice device) return;
 if (cb_Mics.SelectedItem is not string micName) return;

SelectedMic = device;
SelectedMicName = micName;
 DialogResult = true;
 }

Expand Down

12 changes: 5 additions & 7 deletions
ControlPad/Windows/Popups/SelectOutputDevicePopup.xaml.cs

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -1,25 +1,23 @@
using NAudio.CoreAudioApi;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows;
using Wpf.Ui.Controls;

namespace ControlPad
{
 public partial class SelectOutputDevicePopup : FluentWindow
 {
 public MMDevice? SelectedOutputDevice { get; set; }
 public string? SelectedOutputDeviceName { get; set; }

 public SelectOutputDevicePopup()
 {
 InitializeComponent();
 cb_OutputDevices.DisplayMemberPath = "DeviceFriendlyName";
 cb_OutputDevices.ItemsSource = new AudioController().GetOutputDevices();
 cb_OutputDevices.ItemsSource = new AudioController().GetOutputDeviceNames();
 }

 private void btn_Ok_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
 {
 if (cb_OutputDevices.SelectedItem is not MMDevice device) return;
 if (cb_OutputDevices.SelectedItem is not string outputName) return;

SelectedOutputDevice = device;
SelectedOutputDeviceName = outputName;
 DialogResult = true;
 }

Expand Down
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, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
injectUserscript("// Force GitHub README to respect dark mode\n(function() {\n var style = document.createElement('style');\n style.textContent = '\n .markdown-body {\n color-scheme: dark light;\n }\n .markdown-body pre { background: #161b22 !important; }\n .markdown-body code { background: rgba(110, 118, 129, 0.4) !important; }\n .markdown-body table th, .markdown-body table td { border-color: #30363d !important; }\n .markdown-body img { background: #0d1117; }\n .markdown-body blockquote { border-left-color: #8b949e; }\n .markdown-body hr { border-color: #30363d; }\n ';\n document.head.appendChild(style);\n})();", "GitHub Dark Mode README Fix");
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:GitHub Dark Mode README Fix]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "*";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '

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Reduce CPU spikes in slider/output audio paths#28

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 Merged

PalmarHealer
merged 8 commits into

from

Mar 20, 2026
 Merged


Reduce CPU spikes in slider/output audio paths
#28
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d246127

Throttle serial update dispatch and cache process lookups


Copilot Mar 19, 2026
93fd764

Refine throttling and cache housekeeping


Copilot Mar 19, 2026
27964d3

Finalize issue #20 performance improvements


Copilot Mar 19, 2026
0447094

Merge origin/main and reconcile AudioController optimizations


Copilot Mar 20, 2026
f4b3d98

Merge main and optimize output-device audio path


Copilot Mar 20, 2026
43f289c

Address review feedback for lock-free throttle and cache trim


Copilot Mar 20, 2026
ae1410f

Finalize AudioController cache and output-device handling polish


Copilot Mar 20, 2026
d9c6ac5

Optimize mic/output selector popups to avoid MMDevice object churn


Copilot Mar 20, 2026

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13 changes: 12 additions & 1 deletion
ControlPad/Arduino/ArduinoController.cs

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Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -17,13 +17,15 @@
 private static SerialPort? _serialPort;
 private static ManagementEventWatcher? _insertWatcher;
 private static ManagementEventWatcher? _removeWatcher;
 private static MainWindow _mainWindow;

Check warning
on line 20
in ControlPad/Arduino/ArduinoController.cs

View workflow job for this annotation
GitHub Actions/ build
Non-nullable field '_mainWindow' must contain a non-null value when exiting constructor. Consider adding the 'required' modifier or declaring the field as nullable.
 private static EventHandler _eventHandler;

Check warning
on line 21
in ControlPad/Arduino/ArduinoController.cs

View workflow job for this annotation
GitHub Actions/ build
Non-nullable field '_eventHandler' must contain a non-null value when exiting constructor. Consider adding the 'required' modifier or declaring the field as nullable.
 public static bool IsConnected = false;
 private static CancellationTokenSource? _readCts;
 private static readonly StringBuilder _lineBuf = new();
 private static BoardType _lastBoardType = BoardType.None;
 private static BadgeType _lastBadgeType = BadgeType.None;
 private static long _lastEventDispatchTick;
 private const int EventDispatchIntervalMs = 16;

 public static void Initialize(MainWindow mainWindow, EventHandler eventHandler)
 {
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -202,7 +204,16 @@

 UpdateValues(inputs[2..]);

 // UI-Updates ggf. drosseln
 long nowTick = Environment.TickCount64;
 long lastTick = Interlocked.Read(ref _lastEventDispatchTick);
 bool shouldDispatch = (nowTick - lastTick) >= EventDispatchIntervalMs &&
 Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref _lastEventDispatchTick, nowTick, lastTick) == lastTick;

 if (!shouldDispatch)
 {
 return;
 }

 _mainWindow._homeUserControl.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>
 _eventHandler.Update(DataHandler.SliderValues, DataHandler.ButtonValues)
 );
Expand Down

2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion
ControlPad/EventHandler.cs

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Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
 else if (stream.MicName != null)
 Task.Run(() => AudioController.MuteMic(stream.MicName, false));
 else if (stream.Process == null && stream.MicName == null)
 Task.Run(() => AudioController.MuteSystem(false));
 Task.Run(() => AudioController.MuteSystem(false, stream.DeviceName));
 }

 if (stream.Process != null)
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
 {
 if (IsPressed && !IsPressedOld)
 { 
 AudioController.MuteProcess(buttonAction.ActionProperty, !AudioController.IsProcessMute(buttonAction.ActionProperty));

Check warning
on line 104
in ControlPad/EventHandler.cs

View workflow job for this annotation
GitHub Actions/ build
Possible null reference argument for parameter 'processName' in 'void AudioController.MuteProcess(string processName, bool mute)'.

Check warning
on line 104
in ControlPad/EventHandler.cs

View workflow job for this annotation
GitHub Actions/ build
Possible null reference argument for parameter 'processName' in 'bool AudioController.IsProcessMute(string processName)'.
 }
 break;
 }
Expand All@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@
 {
 if (IsPressed && !IsPressedOld)
 {
 AudioController.MuteMic(buttonAction.ActionProperty, !AudioController.IsMicMute(buttonAction.ActionProperty));

Check warning
on line 120
in ControlPad/EventHandler.cs

View workflow job for this annotation
GitHub Actions/ build
Possible null reference argument for parameter 'micName' in 'void AudioController.MuteMic(string micName, bool mute)'.

Check warning
on line 120
in ControlPad/EventHandler.cs

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GitHub Actions/ build
Possible null reference argument for parameter 'micName' in 'bool AudioController.IsMicMute(string micName)'.
 }
 break;
 }
Expand Down

158 changes: 148 additions & 10 deletions
ControlPad/System/AudioController.cs

View file


Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -3,15 +3,24 @@
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Threading;
using System.Windows;
using System.Linq;

namespace ControlPad
{
 public class AudioController
 {
 private MMDeviceEnumerator _enum;
 private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, (long Tick, int[] ProcessIds)> _processIdsCache = new();
 private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, (long Tick, string DeviceId)> _outputDeviceIdCache = new();
 private const int ProcessIdsCacheLifetimeMs = 500;
 private const int ProcessIdsCacheTrimIntervalMs = 5000;
 private const int ProcessIdsCacheMaxEntries = 128;
 private const int OutputDeviceCacheLifetimeMs = 3000;
 private long _lastProcessCacheTrimTick = Environment.TickCount64;

 public AudioController()
 { 
Expand All@@ -24,14 +33,14 @@ public void SetProcessVolume(string processName, float volume)

 volume = Math.Clamp(volume, 0f, 1f);

List<int> processIds = Process.GetProcessesByName(processName).Select(c => c.Id).ToList(); // this might be slow
 int[] processIds = GetProcessIds(processName);


 for (int i = 0; i < sessions?.Count; i++)
 {
 var session = sessions[i];

 if (processIds.Contains((int)session.GetProcessID))
 if (Array.IndexOf(processIds, (int)session.GetProcessID) >= 0)
 {
 session.SimpleAudioVolume.Volume = volume;
 }
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -69,12 +78,12 @@ public void MuteProcess(string processName, bool mute)
 using var device = _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 var sessions = device.AudioSessionManager.Sessions;

List<int> processIds = Process.GetProcessesByName(processName).Select(c => c.Id).ToList(); // this might be slow
 int[] processIds = GetProcessIds(processName);

 for (int i = 0; i < sessions?.Count; i++)
 {
 var session = sessions[i];
 if (processIds.Contains((int)session.GetProcessID))
 if (Array.IndexOf(processIds, (int)session.GetProcessID) >= 0)
 {
 session.SimpleAudioVolume.Mute = mute;
 }
Expand All@@ -83,7 +92,13 @@ public void MuteProcess(string processName, bool mute)

 public void MuteSystem(bool mute)
 {
 using var device = _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 using var device = GetOutputDevice(null);
 if (device != null) device.AudioEndpointVolume.Mute = mute;
 }

 public void MuteSystem(bool mute, string? outputDeviceName)
 {
 using var device = GetOutputDevice(outputDeviceName);
 if (device != null) device.AudioEndpointVolume.Mute = mute;
 }

Expand All@@ -102,12 +117,12 @@ public bool IsProcessMute(string processName)
 using var device = _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 var sessions = device.AudioSessionManager.Sessions;

List<int> processIds = Process.GetProcessesByName(processName).Select(c => c.Id).ToList(); // this might be slow
 int[] processIds = GetProcessIds(processName);

 for (int i = 0; i < sessions?.Count; i++)
 {
 var session = sessions[i];
 if (processIds.Contains((int)session.GetProcessID))
 if (Array.IndexOf(processIds, (int)session.GetProcessID) >= 0)
 {
 return session.SimpleAudioVolume.Mute;
 }
Expand All@@ -117,7 +132,14 @@ public bool IsProcessMute(string processName)

 public bool IsSystemMute()
 {
 using var device = _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 using var device = GetOutputDevice(null);
 if (device != null) return device.AudioEndpointVolume.Mute;
 return false;
 }

 public bool IsSystemMute(string? outputDeviceName)
 {
 using var device = GetOutputDevice(outputDeviceName);
 if (device != null) return device.AudioEndpointVolume.Mute;
 return false;
 }
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -149,25 +171,141 @@ public List<MMDevice> GetMics()
 return mics;
 }

 public List<string> GetMicNames()
 {
 var names = new List<string>();
 using var enumerator = new MMDeviceEnumerator();
 foreach (var device in enumerator.EnumerateAudioEndPoints(DataFlow.Capture, DeviceState.Active))
 {
 names.Add(device.DeviceFriendlyName);
 device.Dispose();
 }
 return names;
 }

 public SessionCollection GetAudioSessions()
 {
 using var device = _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 var sessions = device.AudioSessionManager.Sessions;
 return sessions;
 }

 private int[] GetProcessIds(string processName)
 {
 long nowTick = Environment.TickCount64;
 if (_processIdsCache.TryGetValue(processName, out var cacheEntry))
 {
 if ((nowTick - cacheEntry.Tick) <= ProcessIdsCacheLifetimeMs)
 {
 return cacheEntry.ProcessIds;
 }
 }

 var processes = Process.GetProcessesByName(processName);
 var processIds = new int[processes.Length];
 for (int i = 0; i < processes.Length; i++)
 {
 processIds[i] = processes[i].Id;
 processes[i].Dispose();
 }
 _processIdsCache[processName] = (nowTick, processIds);
 long lastTrimTick = Interlocked.Read(ref _lastProcessCacheTrimTick);
 if (_processIdsCache.Count >= ProcessIdsCacheMaxEntries ||
 (nowTick - lastTrimTick) > ProcessIdsCacheTrimIntervalMs)
 {
 if (Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref _lastProcessCacheTrimTick, nowTick, lastTrimTick) == lastTrimTick)
 {
 TrimProcessCache(nowTick);
 }
 }
 return processIds;
 }

 private void TrimProcessCache(long nowTick)
 {
 var staleEntries = new List<(string Key, long Tick)>();
 foreach (var entry in _processIdsCache)
 {
 if ((nowTick - entry.Value.Tick) > ProcessIdsCacheLifetimeMs)
 staleEntries.Add((entry.Key, entry.Value.Tick));
 }

 foreach (var entry in staleEntries)
 {
 _processIdsCache.TryRemove(entry.Key, out _);
 }

 int overflow = _processIdsCache.Count - ProcessIdsCacheMaxEntries;
 if (overflow <= 0) return;

 var staleKeySet = staleEntries.Count > 0
 ? new HashSet<string>(staleEntries.Select(e => e.Key))
 : null;
 var oldestKeys = _processIdsCache
 .Where(entry => staleKeySet == null || !staleKeySet.Contains(entry.Key))
 .OrderBy(entry => entry.Value.Tick)
 .Take(overflow)
 .Select(entry => entry.Key)
 .ToList();
 foreach (var key in oldestKeys)
 _processIdsCache.TryRemove(key, out _);
 }

 public List<MMDevice> GetOutputDevices()
 {
 return _enum.EnumerateAudioEndPoints(DataFlow.Render, DeviceState.Active).ToList();
 }

 public List<string> GetOutputDeviceNames()
 {
 var names = new List<string>();
 foreach (var device in _enum.EnumerateAudioEndPoints(DataFlow.Render, DeviceState.Active))
 {
 names.Add(device.DeviceFriendlyName);
 device.Dispose();
 }
 return names;
 }

 private MMDevice? GetOutputDevice(string? outputDeviceName)
 {
 if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(outputDeviceName))
 return _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);

 return GetOutputDevices().FirstOrDefault(d => d.DeviceFriendlyName == outputDeviceName)
 ?? _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 long nowTick = Environment.TickCount64;
 if (_outputDeviceIdCache.TryGetValue(outputDeviceName, out var cacheEntry) &&
 (nowTick - cacheEntry.Tick) <= OutputDeviceCacheLifetimeMs)
 {
 try
 {
 return _enum.GetDevice(cacheEntry.DeviceId);
 }
 catch
 {
 _outputDeviceIdCache.TryRemove(outputDeviceName, out _);
 }
 }

 MMDevice? matchedDevice = null;
 foreach (var device in _enum.EnumerateAudioEndPoints(DataFlow.Render, DeviceState.Active))
 {
 if (matchedDevice == null && device.DeviceFriendlyName == outputDeviceName)
 {
 matchedDevice = device;
 }
 else
 {
 device.Dispose();
 }
 }

 if (matchedDevice != null)
 {
 _outputDeviceIdCache[outputDeviceName] = (nowTick, matchedDevice.ID);
 return matchedDevice;
 }

 return _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 }
 }
}

6 changes: 3 additions & 3 deletions
ControlPad/Windows/EditButtonCategoryWindow.xaml.cs

View file


Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -125,9 +125,9 @@ private void btn_settings_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

 if (micDialog.ShowDialog() == true)
 {
 control.ButtonAction.ActionProperty = micDialog.SelectedMic?.DeviceFriendlyName;
 control.ButtonAction.ActionPropertyDisplay = micDialog.SelectedMic?.DeviceFriendlyName;
 control.TextBlock.Text = $"{control.ButtonAction.ActionType.Description}: {micDialog.SelectedMic?.DeviceFriendlyName}";
 control.ButtonAction.ActionProperty = micDialog.SelectedMicName;
 control.ButtonAction.ActionPropertyDisplay = micDialog.SelectedMicName;
 control.TextBlock.Text = $"{control.ButtonAction.ActionType.Description}: {micDialog.SelectedMicName}";
 }
 break;
 } 
Expand Down

4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions
ControlPad/Windows/EditSliderCategoryWindow.xaml.cs

View file


Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ private void btn_AddMic_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)

 if (dialog.ShowDialog() == true)
 {
 DataHandler.SliderCategories[indexOfCategory].AudioStreams.Add(new AudioStream(null, dialog.SelectedMic?.DeviceFriendlyName));
 DataHandler.SliderCategories[indexOfCategory].AudioStreams.Add(new AudioStream(null, dialog.SelectedMicName));
 }
 }

Expand All@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ private void btn_AddMainOutput_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
 if (dialog.ShowDialog() == true)
 {
 DataHandler.SliderCategories[indexOfCategory].AudioStreams.Add(
 new AudioStream(null, null, dialog.SelectedOutputDevice?.DeviceFriendlyName)
 new AudioStream(null, null, dialog.SelectedOutputDeviceName)
 );
 }
 }
Expand Down

25 changes: 5 additions & 20 deletions
ControlPad/Windows/Popups/SelectMicPopup.xaml.cs

View file


Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -1,38 +1,23 @@
using NAudio.CoreAudioApi;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
using System.Windows.Shapes;
using System.Windows;
using Wpf.Ui.Controls;

namespace ControlPad
{
 public partial class SelectMicPopup : FluentWindow
 {
 AudioController audioController = new AudioController();
 public MMDevice? SelectedMic { get; set; }
 public string? SelectedMicName { get; set; }
 public SelectMicPopup()
 {
 InitializeComponent();
 cb_Mics.DisplayMemberPath = "DeviceFriendlyName";
 cb_Mics.ItemsSource = audioController.GetMics();
 cb_Mics.ItemsSource = audioController.GetMicNames();
 }

 private void btn_Ok_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
 {
 if (cb_Mics.SelectedItem is not MMDevice device) return;
 if (cb_Mics.SelectedItem is not string micName) return;

SelectedMic = device;
SelectedMicName = micName;
 DialogResult = true;
 }

Expand Down

12 changes: 5 additions & 7 deletions
ControlPad/Windows/Popups/SelectOutputDevicePopup.xaml.cs

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Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -1,25 +1,23 @@
using NAudio.CoreAudioApi;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows;
using Wpf.Ui.Controls;

namespace ControlPad
{
 public partial class SelectOutputDevicePopup : FluentWindow
 {
 public MMDevice? SelectedOutputDevice { get; set; }
 public string? SelectedOutputDeviceName { get; set; }

 public SelectOutputDevicePopup()
 {
 InitializeComponent();
 cb_OutputDevices.DisplayMemberPath = "DeviceFriendlyName";
 cb_OutputDevices.ItemsSource = new AudioController().GetOutputDevices();
 cb_OutputDevices.ItemsSource = new AudioController().GetOutputDeviceNames();
 }

 private void btn_Ok_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
 {
 if (cb_OutputDevices.SelectedItem is not MMDevice device) return;
 if (cb_OutputDevices.SelectedItem is not string outputName) return;

SelectedOutputDevice = device;
SelectedOutputDeviceName = outputName;
 DialogResult = true;
 }

Expand Down
Loading

, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
injectUserscript("// Highlight search terms from Google/DuckDuckGo/Bing referrer\n(function() {\n var ref = document.referrer;\n var terms = [];\n \n if (ref.includes('google.com') || ref.includes('duckduckgo.com') || ref.includes('bing.com')) {\n var url = new URL(ref);\n var q = url.searchParams.get('q') || url.searchParams.get('p');\n if (q) {\n terms = q.split(/\\s+/).filter(function(t) { return t.length > 2; });\n }\n }\n \n if (terms.length === 0) return;\n \n var style = document.createElement('style');\n style.textContent = '.userscript-highlight { background: #fbbf24; color: #1a1a2e; padding: 1px 3px; border-radius: 2px; }';\n document.head.appendChild(style);\n \n function highlight(node) {\n if (node.nodeType === 3) { // text node\n var text = node.textContent;\n var found = false;\n terms.forEach(function(term) {\n var regex = new RegExp('(' + term.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\\]\\\\]/g, '\\\\') + ')', 'gi');\n if (regex.test(text)) {\n found = true;\n var frag = document.createDocumentFragment();\n var parts = text.split(regex);\n parts.forEach(function(part, i) {\n if (i % 2 === 0) {\n frag.appendChild(document.createTextNode(part));\n } else {\n var span = document.createElement('span');\n span.className = 'userscript-highlight';\n span.textContent = part;\n frag.appendChild(span);\n }\n });\n node.parentNode.replaceChild(frag, node);\n }\n });\n } else if (node.nodeType === 1 && node.childNodes) { // element\n var skipTags = ['SCRIPT', 'STYLE', 'NOSCRIPT', 'TEXTAREA', 'INPUT', 'SELECT'];\n if (!skipTags.includes(node.tagName)) {\n Array.from(node.childNodes).forEach(highlight);\n }\n }\n }\n \n highlight(document.body);\n \n // Re-highlight on dynamic content\n var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {\n mutations.forEach(function(m) {\n m.addedNodes.forEach(function(node) {\n if (node.nodeType === 1 || node.nodeType === 3) highlight(node);\n });\n });\n });\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });\n})();", "Highlight Search Terms");
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Highlight Search Terms]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "*";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '

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Reduce CPU spikes in slider/output audio paths#28

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 Merged

PalmarHealer
merged 8 commits into

from

Mar 20, 2026
 Merged


Reduce CPU spikes in slider/output audio paths
#28
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d246127

Throttle serial update dispatch and cache process lookups


Copilot Mar 19, 2026
93fd764

Refine throttling and cache housekeeping


Copilot Mar 19, 2026
27964d3

Finalize issue #20 performance improvements


Copilot Mar 19, 2026
0447094

Merge origin/main and reconcile AudioController optimizations


Copilot Mar 20, 2026
f4b3d98

Merge main and optimize output-device audio path


Copilot Mar 20, 2026
43f289c

Address review feedback for lock-free throttle and cache trim


Copilot Mar 20, 2026
ae1410f

Finalize AudioController cache and output-device handling polish


Copilot Mar 20, 2026
d9c6ac5

Optimize mic/output selector popups to avoid MMDevice object churn


Copilot Mar 20, 2026

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13 changes: 12 additions & 1 deletion
ControlPad/Arduino/ArduinoController.cs

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -17,13 +17,15 @@
 private static SerialPort? _serialPort;
 private static ManagementEventWatcher? _insertWatcher;
 private static ManagementEventWatcher? _removeWatcher;
 private static MainWindow _mainWindow;

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on line 20
in ControlPad/Arduino/ArduinoController.cs

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Non-nullable field '_mainWindow' must contain a non-null value when exiting constructor. Consider adding the 'required' modifier or declaring the field as nullable.
 private static EventHandler _eventHandler;

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on line 21
in ControlPad/Arduino/ArduinoController.cs

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Non-nullable field '_eventHandler' must contain a non-null value when exiting constructor. Consider adding the 'required' modifier or declaring the field as nullable.
 public static bool IsConnected = false;
 private static CancellationTokenSource? _readCts;
 private static readonly StringBuilder _lineBuf = new();
 private static BoardType _lastBoardType = BoardType.None;
 private static BadgeType _lastBadgeType = BadgeType.None;
 private static long _lastEventDispatchTick;
 private const int EventDispatchIntervalMs = 16;

 public static void Initialize(MainWindow mainWindow, EventHandler eventHandler)
 {
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -202,7 +204,16 @@

 UpdateValues(inputs[2..]);

 // UI-Updates ggf. drosseln
 long nowTick = Environment.TickCount64;
 long lastTick = Interlocked.Read(ref _lastEventDispatchTick);
 bool shouldDispatch = (nowTick - lastTick) >= EventDispatchIntervalMs &&
 Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref _lastEventDispatchTick, nowTick, lastTick) == lastTick;

 if (!shouldDispatch)
 {
 return;
 }

 _mainWindow._homeUserControl.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>
 _eventHandler.Update(DataHandler.SliderValues, DataHandler.ButtonValues)
 );
Expand Down

2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion
ControlPad/EventHandler.cs

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Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
 else if (stream.MicName != null)
 Task.Run(() => AudioController.MuteMic(stream.MicName, false));
 else if (stream.Process == null && stream.MicName == null)
 Task.Run(() => AudioController.MuteSystem(false));
 Task.Run(() => AudioController.MuteSystem(false, stream.DeviceName));
 }

 if (stream.Process != null)
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
 {
 if (IsPressed && !IsPressedOld)
 { 
 AudioController.MuteProcess(buttonAction.ActionProperty, !AudioController.IsProcessMute(buttonAction.ActionProperty));

Check warning
on line 104
in ControlPad/EventHandler.cs

View workflow job for this annotation
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Possible null reference argument for parameter 'processName' in 'void AudioController.MuteProcess(string processName, bool mute)'.

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on line 104
in ControlPad/EventHandler.cs

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Possible null reference argument for parameter 'processName' in 'bool AudioController.IsProcessMute(string processName)'.
 }
 break;
 }
Expand All@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@
 {
 if (IsPressed && !IsPressedOld)
 {
 AudioController.MuteMic(buttonAction.ActionProperty, !AudioController.IsMicMute(buttonAction.ActionProperty));

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on line 120
in ControlPad/EventHandler.cs

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Possible null reference argument for parameter 'micName' in 'void AudioController.MuteMic(string micName, bool mute)'.

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in ControlPad/EventHandler.cs

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Possible null reference argument for parameter 'micName' in 'bool AudioController.IsMicMute(string micName)'.
 }
 break;
 }
Expand Down

158 changes: 148 additions & 10 deletions
ControlPad/System/AudioController.cs

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Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -3,15 +3,24 @@
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Threading;
using System.Windows;
using System.Linq;

namespace ControlPad
{
 public class AudioController
 {
 private MMDeviceEnumerator _enum;
 private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, (long Tick, int[] ProcessIds)> _processIdsCache = new();
 private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, (long Tick, string DeviceId)> _outputDeviceIdCache = new();
 private const int ProcessIdsCacheLifetimeMs = 500;
 private const int ProcessIdsCacheTrimIntervalMs = 5000;
 private const int ProcessIdsCacheMaxEntries = 128;
 private const int OutputDeviceCacheLifetimeMs = 3000;
 private long _lastProcessCacheTrimTick = Environment.TickCount64;

 public AudioController()
 { 
Expand All@@ -24,14 +33,14 @@ public void SetProcessVolume(string processName, float volume)

 volume = Math.Clamp(volume, 0f, 1f);

List<int> processIds = Process.GetProcessesByName(processName).Select(c => c.Id).ToList(); // this might be slow
 int[] processIds = GetProcessIds(processName);


 for (int i = 0; i < sessions?.Count; i++)
 {
 var session = sessions[i];

 if (processIds.Contains((int)session.GetProcessID))
 if (Array.IndexOf(processIds, (int)session.GetProcessID) >= 0)
 {
 session.SimpleAudioVolume.Volume = volume;
 }
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -69,12 +78,12 @@ public void MuteProcess(string processName, bool mute)
 using var device = _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 var sessions = device.AudioSessionManager.Sessions;

List<int> processIds = Process.GetProcessesByName(processName).Select(c => c.Id).ToList(); // this might be slow
 int[] processIds = GetProcessIds(processName);

 for (int i = 0; i < sessions?.Count; i++)
 {
 var session = sessions[i];
 if (processIds.Contains((int)session.GetProcessID))
 if (Array.IndexOf(processIds, (int)session.GetProcessID) >= 0)
 {
 session.SimpleAudioVolume.Mute = mute;
 }
Expand All@@ -83,7 +92,13 @@ public void MuteProcess(string processName, bool mute)

 public void MuteSystem(bool mute)
 {
 using var device = _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 using var device = GetOutputDevice(null);
 if (device != null) device.AudioEndpointVolume.Mute = mute;
 }

 public void MuteSystem(bool mute, string? outputDeviceName)
 {
 using var device = GetOutputDevice(outputDeviceName);
 if (device != null) device.AudioEndpointVolume.Mute = mute;
 }

Expand All@@ -102,12 +117,12 @@ public bool IsProcessMute(string processName)
 using var device = _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 var sessions = device.AudioSessionManager.Sessions;

List<int> processIds = Process.GetProcessesByName(processName).Select(c => c.Id).ToList(); // this might be slow
 int[] processIds = GetProcessIds(processName);

 for (int i = 0; i < sessions?.Count; i++)
 {
 var session = sessions[i];
 if (processIds.Contains((int)session.GetProcessID))
 if (Array.IndexOf(processIds, (int)session.GetProcessID) >= 0)
 {
 return session.SimpleAudioVolume.Mute;
 }
Expand All@@ -117,7 +132,14 @@ public bool IsProcessMute(string processName)

 public bool IsSystemMute()
 {
 using var device = _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 using var device = GetOutputDevice(null);
 if (device != null) return device.AudioEndpointVolume.Mute;
 return false;
 }

 public bool IsSystemMute(string? outputDeviceName)
 {
 using var device = GetOutputDevice(outputDeviceName);
 if (device != null) return device.AudioEndpointVolume.Mute;
 return false;
 }
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -149,25 +171,141 @@ public List<MMDevice> GetMics()
 return mics;
 }

 public List<string> GetMicNames()
 {
 var names = new List<string>();
 using var enumerator = new MMDeviceEnumerator();
 foreach (var device in enumerator.EnumerateAudioEndPoints(DataFlow.Capture, DeviceState.Active))
 {
 names.Add(device.DeviceFriendlyName);
 device.Dispose();
 }
 return names;
 }

 public SessionCollection GetAudioSessions()
 {
 using var device = _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 var sessions = device.AudioSessionManager.Sessions;
 return sessions;
 }

 private int[] GetProcessIds(string processName)
 {
 long nowTick = Environment.TickCount64;
 if (_processIdsCache.TryGetValue(processName, out var cacheEntry))
 {
 if ((nowTick - cacheEntry.Tick) <= ProcessIdsCacheLifetimeMs)
 {
 return cacheEntry.ProcessIds;
 }
 }

 var processes = Process.GetProcessesByName(processName);
 var processIds = new int[processes.Length];
 for (int i = 0; i < processes.Length; i++)
 {
 processIds[i] = processes[i].Id;
 processes[i].Dispose();
 }
 _processIdsCache[processName] = (nowTick, processIds);
 long lastTrimTick = Interlocked.Read(ref _lastProcessCacheTrimTick);
 if (_processIdsCache.Count >= ProcessIdsCacheMaxEntries ||
 (nowTick - lastTrimTick) > ProcessIdsCacheTrimIntervalMs)
 {
 if (Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref _lastProcessCacheTrimTick, nowTick, lastTrimTick) == lastTrimTick)
 {
 TrimProcessCache(nowTick);
 }
 }
 return processIds;
 }

 private void TrimProcessCache(long nowTick)
 {
 var staleEntries = new List<(string Key, long Tick)>();
 foreach (var entry in _processIdsCache)
 {
 if ((nowTick - entry.Value.Tick) > ProcessIdsCacheLifetimeMs)
 staleEntries.Add((entry.Key, entry.Value.Tick));
 }

 foreach (var entry in staleEntries)
 {
 _processIdsCache.TryRemove(entry.Key, out _);
 }

 int overflow = _processIdsCache.Count - ProcessIdsCacheMaxEntries;
 if (overflow <= 0) return;

 var staleKeySet = staleEntries.Count > 0
 ? new HashSet<string>(staleEntries.Select(e => e.Key))
 : null;
 var oldestKeys = _processIdsCache
 .Where(entry => staleKeySet == null || !staleKeySet.Contains(entry.Key))
 .OrderBy(entry => entry.Value.Tick)
 .Take(overflow)
 .Select(entry => entry.Key)
 .ToList();
 foreach (var key in oldestKeys)
 _processIdsCache.TryRemove(key, out _);
 }

 public List<MMDevice> GetOutputDevices()
 {
 return _enum.EnumerateAudioEndPoints(DataFlow.Render, DeviceState.Active).ToList();
 }

 public List<string> GetOutputDeviceNames()
 {
 var names = new List<string>();
 foreach (var device in _enum.EnumerateAudioEndPoints(DataFlow.Render, DeviceState.Active))
 {
 names.Add(device.DeviceFriendlyName);
 device.Dispose();
 }
 return names;
 }

 private MMDevice? GetOutputDevice(string? outputDeviceName)
 {
 if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(outputDeviceName))
 return _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);

 return GetOutputDevices().FirstOrDefault(d => d.DeviceFriendlyName == outputDeviceName)
 ?? _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 long nowTick = Environment.TickCount64;
 if (_outputDeviceIdCache.TryGetValue(outputDeviceName, out var cacheEntry) &&
 (nowTick - cacheEntry.Tick) <= OutputDeviceCacheLifetimeMs)
 {
 try
 {
 return _enum.GetDevice(cacheEntry.DeviceId);
 }
 catch
 {
 _outputDeviceIdCache.TryRemove(outputDeviceName, out _);
 }
 }

 MMDevice? matchedDevice = null;
 foreach (var device in _enum.EnumerateAudioEndPoints(DataFlow.Render, DeviceState.Active))
 {
 if (matchedDevice == null && device.DeviceFriendlyName == outputDeviceName)
 {
 matchedDevice = device;
 }
 else
 {
 device.Dispose();
 }
 }

 if (matchedDevice != null)
 {
 _outputDeviceIdCache[outputDeviceName] = (nowTick, matchedDevice.ID);
 return matchedDevice;
 }

 return _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 }
 }
}

6 changes: 3 additions & 3 deletions
ControlPad/Windows/EditButtonCategoryWindow.xaml.cs

View file


Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -125,9 +125,9 @@ private void btn_settings_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

 if (micDialog.ShowDialog() == true)
 {
 control.ButtonAction.ActionProperty = micDialog.SelectedMic?.DeviceFriendlyName;
 control.ButtonAction.ActionPropertyDisplay = micDialog.SelectedMic?.DeviceFriendlyName;
 control.TextBlock.Text = $"{control.ButtonAction.ActionType.Description}: {micDialog.SelectedMic?.DeviceFriendlyName}";
 control.ButtonAction.ActionProperty = micDialog.SelectedMicName;
 control.ButtonAction.ActionPropertyDisplay = micDialog.SelectedMicName;
 control.TextBlock.Text = $"{control.ButtonAction.ActionType.Description}: {micDialog.SelectedMicName}";
 }
 break;
 } 
Expand Down

4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions
ControlPad/Windows/EditSliderCategoryWindow.xaml.cs

View file


Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ private void btn_AddMic_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)

 if (dialog.ShowDialog() == true)
 {
 DataHandler.SliderCategories[indexOfCategory].AudioStreams.Add(new AudioStream(null, dialog.SelectedMic?.DeviceFriendlyName));
 DataHandler.SliderCategories[indexOfCategory].AudioStreams.Add(new AudioStream(null, dialog.SelectedMicName));
 }
 }

Expand All@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ private void btn_AddMainOutput_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
 if (dialog.ShowDialog() == true)
 {
 DataHandler.SliderCategories[indexOfCategory].AudioStreams.Add(
 new AudioStream(null, null, dialog.SelectedOutputDevice?.DeviceFriendlyName)
 new AudioStream(null, null, dialog.SelectedOutputDeviceName)
 );
 }
 }
Expand Down

25 changes: 5 additions & 20 deletions
ControlPad/Windows/Popups/SelectMicPopup.xaml.cs

View file


Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -1,38 +1,23 @@
using NAudio.CoreAudioApi;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
using System.Windows.Shapes;
using System.Windows;
using Wpf.Ui.Controls;

namespace ControlPad
{
 public partial class SelectMicPopup : FluentWindow
 {
 AudioController audioController = new AudioController();
 public MMDevice? SelectedMic { get; set; }
 public string? SelectedMicName { get; set; }
 public SelectMicPopup()
 {
 InitializeComponent();
 cb_Mics.DisplayMemberPath = "DeviceFriendlyName";
 cb_Mics.ItemsSource = audioController.GetMics();
 cb_Mics.ItemsSource = audioController.GetMicNames();
 }

 private void btn_Ok_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
 {
 if (cb_Mics.SelectedItem is not MMDevice device) return;
 if (cb_Mics.SelectedItem is not string micName) return;

SelectedMic = device;
SelectedMicName = micName;
 DialogResult = true;
 }

Expand Down

12 changes: 5 additions & 7 deletions
ControlPad/Windows/Popups/SelectOutputDevicePopup.xaml.cs

View file


Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -1,25 +1,23 @@
using NAudio.CoreAudioApi;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows;
using Wpf.Ui.Controls;

namespace ControlPad
{
 public partial class SelectOutputDevicePopup : FluentWindow
 {
 public MMDevice? SelectedOutputDevice { get; set; }
 public string? SelectedOutputDeviceName { get; set; }

 public SelectOutputDevicePopup()
 {
 InitializeComponent();
 cb_OutputDevices.DisplayMemberPath = "DeviceFriendlyName";
 cb_OutputDevices.ItemsSource = new AudioController().GetOutputDevices();
 cb_OutputDevices.ItemsSource = new AudioController().GetOutputDeviceNames();
 }

 private void btn_Ok_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
 {
 if (cb_OutputDevices.SelectedItem is not MMDevice device) return;
 if (cb_OutputDevices.SelectedItem is not string outputName) return;

SelectedOutputDevice = device;
SelectedOutputDeviceName = outputName;
 DialogResult = true;
 }

Expand Down
Loading

, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
injectUserscript("// Strip utm_, fbclid, gclid, etc. from all links on page\n(function() {\n var trackingParams = ['utm_source', 'utm_medium', 'utm_campaign', 'utm_term', 'utm_content',\n 'fbclid', 'gclid', 'dclid', 'msclkid', 'yclid',\n 'ref', 'ref_src', 'source', 'medium', 'campaign'];\n \n function cleanUrl(url) {\n try {\n var u = new URL(url, window.location.origin);\n var changed = false;\n trackingParams.forEach(function(p) {\n if (u.searchParams.has(p)) {\n u.searchParams.delete(p);\n changed = true;\n }\n });\n return changed ? u.toString() : url;\n } catch (e) {\n return url;\n }\n }\n \n function cleanLinks() {\n document.querySelectorAll('a[href]').forEach(function(a) {\n var clean = cleanUrl(a.href);\n if (clean !== a.href) a.href = clean;\n });\n }\n \n cleanLinks();\n \n var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {\n mutations.forEach(function(m) {\n m.addedNodes.forEach(function(node) {\n if (node.nodeType === 1) {\n if (node.tagName === 'A') cleanLinks();\n node.querySelectorAll('a[href]').forEach(function(a) {\n var clean = cleanUrl(a.href);\n if (clean !== a.href) a.href = clean;\n });\n }\n });\n });\n });\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });\n})();", "Remove Tracking Parameters from Links");
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Remove Tracking Parameters from Links]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "youtube.com";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + "youtube\\.com" + '

Skip to content
Reduce CPU spikes in slider/output audio paths#28

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Have a question about this project? Sign up for a free GitHub account to open an issue and contact its maintainers and the community.

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privacy statement. We’ll occasionally send you account related emails.

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to your account

 Merged

PalmarHealer
merged 8 commits into

from

Mar 20, 2026
 Merged


Reduce CPU spikes in slider/output audio paths
#28
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 Changes from all commits
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8 commits


Select commit
Hold shift + click to select a range
d246127

Throttle serial update dispatch and cache process lookups


Copilot Mar 19, 2026
93fd764

Refine throttling and cache housekeeping


Copilot Mar 19, 2026
27964d3

Finalize issue #20 performance improvements


Copilot Mar 19, 2026
0447094

Merge origin/main and reconcile AudioController optimizations


Copilot Mar 20, 2026
f4b3d98

Merge main and optimize output-device audio path


Copilot Mar 20, 2026
43f289c

Address review feedback for lock-free throttle and cache trim


Copilot Mar 20, 2026
ae1410f

Finalize AudioController cache and output-device handling polish


Copilot Mar 20, 2026
d9c6ac5

Optimize mic/output selector popups to avoid MMDevice object churn


Copilot Mar 20, 2026

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13 changes: 12 additions & 1 deletion
ControlPad/Arduino/ArduinoController.cs

View file


Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -17,13 +17,15 @@
 private static SerialPort? _serialPort;
 private static ManagementEventWatcher? _insertWatcher;
 private static ManagementEventWatcher? _removeWatcher;
 private static MainWindow _mainWindow;

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on line 20
in ControlPad/Arduino/ArduinoController.cs

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Non-nullable field '_mainWindow' must contain a non-null value when exiting constructor. Consider adding the 'required' modifier or declaring the field as nullable.
 private static EventHandler _eventHandler;

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on line 21
in ControlPad/Arduino/ArduinoController.cs

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Non-nullable field '_eventHandler' must contain a non-null value when exiting constructor. Consider adding the 'required' modifier or declaring the field as nullable.
 public static bool IsConnected = false;
 private static CancellationTokenSource? _readCts;
 private static readonly StringBuilder _lineBuf = new();
 private static BoardType _lastBoardType = BoardType.None;
 private static BadgeType _lastBadgeType = BadgeType.None;
 private static long _lastEventDispatchTick;
 private const int EventDispatchIntervalMs = 16;

 public static void Initialize(MainWindow mainWindow, EventHandler eventHandler)
 {
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -202,7 +204,16 @@

 UpdateValues(inputs[2..]);

 // UI-Updates ggf. drosseln
 long nowTick = Environment.TickCount64;
 long lastTick = Interlocked.Read(ref _lastEventDispatchTick);
 bool shouldDispatch = (nowTick - lastTick) >= EventDispatchIntervalMs &&
 Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref _lastEventDispatchTick, nowTick, lastTick) == lastTick;

 if (!shouldDispatch)
 {
 return;
 }

 _mainWindow._homeUserControl.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>
 _eventHandler.Update(DataHandler.SliderValues, DataHandler.ButtonValues)
 );
Expand Down

2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion
ControlPad/EventHandler.cs

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Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
 else if (stream.MicName != null)
 Task.Run(() => AudioController.MuteMic(stream.MicName, false));
 else if (stream.Process == null && stream.MicName == null)
 Task.Run(() => AudioController.MuteSystem(false));
 Task.Run(() => AudioController.MuteSystem(false, stream.DeviceName));
 }

 if (stream.Process != null)
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
 {
 if (IsPressed && !IsPressedOld)
 { 
 AudioController.MuteProcess(buttonAction.ActionProperty, !AudioController.IsProcessMute(buttonAction.ActionProperty));

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Possible null reference argument for parameter 'processName' in 'void AudioController.MuteProcess(string processName, bool mute)'.

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in ControlPad/EventHandler.cs

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Possible null reference argument for parameter 'processName' in 'bool AudioController.IsProcessMute(string processName)'.
 }
 break;
 }
Expand All@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@
 {
 if (IsPressed && !IsPressedOld)
 {
 AudioController.MuteMic(buttonAction.ActionProperty, !AudioController.IsMicMute(buttonAction.ActionProperty));

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Possible null reference argument for parameter 'micName' in 'void AudioController.MuteMic(string micName, bool mute)'.

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Possible null reference argument for parameter 'micName' in 'bool AudioController.IsMicMute(string micName)'.
 }
 break;
 }
Expand Down

158 changes: 148 additions & 10 deletions
ControlPad/System/AudioController.cs

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Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -3,15 +3,24 @@
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Threading;
using System.Windows;
using System.Linq;

namespace ControlPad
{
 public class AudioController
 {
 private MMDeviceEnumerator _enum;
 private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, (long Tick, int[] ProcessIds)> _processIdsCache = new();
 private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, (long Tick, string DeviceId)> _outputDeviceIdCache = new();
 private const int ProcessIdsCacheLifetimeMs = 500;
 private const int ProcessIdsCacheTrimIntervalMs = 5000;
 private const int ProcessIdsCacheMaxEntries = 128;
 private const int OutputDeviceCacheLifetimeMs = 3000;
 private long _lastProcessCacheTrimTick = Environment.TickCount64;

 public AudioController()
 { 
Expand All@@ -24,14 +33,14 @@ public void SetProcessVolume(string processName, float volume)

 volume = Math.Clamp(volume, 0f, 1f);

List<int> processIds = Process.GetProcessesByName(processName).Select(c => c.Id).ToList(); // this might be slow
 int[] processIds = GetProcessIds(processName);


 for (int i = 0; i < sessions?.Count; i++)
 {
 var session = sessions[i];

 if (processIds.Contains((int)session.GetProcessID))
 if (Array.IndexOf(processIds, (int)session.GetProcessID) >= 0)
 {
 session.SimpleAudioVolume.Volume = volume;
 }
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -69,12 +78,12 @@ public void MuteProcess(string processName, bool mute)
 using var device = _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 var sessions = device.AudioSessionManager.Sessions;

List<int> processIds = Process.GetProcessesByName(processName).Select(c => c.Id).ToList(); // this might be slow
 int[] processIds = GetProcessIds(processName);

 for (int i = 0; i < sessions?.Count; i++)
 {
 var session = sessions[i];
 if (processIds.Contains((int)session.GetProcessID))
 if (Array.IndexOf(processIds, (int)session.GetProcessID) >= 0)
 {
 session.SimpleAudioVolume.Mute = mute;
 }
Expand All@@ -83,7 +92,13 @@ public void MuteProcess(string processName, bool mute)

 public void MuteSystem(bool mute)
 {
 using var device = _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 using var device = GetOutputDevice(null);
 if (device != null) device.AudioEndpointVolume.Mute = mute;
 }

 public void MuteSystem(bool mute, string? outputDeviceName)
 {
 using var device = GetOutputDevice(outputDeviceName);
 if (device != null) device.AudioEndpointVolume.Mute = mute;
 }

Expand All@@ -102,12 +117,12 @@ public bool IsProcessMute(string processName)
 using var device = _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 var sessions = device.AudioSessionManager.Sessions;

List<int> processIds = Process.GetProcessesByName(processName).Select(c => c.Id).ToList(); // this might be slow
 int[] processIds = GetProcessIds(processName);

 for (int i = 0; i < sessions?.Count; i++)
 {
 var session = sessions[i];
 if (processIds.Contains((int)session.GetProcessID))
 if (Array.IndexOf(processIds, (int)session.GetProcessID) >= 0)
 {
 return session.SimpleAudioVolume.Mute;
 }
Expand All@@ -117,7 +132,14 @@ public bool IsProcessMute(string processName)

 public bool IsSystemMute()
 {
 using var device = _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 using var device = GetOutputDevice(null);
 if (device != null) return device.AudioEndpointVolume.Mute;
 return false;
 }

 public bool IsSystemMute(string? outputDeviceName)
 {
 using var device = GetOutputDevice(outputDeviceName);
 if (device != null) return device.AudioEndpointVolume.Mute;
 return false;
 }
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -149,25 +171,141 @@ public List<MMDevice> GetMics()
 return mics;
 }

 public List<string> GetMicNames()
 {
 var names = new List<string>();
 using var enumerator = new MMDeviceEnumerator();
 foreach (var device in enumerator.EnumerateAudioEndPoints(DataFlow.Capture, DeviceState.Active))
 {
 names.Add(device.DeviceFriendlyName);
 device.Dispose();
 }
 return names;
 }

 public SessionCollection GetAudioSessions()
 {
 using var device = _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 var sessions = device.AudioSessionManager.Sessions;
 return sessions;
 }

 private int[] GetProcessIds(string processName)
 {
 long nowTick = Environment.TickCount64;
 if (_processIdsCache.TryGetValue(processName, out var cacheEntry))
 {
 if ((nowTick - cacheEntry.Tick) <= ProcessIdsCacheLifetimeMs)
 {
 return cacheEntry.ProcessIds;
 }
 }

 var processes = Process.GetProcessesByName(processName);
 var processIds = new int[processes.Length];
 for (int i = 0; i < processes.Length; i++)
 {
 processIds[i] = processes[i].Id;
 processes[i].Dispose();
 }
 _processIdsCache[processName] = (nowTick, processIds);
 long lastTrimTick = Interlocked.Read(ref _lastProcessCacheTrimTick);
 if (_processIdsCache.Count >= ProcessIdsCacheMaxEntries ||
 (nowTick - lastTrimTick) > ProcessIdsCacheTrimIntervalMs)
 {
 if (Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref _lastProcessCacheTrimTick, nowTick, lastTrimTick) == lastTrimTick)
 {
 TrimProcessCache(nowTick);
 }
 }
 return processIds;
 }

 private void TrimProcessCache(long nowTick)
 {
 var staleEntries = new List<(string Key, long Tick)>();
 foreach (var entry in _processIdsCache)
 {
 if ((nowTick - entry.Value.Tick) > ProcessIdsCacheLifetimeMs)
 staleEntries.Add((entry.Key, entry.Value.Tick));
 }

 foreach (var entry in staleEntries)
 {
 _processIdsCache.TryRemove(entry.Key, out _);
 }

 int overflow = _processIdsCache.Count - ProcessIdsCacheMaxEntries;
 if (overflow <= 0) return;

 var staleKeySet = staleEntries.Count > 0
 ? new HashSet<string>(staleEntries.Select(e => e.Key))
 : null;
 var oldestKeys = _processIdsCache
 .Where(entry => staleKeySet == null || !staleKeySet.Contains(entry.Key))
 .OrderBy(entry => entry.Value.Tick)
 .Take(overflow)
 .Select(entry => entry.Key)
 .ToList();
 foreach (var key in oldestKeys)
 _processIdsCache.TryRemove(key, out _);
 }

 public List<MMDevice> GetOutputDevices()
 {
 return _enum.EnumerateAudioEndPoints(DataFlow.Render, DeviceState.Active).ToList();
 }

 public List<string> GetOutputDeviceNames()
 {
 var names = new List<string>();
 foreach (var device in _enum.EnumerateAudioEndPoints(DataFlow.Render, DeviceState.Active))
 {
 names.Add(device.DeviceFriendlyName);
 device.Dispose();
 }
 return names;
 }

 private MMDevice? GetOutputDevice(string? outputDeviceName)
 {
 if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(outputDeviceName))
 return _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);

 return GetOutputDevices().FirstOrDefault(d => d.DeviceFriendlyName == outputDeviceName)
 ?? _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 long nowTick = Environment.TickCount64;
 if (_outputDeviceIdCache.TryGetValue(outputDeviceName, out var cacheEntry) &&
 (nowTick - cacheEntry.Tick) <= OutputDeviceCacheLifetimeMs)
 {
 try
 {
 return _enum.GetDevice(cacheEntry.DeviceId);
 }
 catch
 {
 _outputDeviceIdCache.TryRemove(outputDeviceName, out _);
 }
 }

 MMDevice? matchedDevice = null;
 foreach (var device in _enum.EnumerateAudioEndPoints(DataFlow.Render, DeviceState.Active))
 {
 if (matchedDevice == null && device.DeviceFriendlyName == outputDeviceName)
 {
 matchedDevice = device;
 }
 else
 {
 device.Dispose();
 }
 }

 if (matchedDevice != null)
 {
 _outputDeviceIdCache[outputDeviceName] = (nowTick, matchedDevice.ID);
 return matchedDevice;
 }

 return _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 }
 }
}

6 changes: 3 additions & 3 deletions
ControlPad/Windows/EditButtonCategoryWindow.xaml.cs

View file


Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -125,9 +125,9 @@ private void btn_settings_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

 if (micDialog.ShowDialog() == true)
 {
 control.ButtonAction.ActionProperty = micDialog.SelectedMic?.DeviceFriendlyName;
 control.ButtonAction.ActionPropertyDisplay = micDialog.SelectedMic?.DeviceFriendlyName;
 control.TextBlock.Text = $"{control.ButtonAction.ActionType.Description}: {micDialog.SelectedMic?.DeviceFriendlyName}";
 control.ButtonAction.ActionProperty = micDialog.SelectedMicName;
 control.ButtonAction.ActionPropertyDisplay = micDialog.SelectedMicName;
 control.TextBlock.Text = $"{control.ButtonAction.ActionType.Description}: {micDialog.SelectedMicName}";
 }
 break;
 } 
Expand Down

4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions
ControlPad/Windows/EditSliderCategoryWindow.xaml.cs

View file


Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ private void btn_AddMic_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)

 if (dialog.ShowDialog() == true)
 {
 DataHandler.SliderCategories[indexOfCategory].AudioStreams.Add(new AudioStream(null, dialog.SelectedMic?.DeviceFriendlyName));
 DataHandler.SliderCategories[indexOfCategory].AudioStreams.Add(new AudioStream(null, dialog.SelectedMicName));
 }
 }

Expand All@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ private void btn_AddMainOutput_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
 if (dialog.ShowDialog() == true)
 {
 DataHandler.SliderCategories[indexOfCategory].AudioStreams.Add(
 new AudioStream(null, null, dialog.SelectedOutputDevice?.DeviceFriendlyName)
 new AudioStream(null, null, dialog.SelectedOutputDeviceName)
 );
 }
 }
Expand Down

25 changes: 5 additions & 20 deletions
ControlPad/Windows/Popups/SelectMicPopup.xaml.cs

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Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -1,38 +1,23 @@
using NAudio.CoreAudioApi;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
using System.Windows.Shapes;
using System.Windows;
using Wpf.Ui.Controls;

namespace ControlPad
{
 public partial class SelectMicPopup : FluentWindow
 {
 AudioController audioController = new AudioController();
 public MMDevice? SelectedMic { get; set; }
 public string? SelectedMicName { get; set; }
 public SelectMicPopup()
 {
 InitializeComponent();
 cb_Mics.DisplayMemberPath = "DeviceFriendlyName";
 cb_Mics.ItemsSource = audioController.GetMics();
 cb_Mics.ItemsSource = audioController.GetMicNames();
 }

 private void btn_Ok_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
 {
 if (cb_Mics.SelectedItem is not MMDevice device) return;
 if (cb_Mics.SelectedItem is not string micName) return;

SelectedMic = device;
SelectedMicName = micName;
 DialogResult = true;
 }

Expand Down

12 changes: 5 additions & 7 deletions
ControlPad/Windows/Popups/SelectOutputDevicePopup.xaml.cs

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Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -1,25 +1,23 @@
using NAudio.CoreAudioApi;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows;
using Wpf.Ui.Controls;

namespace ControlPad
{
 public partial class SelectOutputDevicePopup : FluentWindow
 {
 public MMDevice? SelectedOutputDevice { get; set; }
 public string? SelectedOutputDeviceName { get; set; }

 public SelectOutputDevicePopup()
 {
 InitializeComponent();
 cb_OutputDevices.DisplayMemberPath = "DeviceFriendlyName";
 cb_OutputDevices.ItemsSource = new AudioController().GetOutputDevices();
 cb_OutputDevices.ItemsSource = new AudioController().GetOutputDeviceNames();
 }

 private void btn_Ok_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
 {
 if (cb_OutputDevices.SelectedItem is not MMDevice device) return;
 if (cb_OutputDevices.SelectedItem is not string outputName) return;

SelectedOutputDevice = device;
SelectedOutputDeviceName = outputName;
 DialogResult = true;
 }

Expand Down
Loading

, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
injectUserscript("// Auto-enable theater mode on YouTube\n(function() {\n function tryTheater() {\n var btn = document.querySelector('button[aria-label=\"Theater mode\"], ytd-player #player button[title=\"Theater mode\"]');\n if (btn && !btn.classList.contains('activated')) {\n btn.click();\n }\n }\n \n // Try immediately\n tryTheater();\n \n // Try after navigation (SPA)\n var lastUrl = location.href;\n setInterval(function() {\n if (location.href !== lastUrl) {\n lastUrl = location.href;\n setTimeout(tryTheater, 500);\n }\n }, 1000);\n \n // Also try on player load\n var observer = new MutationObserver(tryTheater);\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });\n})();", "YouTube Theater Mode Default");
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:YouTube Theater Mode Default]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "*";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '

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Reduce CPU spikes in slider/output audio paths#28

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 Merged

PalmarHealer
merged 8 commits into

from

Mar 20, 2026
 Merged


Reduce CPU spikes in slider/output audio paths
#28
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d246127

Throttle serial update dispatch and cache process lookups


Copilot Mar 19, 2026
93fd764

Refine throttling and cache housekeeping


Copilot Mar 19, 2026
27964d3

Finalize issue #20 performance improvements


Copilot Mar 19, 2026
0447094

Merge origin/main and reconcile AudioController optimizations


Copilot Mar 20, 2026
f4b3d98

Merge main and optimize output-device audio path


Copilot Mar 20, 2026
43f289c

Address review feedback for lock-free throttle and cache trim


Copilot Mar 20, 2026
ae1410f

Finalize AudioController cache and output-device handling polish


Copilot Mar 20, 2026
d9c6ac5

Optimize mic/output selector popups to avoid MMDevice object churn


Copilot Mar 20, 2026

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13 changes: 12 additions & 1 deletion
ControlPad/Arduino/ArduinoController.cs

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -17,13 +17,15 @@
 private static SerialPort? _serialPort;
 private static ManagementEventWatcher? _insertWatcher;
 private static ManagementEventWatcher? _removeWatcher;
 private static MainWindow _mainWindow;

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in ControlPad/Arduino/ArduinoController.cs

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Non-nullable field '_mainWindow' must contain a non-null value when exiting constructor. Consider adding the 'required' modifier or declaring the field as nullable.
 private static EventHandler _eventHandler;

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Non-nullable field '_eventHandler' must contain a non-null value when exiting constructor. Consider adding the 'required' modifier or declaring the field as nullable.
 public static bool IsConnected = false;
 private static CancellationTokenSource? _readCts;
 private static readonly StringBuilder _lineBuf = new();
 private static BoardType _lastBoardType = BoardType.None;
 private static BadgeType _lastBadgeType = BadgeType.None;
 private static long _lastEventDispatchTick;
 private const int EventDispatchIntervalMs = 16;

 public static void Initialize(MainWindow mainWindow, EventHandler eventHandler)
 {
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -202,7 +204,16 @@

 UpdateValues(inputs[2..]);

 // UI-Updates ggf. drosseln
 long nowTick = Environment.TickCount64;
 long lastTick = Interlocked.Read(ref _lastEventDispatchTick);
 bool shouldDispatch = (nowTick - lastTick) >= EventDispatchIntervalMs &&
 Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref _lastEventDispatchTick, nowTick, lastTick) == lastTick;

 if (!shouldDispatch)
 {
 return;
 }

 _mainWindow._homeUserControl.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>
 _eventHandler.Update(DataHandler.SliderValues, DataHandler.ButtonValues)
 );
Expand Down

2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion
ControlPad/EventHandler.cs

View file


Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
 else if (stream.MicName != null)
 Task.Run(() => AudioController.MuteMic(stream.MicName, false));
 else if (stream.Process == null && stream.MicName == null)
 Task.Run(() => AudioController.MuteSystem(false));
 Task.Run(() => AudioController.MuteSystem(false, stream.DeviceName));
 }

 if (stream.Process != null)
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
 {
 if (IsPressed && !IsPressedOld)
 { 
 AudioController.MuteProcess(buttonAction.ActionProperty, !AudioController.IsProcessMute(buttonAction.ActionProperty));

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on line 104
in ControlPad/EventHandler.cs

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Possible null reference argument for parameter 'processName' in 'void AudioController.MuteProcess(string processName, bool mute)'.

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on line 104
in ControlPad/EventHandler.cs

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Possible null reference argument for parameter 'processName' in 'bool AudioController.IsProcessMute(string processName)'.
 }
 break;
 }
Expand All@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@
 {
 if (IsPressed && !IsPressedOld)
 {
 AudioController.MuteMic(buttonAction.ActionProperty, !AudioController.IsMicMute(buttonAction.ActionProperty));

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on line 120
in ControlPad/EventHandler.cs

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Possible null reference argument for parameter 'micName' in 'void AudioController.MuteMic(string micName, bool mute)'.

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Possible null reference argument for parameter 'micName' in 'bool AudioController.IsMicMute(string micName)'.
 }
 break;
 }
Expand Down

158 changes: 148 additions & 10 deletions
ControlPad/System/AudioController.cs

View file


Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -3,15 +3,24 @@
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Threading;
using System.Windows;
using System.Linq;

namespace ControlPad
{
 public class AudioController
 {
 private MMDeviceEnumerator _enum;
 private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, (long Tick, int[] ProcessIds)> _processIdsCache = new();
 private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, (long Tick, string DeviceId)> _outputDeviceIdCache = new();
 private const int ProcessIdsCacheLifetimeMs = 500;
 private const int ProcessIdsCacheTrimIntervalMs = 5000;
 private const int ProcessIdsCacheMaxEntries = 128;
 private const int OutputDeviceCacheLifetimeMs = 3000;
 private long _lastProcessCacheTrimTick = Environment.TickCount64;

 public AudioController()
 { 
Expand All@@ -24,14 +33,14 @@ public void SetProcessVolume(string processName, float volume)

 volume = Math.Clamp(volume, 0f, 1f);

List<int> processIds = Process.GetProcessesByName(processName).Select(c => c.Id).ToList(); // this might be slow
 int[] processIds = GetProcessIds(processName);


 for (int i = 0; i < sessions?.Count; i++)
 {
 var session = sessions[i];

 if (processIds.Contains((int)session.GetProcessID))
 if (Array.IndexOf(processIds, (int)session.GetProcessID) >= 0)
 {
 session.SimpleAudioVolume.Volume = volume;
 }
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -69,12 +78,12 @@ public void MuteProcess(string processName, bool mute)
 using var device = _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 var sessions = device.AudioSessionManager.Sessions;

List<int> processIds = Process.GetProcessesByName(processName).Select(c => c.Id).ToList(); // this might be slow
 int[] processIds = GetProcessIds(processName);

 for (int i = 0; i < sessions?.Count; i++)
 {
 var session = sessions[i];
 if (processIds.Contains((int)session.GetProcessID))
 if (Array.IndexOf(processIds, (int)session.GetProcessID) >= 0)
 {
 session.SimpleAudioVolume.Mute = mute;
 }
Expand All@@ -83,7 +92,13 @@ public void MuteProcess(string processName, bool mute)

 public void MuteSystem(bool mute)
 {
 using var device = _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 using var device = GetOutputDevice(null);
 if (device != null) device.AudioEndpointVolume.Mute = mute;
 }

 public void MuteSystem(bool mute, string? outputDeviceName)
 {
 using var device = GetOutputDevice(outputDeviceName);
 if (device != null) device.AudioEndpointVolume.Mute = mute;
 }

Expand All@@ -102,12 +117,12 @@ public bool IsProcessMute(string processName)
 using var device = _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 var sessions = device.AudioSessionManager.Sessions;

List<int> processIds = Process.GetProcessesByName(processName).Select(c => c.Id).ToList(); // this might be slow
 int[] processIds = GetProcessIds(processName);

 for (int i = 0; i < sessions?.Count; i++)
 {
 var session = sessions[i];
 if (processIds.Contains((int)session.GetProcessID))
 if (Array.IndexOf(processIds, (int)session.GetProcessID) >= 0)
 {
 return session.SimpleAudioVolume.Mute;
 }
Expand All@@ -117,7 +132,14 @@ public bool IsProcessMute(string processName)

 public bool IsSystemMute()
 {
 using var device = _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 using var device = GetOutputDevice(null);
 if (device != null) return device.AudioEndpointVolume.Mute;
 return false;
 }

 public bool IsSystemMute(string? outputDeviceName)
 {
 using var device = GetOutputDevice(outputDeviceName);
 if (device != null) return device.AudioEndpointVolume.Mute;
 return false;
 }
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -149,25 +171,141 @@ public List<MMDevice> GetMics()
 return mics;
 }

 public List<string> GetMicNames()
 {
 var names = new List<string>();
 using var enumerator = new MMDeviceEnumerator();
 foreach (var device in enumerator.EnumerateAudioEndPoints(DataFlow.Capture, DeviceState.Active))
 {
 names.Add(device.DeviceFriendlyName);
 device.Dispose();
 }
 return names;
 }

 public SessionCollection GetAudioSessions()
 {
 using var device = _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 var sessions = device.AudioSessionManager.Sessions;
 return sessions;
 }

 private int[] GetProcessIds(string processName)
 {
 long nowTick = Environment.TickCount64;
 if (_processIdsCache.TryGetValue(processName, out var cacheEntry))
 {
 if ((nowTick - cacheEntry.Tick) <= ProcessIdsCacheLifetimeMs)
 {
 return cacheEntry.ProcessIds;
 }
 }

 var processes = Process.GetProcessesByName(processName);
 var processIds = new int[processes.Length];
 for (int i = 0; i < processes.Length; i++)
 {
 processIds[i] = processes[i].Id;
 processes[i].Dispose();
 }
 _processIdsCache[processName] = (nowTick, processIds);
 long lastTrimTick = Interlocked.Read(ref _lastProcessCacheTrimTick);
 if (_processIdsCache.Count >= ProcessIdsCacheMaxEntries ||
 (nowTick - lastTrimTick) > ProcessIdsCacheTrimIntervalMs)
 {
 if (Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref _lastProcessCacheTrimTick, nowTick, lastTrimTick) == lastTrimTick)
 {
 TrimProcessCache(nowTick);
 }
 }
 return processIds;
 }

 private void TrimProcessCache(long nowTick)
 {
 var staleEntries = new List<(string Key, long Tick)>();
 foreach (var entry in _processIdsCache)
 {
 if ((nowTick - entry.Value.Tick) > ProcessIdsCacheLifetimeMs)
 staleEntries.Add((entry.Key, entry.Value.Tick));
 }

 foreach (var entry in staleEntries)
 {
 _processIdsCache.TryRemove(entry.Key, out _);
 }

 int overflow = _processIdsCache.Count - ProcessIdsCacheMaxEntries;
 if (overflow <= 0) return;

 var staleKeySet = staleEntries.Count > 0
 ? new HashSet<string>(staleEntries.Select(e => e.Key))
 : null;
 var oldestKeys = _processIdsCache
 .Where(entry => staleKeySet == null || !staleKeySet.Contains(entry.Key))
 .OrderBy(entry => entry.Value.Tick)
 .Take(overflow)
 .Select(entry => entry.Key)
 .ToList();
 foreach (var key in oldestKeys)
 _processIdsCache.TryRemove(key, out _);
 }

 public List<MMDevice> GetOutputDevices()
 {
 return _enum.EnumerateAudioEndPoints(DataFlow.Render, DeviceState.Active).ToList();
 }

 public List<string> GetOutputDeviceNames()
 {
 var names = new List<string>();
 foreach (var device in _enum.EnumerateAudioEndPoints(DataFlow.Render, DeviceState.Active))
 {
 names.Add(device.DeviceFriendlyName);
 device.Dispose();
 }
 return names;
 }

 private MMDevice? GetOutputDevice(string? outputDeviceName)
 {
 if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(outputDeviceName))
 return _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);

 return GetOutputDevices().FirstOrDefault(d => d.DeviceFriendlyName == outputDeviceName)
 ?? _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 long nowTick = Environment.TickCount64;
 if (_outputDeviceIdCache.TryGetValue(outputDeviceName, out var cacheEntry) &&
 (nowTick - cacheEntry.Tick) <= OutputDeviceCacheLifetimeMs)
 {
 try
 {
 return _enum.GetDevice(cacheEntry.DeviceId);
 }
 catch
 {
 _outputDeviceIdCache.TryRemove(outputDeviceName, out _);
 }
 }

 MMDevice? matchedDevice = null;
 foreach (var device in _enum.EnumerateAudioEndPoints(DataFlow.Render, DeviceState.Active))
 {
 if (matchedDevice == null && device.DeviceFriendlyName == outputDeviceName)
 {
 matchedDevice = device;
 }
 else
 {
 device.Dispose();
 }
 }

 if (matchedDevice != null)
 {
 _outputDeviceIdCache[outputDeviceName] = (nowTick, matchedDevice.ID);
 return matchedDevice;
 }

 return _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 }
 }
}

6 changes: 3 additions & 3 deletions
ControlPad/Windows/EditButtonCategoryWindow.xaml.cs

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Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -125,9 +125,9 @@ private void btn_settings_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

 if (micDialog.ShowDialog() == true)
 {
 control.ButtonAction.ActionProperty = micDialog.SelectedMic?.DeviceFriendlyName;
 control.ButtonAction.ActionPropertyDisplay = micDialog.SelectedMic?.DeviceFriendlyName;
 control.TextBlock.Text = $"{control.ButtonAction.ActionType.Description}: {micDialog.SelectedMic?.DeviceFriendlyName}";
 control.ButtonAction.ActionProperty = micDialog.SelectedMicName;
 control.ButtonAction.ActionPropertyDisplay = micDialog.SelectedMicName;
 control.TextBlock.Text = $"{control.ButtonAction.ActionType.Description}: {micDialog.SelectedMicName}";
 }
 break;
 } 
Expand Down

4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions
ControlPad/Windows/EditSliderCategoryWindow.xaml.cs

View file


Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ private void btn_AddMic_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)

 if (dialog.ShowDialog() == true)
 {
 DataHandler.SliderCategories[indexOfCategory].AudioStreams.Add(new AudioStream(null, dialog.SelectedMic?.DeviceFriendlyName));
 DataHandler.SliderCategories[indexOfCategory].AudioStreams.Add(new AudioStream(null, dialog.SelectedMicName));
 }
 }

Expand All@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ private void btn_AddMainOutput_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
 if (dialog.ShowDialog() == true)
 {
 DataHandler.SliderCategories[indexOfCategory].AudioStreams.Add(
 new AudioStream(null, null, dialog.SelectedOutputDevice?.DeviceFriendlyName)
 new AudioStream(null, null, dialog.SelectedOutputDeviceName)
 );
 }
 }
Expand Down

25 changes: 5 additions & 20 deletions
ControlPad/Windows/Popups/SelectMicPopup.xaml.cs

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Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -1,38 +1,23 @@
using NAudio.CoreAudioApi;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
using System.Windows.Shapes;
using System.Windows;
using Wpf.Ui.Controls;

namespace ControlPad
{
 public partial class SelectMicPopup : FluentWindow
 {
 AudioController audioController = new AudioController();
 public MMDevice? SelectedMic { get; set; }
 public string? SelectedMicName { get; set; }
 public SelectMicPopup()
 {
 InitializeComponent();
 cb_Mics.DisplayMemberPath = "DeviceFriendlyName";
 cb_Mics.ItemsSource = audioController.GetMics();
 cb_Mics.ItemsSource = audioController.GetMicNames();
 }

 private void btn_Ok_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
 {
 if (cb_Mics.SelectedItem is not MMDevice device) return;
 if (cb_Mics.SelectedItem is not string micName) return;

SelectedMic = device;
SelectedMicName = micName;
 DialogResult = true;
 }

Expand Down

12 changes: 5 additions & 7 deletions
ControlPad/Windows/Popups/SelectOutputDevicePopup.xaml.cs

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Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -1,25 +1,23 @@
using NAudio.CoreAudioApi;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows;
using Wpf.Ui.Controls;

namespace ControlPad
{
 public partial class SelectOutputDevicePopup : FluentWindow
 {
 public MMDevice? SelectedOutputDevice { get; set; }
 public string? SelectedOutputDeviceName { get; set; }

 public SelectOutputDevicePopup()
 {
 InitializeComponent();
 cb_OutputDevices.DisplayMemberPath = "DeviceFriendlyName";
 cb_OutputDevices.ItemsSource = new AudioController().GetOutputDevices();
 cb_OutputDevices.ItemsSource = new AudioController().GetOutputDeviceNames();
 }

 private void btn_Ok_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
 {
 if (cb_OutputDevices.SelectedItem is not MMDevice device) return;
 if (cb_OutputDevices.SelectedItem is not string outputName) return;

SelectedOutputDevice = device;
SelectedOutputDeviceName = outputName;
 DialogResult = true;
 }

Expand Down
Loading

, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
injectUserscript("// Remove or un-stick sticky/fixed headers that block content\n(function() {\n function unstick() {\n document.querySelectorAll('header, nav, [role=\"banner\"], .header, .navbar, .sticky, .fixed-top, [style*=\"position: fixed\"], [style*=\"position:sticky\"]').forEach(function(el) {\n if (el.style.position === 'fixed' || el.style.position === 'sticky' || \n getComputedStyle(el).position === 'fixed' || getComputedStyle(el).position === 'sticky') {\n el.style.position = 'static';\n el.style.top = 'auto';\n el.style.zIndex = 'auto';\n }\n });\n }\n \n unstick();\n \n var observer = new MutationObserver(unstick);\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true, attributes: true, attributeFilter: ['style', 'class'] });\n})();", "Kill Sticky Headers");
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Kill Sticky Headers]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "*";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '

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Reduce CPU spikes in slider/output audio paths#28

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 Merged

PalmarHealer
merged 8 commits into

from

Mar 20, 2026
 Merged


Reduce CPU spikes in slider/output audio paths
#28
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d246127

Throttle serial update dispatch and cache process lookups


Copilot Mar 19, 2026
93fd764

Refine throttling and cache housekeeping


Copilot Mar 19, 2026
27964d3

Finalize issue #20 performance improvements


Copilot Mar 19, 2026
0447094

Merge origin/main and reconcile AudioController optimizations


Copilot Mar 20, 2026
f4b3d98

Merge main and optimize output-device audio path


Copilot Mar 20, 2026
43f289c

Address review feedback for lock-free throttle and cache trim


Copilot Mar 20, 2026
ae1410f

Finalize AudioController cache and output-device handling polish


Copilot Mar 20, 2026
d9c6ac5

Optimize mic/output selector popups to avoid MMDevice object churn


Copilot Mar 20, 2026

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13 changes: 12 additions & 1 deletion
ControlPad/Arduino/ArduinoController.cs

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -17,13 +17,15 @@
 private static SerialPort? _serialPort;
 private static ManagementEventWatcher? _insertWatcher;
 private static ManagementEventWatcher? _removeWatcher;
 private static MainWindow _mainWindow;

Check warning
on line 20
in ControlPad/Arduino/ArduinoController.cs

View workflow job for this annotation
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Non-nullable field '_mainWindow' must contain a non-null value when exiting constructor. Consider adding the 'required' modifier or declaring the field as nullable.
 private static EventHandler _eventHandler;

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on line 21
in ControlPad/Arduino/ArduinoController.cs

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GitHub Actions/ build
Non-nullable field '_eventHandler' must contain a non-null value when exiting constructor. Consider adding the 'required' modifier or declaring the field as nullable.
 public static bool IsConnected = false;
 private static CancellationTokenSource? _readCts;
 private static readonly StringBuilder _lineBuf = new();
 private static BoardType _lastBoardType = BoardType.None;
 private static BadgeType _lastBadgeType = BadgeType.None;
 private static long _lastEventDispatchTick;
 private const int EventDispatchIntervalMs = 16;

 public static void Initialize(MainWindow mainWindow, EventHandler eventHandler)
 {
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -202,7 +204,16 @@

 UpdateValues(inputs[2..]);

 // UI-Updates ggf. drosseln
 long nowTick = Environment.TickCount64;
 long lastTick = Interlocked.Read(ref _lastEventDispatchTick);
 bool shouldDispatch = (nowTick - lastTick) >= EventDispatchIntervalMs &&
 Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref _lastEventDispatchTick, nowTick, lastTick) == lastTick;

 if (!shouldDispatch)
 {
 return;
 }

 _mainWindow._homeUserControl.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>
 _eventHandler.Update(DataHandler.SliderValues, DataHandler.ButtonValues)
 );
Expand Down

2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion
ControlPad/EventHandler.cs

View file


Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
 else if (stream.MicName != null)
 Task.Run(() => AudioController.MuteMic(stream.MicName, false));
 else if (stream.Process == null && stream.MicName == null)
 Task.Run(() => AudioController.MuteSystem(false));
 Task.Run(() => AudioController.MuteSystem(false, stream.DeviceName));
 }

 if (stream.Process != null)
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
 {
 if (IsPressed && !IsPressedOld)
 { 
 AudioController.MuteProcess(buttonAction.ActionProperty, !AudioController.IsProcessMute(buttonAction.ActionProperty));

Check warning
on line 104
in ControlPad/EventHandler.cs

View workflow job for this annotation
GitHub Actions/ build
Possible null reference argument for parameter 'processName' in 'void AudioController.MuteProcess(string processName, bool mute)'.

Check warning
on line 104
in ControlPad/EventHandler.cs

View workflow job for this annotation
GitHub Actions/ build
Possible null reference argument for parameter 'processName' in 'bool AudioController.IsProcessMute(string processName)'.
 }
 break;
 }
Expand All@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@
 {
 if (IsPressed && !IsPressedOld)
 {
 AudioController.MuteMic(buttonAction.ActionProperty, !AudioController.IsMicMute(buttonAction.ActionProperty));

Check warning
on line 120
in ControlPad/EventHandler.cs

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Possible null reference argument for parameter 'micName' in 'void AudioController.MuteMic(string micName, bool mute)'.

Check warning
on line 120
in ControlPad/EventHandler.cs

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Possible null reference argument for parameter 'micName' in 'bool AudioController.IsMicMute(string micName)'.
 }
 break;
 }
Expand Down

158 changes: 148 additions & 10 deletions
ControlPad/System/AudioController.cs

View file


Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -3,15 +3,24 @@
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Threading;
using System.Windows;
using System.Linq;

namespace ControlPad
{
 public class AudioController
 {
 private MMDeviceEnumerator _enum;
 private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, (long Tick, int[] ProcessIds)> _processIdsCache = new();
 private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, (long Tick, string DeviceId)> _outputDeviceIdCache = new();
 private const int ProcessIdsCacheLifetimeMs = 500;
 private const int ProcessIdsCacheTrimIntervalMs = 5000;
 private const int ProcessIdsCacheMaxEntries = 128;
 private const int OutputDeviceCacheLifetimeMs = 3000;
 private long _lastProcessCacheTrimTick = Environment.TickCount64;

 public AudioController()
 { 
Expand All@@ -24,14 +33,14 @@ public void SetProcessVolume(string processName, float volume)

 volume = Math.Clamp(volume, 0f, 1f);

List<int> processIds = Process.GetProcessesByName(processName).Select(c => c.Id).ToList(); // this might be slow
 int[] processIds = GetProcessIds(processName);


 for (int i = 0; i < sessions?.Count; i++)
 {
 var session = sessions[i];

 if (processIds.Contains((int)session.GetProcessID))
 if (Array.IndexOf(processIds, (int)session.GetProcessID) >= 0)
 {
 session.SimpleAudioVolume.Volume = volume;
 }
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -69,12 +78,12 @@ public void MuteProcess(string processName, bool mute)
 using var device = _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 var sessions = device.AudioSessionManager.Sessions;

List<int> processIds = Process.GetProcessesByName(processName).Select(c => c.Id).ToList(); // this might be slow
 int[] processIds = GetProcessIds(processName);

 for (int i = 0; i < sessions?.Count; i++)
 {
 var session = sessions[i];
 if (processIds.Contains((int)session.GetProcessID))
 if (Array.IndexOf(processIds, (int)session.GetProcessID) >= 0)
 {
 session.SimpleAudioVolume.Mute = mute;
 }
Expand All@@ -83,7 +92,13 @@ public void MuteProcess(string processName, bool mute)

 public void MuteSystem(bool mute)
 {
 using var device = _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 using var device = GetOutputDevice(null);
 if (device != null) device.AudioEndpointVolume.Mute = mute;
 }

 public void MuteSystem(bool mute, string? outputDeviceName)
 {
 using var device = GetOutputDevice(outputDeviceName);
 if (device != null) device.AudioEndpointVolume.Mute = mute;
 }

Expand All@@ -102,12 +117,12 @@ public bool IsProcessMute(string processName)
 using var device = _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 var sessions = device.AudioSessionManager.Sessions;

List<int> processIds = Process.GetProcessesByName(processName).Select(c => c.Id).ToList(); // this might be slow
 int[] processIds = GetProcessIds(processName);

 for (int i = 0; i < sessions?.Count; i++)
 {
 var session = sessions[i];
 if (processIds.Contains((int)session.GetProcessID))
 if (Array.IndexOf(processIds, (int)session.GetProcessID) >= 0)
 {
 return session.SimpleAudioVolume.Mute;
 }
Expand All@@ -117,7 +132,14 @@ public bool IsProcessMute(string processName)

 public bool IsSystemMute()
 {
 using var device = _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 using var device = GetOutputDevice(null);
 if (device != null) return device.AudioEndpointVolume.Mute;
 return false;
 }

 public bool IsSystemMute(string? outputDeviceName)
 {
 using var device = GetOutputDevice(outputDeviceName);
 if (device != null) return device.AudioEndpointVolume.Mute;
 return false;
 }
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -149,25 +171,141 @@ public List<MMDevice> GetMics()
 return mics;
 }

 public List<string> GetMicNames()
 {
 var names = new List<string>();
 using var enumerator = new MMDeviceEnumerator();
 foreach (var device in enumerator.EnumerateAudioEndPoints(DataFlow.Capture, DeviceState.Active))
 {
 names.Add(device.DeviceFriendlyName);
 device.Dispose();
 }
 return names;
 }

 public SessionCollection GetAudioSessions()
 {
 using var device = _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 var sessions = device.AudioSessionManager.Sessions;
 return sessions;
 }

 private int[] GetProcessIds(string processName)
 {
 long nowTick = Environment.TickCount64;
 if (_processIdsCache.TryGetValue(processName, out var cacheEntry))
 {
 if ((nowTick - cacheEntry.Tick) <= ProcessIdsCacheLifetimeMs)
 {
 return cacheEntry.ProcessIds;
 }
 }

 var processes = Process.GetProcessesByName(processName);
 var processIds = new int[processes.Length];
 for (int i = 0; i < processes.Length; i++)
 {
 processIds[i] = processes[i].Id;
 processes[i].Dispose();
 }
 _processIdsCache[processName] = (nowTick, processIds);
 long lastTrimTick = Interlocked.Read(ref _lastProcessCacheTrimTick);
 if (_processIdsCache.Count >= ProcessIdsCacheMaxEntries ||
 (nowTick - lastTrimTick) > ProcessIdsCacheTrimIntervalMs)
 {
 if (Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref _lastProcessCacheTrimTick, nowTick, lastTrimTick) == lastTrimTick)
 {
 TrimProcessCache(nowTick);
 }
 }
 return processIds;
 }

 private void TrimProcessCache(long nowTick)
 {
 var staleEntries = new List<(string Key, long Tick)>();
 foreach (var entry in _processIdsCache)
 {
 if ((nowTick - entry.Value.Tick) > ProcessIdsCacheLifetimeMs)
 staleEntries.Add((entry.Key, entry.Value.Tick));
 }

 foreach (var entry in staleEntries)
 {
 _processIdsCache.TryRemove(entry.Key, out _);
 }

 int overflow = _processIdsCache.Count - ProcessIdsCacheMaxEntries;
 if (overflow <= 0) return;

 var staleKeySet = staleEntries.Count > 0
 ? new HashSet<string>(staleEntries.Select(e => e.Key))
 : null;
 var oldestKeys = _processIdsCache
 .Where(entry => staleKeySet == null || !staleKeySet.Contains(entry.Key))
 .OrderBy(entry => entry.Value.Tick)
 .Take(overflow)
 .Select(entry => entry.Key)
 .ToList();
 foreach (var key in oldestKeys)
 _processIdsCache.TryRemove(key, out _);
 }

 public List<MMDevice> GetOutputDevices()
 {
 return _enum.EnumerateAudioEndPoints(DataFlow.Render, DeviceState.Active).ToList();
 }

 public List<string> GetOutputDeviceNames()
 {
 var names = new List<string>();
 foreach (var device in _enum.EnumerateAudioEndPoints(DataFlow.Render, DeviceState.Active))
 {
 names.Add(device.DeviceFriendlyName);
 device.Dispose();
 }
 return names;
 }

 private MMDevice? GetOutputDevice(string? outputDeviceName)
 {
 if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(outputDeviceName))
 return _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);

 return GetOutputDevices().FirstOrDefault(d => d.DeviceFriendlyName == outputDeviceName)
 ?? _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 long nowTick = Environment.TickCount64;
 if (_outputDeviceIdCache.TryGetValue(outputDeviceName, out var cacheEntry) &&
 (nowTick - cacheEntry.Tick) <= OutputDeviceCacheLifetimeMs)
 {
 try
 {
 return _enum.GetDevice(cacheEntry.DeviceId);
 }
 catch
 {
 _outputDeviceIdCache.TryRemove(outputDeviceName, out _);
 }
 }

 MMDevice? matchedDevice = null;
 foreach (var device in _enum.EnumerateAudioEndPoints(DataFlow.Render, DeviceState.Active))
 {
 if (matchedDevice == null && device.DeviceFriendlyName == outputDeviceName)
 {
 matchedDevice = device;
 }
 else
 {
 device.Dispose();
 }
 }

 if (matchedDevice != null)
 {
 _outputDeviceIdCache[outputDeviceName] = (nowTick, matchedDevice.ID);
 return matchedDevice;
 }

 return _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 }
 }
}

6 changes: 3 additions & 3 deletions
ControlPad/Windows/EditButtonCategoryWindow.xaml.cs

View file


Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -125,9 +125,9 @@ private void btn_settings_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

 if (micDialog.ShowDialog() == true)
 {
 control.ButtonAction.ActionProperty = micDialog.SelectedMic?.DeviceFriendlyName;
 control.ButtonAction.ActionPropertyDisplay = micDialog.SelectedMic?.DeviceFriendlyName;
 control.TextBlock.Text = $"{control.ButtonAction.ActionType.Description}: {micDialog.SelectedMic?.DeviceFriendlyName}";
 control.ButtonAction.ActionProperty = micDialog.SelectedMicName;
 control.ButtonAction.ActionPropertyDisplay = micDialog.SelectedMicName;
 control.TextBlock.Text = $"{control.ButtonAction.ActionType.Description}: {micDialog.SelectedMicName}";
 }
 break;
 } 
Expand Down

4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions
ControlPad/Windows/EditSliderCategoryWindow.xaml.cs

View file


Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ private void btn_AddMic_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)

 if (dialog.ShowDialog() == true)
 {
 DataHandler.SliderCategories[indexOfCategory].AudioStreams.Add(new AudioStream(null, dialog.SelectedMic?.DeviceFriendlyName));
 DataHandler.SliderCategories[indexOfCategory].AudioStreams.Add(new AudioStream(null, dialog.SelectedMicName));
 }
 }

Expand All@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ private void btn_AddMainOutput_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
 if (dialog.ShowDialog() == true)
 {
 DataHandler.SliderCategories[indexOfCategory].AudioStreams.Add(
 new AudioStream(null, null, dialog.SelectedOutputDevice?.DeviceFriendlyName)
 new AudioStream(null, null, dialog.SelectedOutputDeviceName)
 );
 }
 }
Expand Down

25 changes: 5 additions & 20 deletions
ControlPad/Windows/Popups/SelectMicPopup.xaml.cs

View file


Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -1,38 +1,23 @@
using NAudio.CoreAudioApi;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
using System.Windows.Shapes;
using System.Windows;
using Wpf.Ui.Controls;

namespace ControlPad
{
 public partial class SelectMicPopup : FluentWindow
 {
 AudioController audioController = new AudioController();
 public MMDevice? SelectedMic { get; set; }
 public string? SelectedMicName { get; set; }
 public SelectMicPopup()
 {
 InitializeComponent();
 cb_Mics.DisplayMemberPath = "DeviceFriendlyName";
 cb_Mics.ItemsSource = audioController.GetMics();
 cb_Mics.ItemsSource = audioController.GetMicNames();
 }

 private void btn_Ok_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
 {
 if (cb_Mics.SelectedItem is not MMDevice device) return;
 if (cb_Mics.SelectedItem is not string micName) return;

SelectedMic = device;
SelectedMicName = micName;
 DialogResult = true;
 }

Expand Down

12 changes: 5 additions & 7 deletions
ControlPad/Windows/Popups/SelectOutputDevicePopup.xaml.cs

View file


Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -1,25 +1,23 @@
using NAudio.CoreAudioApi;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows;
using Wpf.Ui.Controls;

namespace ControlPad
{
 public partial class SelectOutputDevicePopup : FluentWindow
 {
 public MMDevice? SelectedOutputDevice { get; set; }
 public string? SelectedOutputDeviceName { get; set; }

 public SelectOutputDevicePopup()
 {
 InitializeComponent();
 cb_OutputDevices.DisplayMemberPath = "DeviceFriendlyName";
 cb_OutputDevices.ItemsSource = new AudioController().GetOutputDevices();
 cb_OutputDevices.ItemsSource = new AudioController().GetOutputDeviceNames();
 }

 private void btn_Ok_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
 {
 if (cb_OutputDevices.SelectedItem is not MMDevice device) return;
 if (cb_OutputDevices.SelectedItem is not string outputName) return;

SelectedOutputDevice = device;
SelectedOutputDeviceName = outputName;
 DialogResult = true;
 }

Expand Down
Loading

, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
injectUserscript("// Universal Dark Mode - works on any site\n(function() {\n var enabled = true;\n \n function applyDarkMode() {\n if (!enabled) return;\n \n // Create style element if it doesn't exist\n var style = document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style');\n if (!style) {\n style = document.createElement('style');\n style.id = 'universal-dark-mode-style';\n document.head.appendChild(style);\n }\n \n // Dark mode CSS - inverts colors but preserves images/video\n style.textContent = '\n /* Invert everything except media */\n html {\n filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important;\n background: #1a1a2e !important;\n }\n \n /* Restore images, videos, iframes, canvas */\n img, video, iframe, canvas, svg, picture, [style*=\"background-image\"] {\n filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important;\n }\n \n /* Preserve specific elements that should not be inverted */\n .no-dark-mode, .no-dark-mode *,\n [data-theme=\"light\"], [data-theme=\"light\"],\n .ace_editor, .ace_editor *,\n .CodeMirror, .CodeMirror *,\n .monaco-editor, .monaco-editor *,\n .markdown-body pre, .markdown-body pre *,\n .highlight, .highlight *,\n pre code, pre code * {\n filter: none !important;\n }\n \n /* Fix common UI elements */\n .modal, .popup, .dropdown-menu, .tooltip, .popover {\n filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important;\n background: #2d2d44 !important;\n border-color: #444 !important;\n }\n \n /* Scrollbars */\n ::-webkit-scrollbar { background: #1a1a2e !important; }\n ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background: #444 !important; }\n ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover { background: #555 !important; }\n \n /* Selection */\n ::selection { background: #4ecdc4 !important; color: #1a1a2e !important; }\n ::-moz-selection { background: #4ecdc4 !important; color: #1a1a2e !important; }\n ';\n }\n \n function removeDarkMode() {\n var style = document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style');\n if (style) style.remove();\n }\n \n // Toggle with Alt+Shift+D\n document.addEventListener('keydown', function(e) {\n if (e.altKey && e.shiftKey && e.key === 'D') {\n e.preventDefault();\n enabled = !enabled;\n if (enabled) {\n applyDarkMode();\n console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Enabled');\n } else {\n removeDarkMode();\n console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Disabled');\n }\n }\n });\n \n // Apply on load\n applyDarkMode();\n \n // Re-apply on dynamic content\n var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {\n if (enabled && !document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style')) {\n applyDarkMode();\n }\n });\n observer.observe(document.head, { childList: true });\n \n console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Loaded - Press Alt+Shift+D to toggle');\n})();", "Universal Dark Mode");
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Universal Dark Mode]', __e); }
})();
})();

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Reduce CPU spikes in slider/output audio paths#28

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 Merged

PalmarHealer
merged 8 commits into

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Mar 20, 2026
 Merged


Reduce CPU spikes in slider/output audio paths
#28
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d246127

Throttle serial update dispatch and cache process lookups


Copilot Mar 19, 2026
93fd764

Refine throttling and cache housekeeping


Copilot Mar 19, 2026
27964d3

Finalize issue #20 performance improvements


Copilot Mar 19, 2026
0447094

Merge origin/main and reconcile AudioController optimizations


Copilot Mar 20, 2026
f4b3d98

Merge main and optimize output-device audio path


Copilot Mar 20, 2026
43f289c

Address review feedback for lock-free throttle and cache trim


Copilot Mar 20, 2026
ae1410f

Finalize AudioController cache and output-device handling polish


Copilot Mar 20, 2026
d9c6ac5

Optimize mic/output selector popups to avoid MMDevice object churn


Copilot Mar 20, 2026

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13 changes: 12 additions & 1 deletion
ControlPad/Arduino/ArduinoController.cs

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -17,13 +17,15 @@
 private static SerialPort? _serialPort;
 private static ManagementEventWatcher? _insertWatcher;
 private static ManagementEventWatcher? _removeWatcher;
 private static MainWindow _mainWindow;

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on line 20
in ControlPad/Arduino/ArduinoController.cs

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Non-nullable field '_mainWindow' must contain a non-null value when exiting constructor. Consider adding the 'required' modifier or declaring the field as nullable.
 private static EventHandler _eventHandler;

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in ControlPad/Arduino/ArduinoController.cs

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Non-nullable field '_eventHandler' must contain a non-null value when exiting constructor. Consider adding the 'required' modifier or declaring the field as nullable.
 public static bool IsConnected = false;
 private static CancellationTokenSource? _readCts;
 private static readonly StringBuilder _lineBuf = new();
 private static BoardType _lastBoardType = BoardType.None;
 private static BadgeType _lastBadgeType = BadgeType.None;
 private static long _lastEventDispatchTick;
 private const int EventDispatchIntervalMs = 16;

 public static void Initialize(MainWindow mainWindow, EventHandler eventHandler)
 {
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -202,7 +204,16 @@

 UpdateValues(inputs[2..]);

 // UI-Updates ggf. drosseln
 long nowTick = Environment.TickCount64;
 long lastTick = Interlocked.Read(ref _lastEventDispatchTick);
 bool shouldDispatch = (nowTick - lastTick) >= EventDispatchIntervalMs &&
 Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref _lastEventDispatchTick, nowTick, lastTick) == lastTick;

 if (!shouldDispatch)
 {
 return;
 }

 _mainWindow._homeUserControl.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>
 _eventHandler.Update(DataHandler.SliderValues, DataHandler.ButtonValues)
 );
Expand Down

2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion
ControlPad/EventHandler.cs

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
 else if (stream.MicName != null)
 Task.Run(() => AudioController.MuteMic(stream.MicName, false));
 else if (stream.Process == null && stream.MicName == null)
 Task.Run(() => AudioController.MuteSystem(false));
 Task.Run(() => AudioController.MuteSystem(false, stream.DeviceName));
 }

 if (stream.Process != null)
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
 {
 if (IsPressed && !IsPressedOld)
 { 
 AudioController.MuteProcess(buttonAction.ActionProperty, !AudioController.IsProcessMute(buttonAction.ActionProperty));

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on line 104
in ControlPad/EventHandler.cs

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Possible null reference argument for parameter 'processName' in 'void AudioController.MuteProcess(string processName, bool mute)'.

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on line 104
in ControlPad/EventHandler.cs

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Possible null reference argument for parameter 'processName' in 'bool AudioController.IsProcessMute(string processName)'.
 }
 break;
 }
Expand All@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@
 {
 if (IsPressed && !IsPressedOld)
 {
 AudioController.MuteMic(buttonAction.ActionProperty, !AudioController.IsMicMute(buttonAction.ActionProperty));

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Possible null reference argument for parameter 'micName' in 'void AudioController.MuteMic(string micName, bool mute)'.

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in ControlPad/EventHandler.cs

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Possible null reference argument for parameter 'micName' in 'bool AudioController.IsMicMute(string micName)'.
 }
 break;
 }
Expand Down

158 changes: 148 additions & 10 deletions
ControlPad/System/AudioController.cs

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -3,15 +3,24 @@
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Threading;
using System.Windows;
using System.Linq;

namespace ControlPad
{
 public class AudioController
 {
 private MMDeviceEnumerator _enum;
 private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, (long Tick, int[] ProcessIds)> _processIdsCache = new();
 private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, (long Tick, string DeviceId)> _outputDeviceIdCache = new();
 private const int ProcessIdsCacheLifetimeMs = 500;
 private const int ProcessIdsCacheTrimIntervalMs = 5000;
 private const int ProcessIdsCacheMaxEntries = 128;
 private const int OutputDeviceCacheLifetimeMs = 3000;
 private long _lastProcessCacheTrimTick = Environment.TickCount64;

 public AudioController()
 { 
Expand All@@ -24,14 +33,14 @@ public void SetProcessVolume(string processName, float volume)

 volume = Math.Clamp(volume, 0f, 1f);

List<int> processIds = Process.GetProcessesByName(processName).Select(c => c.Id).ToList(); // this might be slow
 int[] processIds = GetProcessIds(processName);


 for (int i = 0; i < sessions?.Count; i++)
 {
 var session = sessions[i];

 if (processIds.Contains((int)session.GetProcessID))
 if (Array.IndexOf(processIds, (int)session.GetProcessID) >= 0)
 {
 session.SimpleAudioVolume.Volume = volume;
 }
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -69,12 +78,12 @@ public void MuteProcess(string processName, bool mute)
 using var device = _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 var sessions = device.AudioSessionManager.Sessions;

List<int> processIds = Process.GetProcessesByName(processName).Select(c => c.Id).ToList(); // this might be slow
 int[] processIds = GetProcessIds(processName);

 for (int i = 0; i < sessions?.Count; i++)
 {
 var session = sessions[i];
 if (processIds.Contains((int)session.GetProcessID))
 if (Array.IndexOf(processIds, (int)session.GetProcessID) >= 0)
 {
 session.SimpleAudioVolume.Mute = mute;
 }
Expand All@@ -83,7 +92,13 @@ public void MuteProcess(string processName, bool mute)

 public void MuteSystem(bool mute)
 {
 using var device = _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 using var device = GetOutputDevice(null);
 if (device != null) device.AudioEndpointVolume.Mute = mute;
 }

 public void MuteSystem(bool mute, string? outputDeviceName)
 {
 using var device = GetOutputDevice(outputDeviceName);
 if (device != null) device.AudioEndpointVolume.Mute = mute;
 }

Expand All@@ -102,12 +117,12 @@ public bool IsProcessMute(string processName)
 using var device = _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 var sessions = device.AudioSessionManager.Sessions;

List<int> processIds = Process.GetProcessesByName(processName).Select(c => c.Id).ToList(); // this might be slow
 int[] processIds = GetProcessIds(processName);

 for (int i = 0; i < sessions?.Count; i++)
 {
 var session = sessions[i];
 if (processIds.Contains((int)session.GetProcessID))
 if (Array.IndexOf(processIds, (int)session.GetProcessID) >= 0)
 {
 return session.SimpleAudioVolume.Mute;
 }
Expand All@@ -117,7 +132,14 @@ public bool IsProcessMute(string processName)

 public bool IsSystemMute()
 {
 using var device = _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 using var device = GetOutputDevice(null);
 if (device != null) return device.AudioEndpointVolume.Mute;
 return false;
 }

 public bool IsSystemMute(string? outputDeviceName)
 {
 using var device = GetOutputDevice(outputDeviceName);
 if (device != null) return device.AudioEndpointVolume.Mute;
 return false;
 }
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -149,25 +171,141 @@ public List<MMDevice> GetMics()
 return mics;
 }

 public List<string> GetMicNames()
 {
 var names = new List<string>();
 using var enumerator = new MMDeviceEnumerator();
 foreach (var device in enumerator.EnumerateAudioEndPoints(DataFlow.Capture, DeviceState.Active))
 {
 names.Add(device.DeviceFriendlyName);
 device.Dispose();
 }
 return names;
 }

 public SessionCollection GetAudioSessions()
 {
 using var device = _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 var sessions = device.AudioSessionManager.Sessions;
 return sessions;
 }

 private int[] GetProcessIds(string processName)
 {
 long nowTick = Environment.TickCount64;
 if (_processIdsCache.TryGetValue(processName, out var cacheEntry))
 {
 if ((nowTick - cacheEntry.Tick) <= ProcessIdsCacheLifetimeMs)
 {
 return cacheEntry.ProcessIds;
 }
 }

 var processes = Process.GetProcessesByName(processName);
 var processIds = new int[processes.Length];
 for (int i = 0; i < processes.Length; i++)
 {
 processIds[i] = processes[i].Id;
 processes[i].Dispose();
 }
 _processIdsCache[processName] = (nowTick, processIds);
 long lastTrimTick = Interlocked.Read(ref _lastProcessCacheTrimTick);
 if (_processIdsCache.Count >= ProcessIdsCacheMaxEntries ||
 (nowTick - lastTrimTick) > ProcessIdsCacheTrimIntervalMs)
 {
 if (Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref _lastProcessCacheTrimTick, nowTick, lastTrimTick) == lastTrimTick)
 {
 TrimProcessCache(nowTick);
 }
 }
 return processIds;
 }

 private void TrimProcessCache(long nowTick)
 {
 var staleEntries = new List<(string Key, long Tick)>();
 foreach (var entry in _processIdsCache)
 {
 if ((nowTick - entry.Value.Tick) > ProcessIdsCacheLifetimeMs)
 staleEntries.Add((entry.Key, entry.Value.Tick));
 }

 foreach (var entry in staleEntries)
 {
 _processIdsCache.TryRemove(entry.Key, out _);
 }

 int overflow = _processIdsCache.Count - ProcessIdsCacheMaxEntries;
 if (overflow <= 0) return;

 var staleKeySet = staleEntries.Count > 0
 ? new HashSet<string>(staleEntries.Select(e => e.Key))
 : null;
 var oldestKeys = _processIdsCache
 .Where(entry => staleKeySet == null || !staleKeySet.Contains(entry.Key))
 .OrderBy(entry => entry.Value.Tick)
 .Take(overflow)
 .Select(entry => entry.Key)
 .ToList();
 foreach (var key in oldestKeys)
 _processIdsCache.TryRemove(key, out _);
 }

 public List<MMDevice> GetOutputDevices()
 {
 return _enum.EnumerateAudioEndPoints(DataFlow.Render, DeviceState.Active).ToList();
 }

 public List<string> GetOutputDeviceNames()
 {
 var names = new List<string>();
 foreach (var device in _enum.EnumerateAudioEndPoints(DataFlow.Render, DeviceState.Active))
 {
 names.Add(device.DeviceFriendlyName);
 device.Dispose();
 }
 return names;
 }

 private MMDevice? GetOutputDevice(string? outputDeviceName)
 {
 if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(outputDeviceName))
 return _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);

 return GetOutputDevices().FirstOrDefault(d => d.DeviceFriendlyName == outputDeviceName)
 ?? _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 long nowTick = Environment.TickCount64;
 if (_outputDeviceIdCache.TryGetValue(outputDeviceName, out var cacheEntry) &&
 (nowTick - cacheEntry.Tick) <= OutputDeviceCacheLifetimeMs)
 {
 try
 {
 return _enum.GetDevice(cacheEntry.DeviceId);
 }
 catch
 {
 _outputDeviceIdCache.TryRemove(outputDeviceName, out _);
 }
 }

 MMDevice? matchedDevice = null;
 foreach (var device in _enum.EnumerateAudioEndPoints(DataFlow.Render, DeviceState.Active))
 {
 if (matchedDevice == null && device.DeviceFriendlyName == outputDeviceName)
 {
 matchedDevice = device;
 }
 else
 {
 device.Dispose();
 }
 }

 if (matchedDevice != null)
 {
 _outputDeviceIdCache[outputDeviceName] = (nowTick, matchedDevice.ID);
 return matchedDevice;
 }

 return _enum.GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(DataFlow.Render, Role.Multimedia);
 }
 }
}

6 changes: 3 additions & 3 deletions
ControlPad/Windows/EditButtonCategoryWindow.xaml.cs

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Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -125,9 +125,9 @@ private void btn_settings_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

 if (micDialog.ShowDialog() == true)
 {
 control.ButtonAction.ActionProperty = micDialog.SelectedMic?.DeviceFriendlyName;
 control.ButtonAction.ActionPropertyDisplay = micDialog.SelectedMic?.DeviceFriendlyName;
 control.TextBlock.Text = $"{control.ButtonAction.ActionType.Description}: {micDialog.SelectedMic?.DeviceFriendlyName}";
 control.ButtonAction.ActionProperty = micDialog.SelectedMicName;
 control.ButtonAction.ActionPropertyDisplay = micDialog.SelectedMicName;
 control.TextBlock.Text = $"{control.ButtonAction.ActionType.Description}: {micDialog.SelectedMicName}";
 }
 break;
 } 
Expand Down

4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions
ControlPad/Windows/EditSliderCategoryWindow.xaml.cs

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ private void btn_AddMic_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)

 if (dialog.ShowDialog() == true)
 {
 DataHandler.SliderCategories[indexOfCategory].AudioStreams.Add(new AudioStream(null, dialog.SelectedMic?.DeviceFriendlyName));
 DataHandler.SliderCategories[indexOfCategory].AudioStreams.Add(new AudioStream(null, dialog.SelectedMicName));
 }
 }

Expand All@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ private void btn_AddMainOutput_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
 if (dialog.ShowDialog() == true)
 {
 DataHandler.SliderCategories[indexOfCategory].AudioStreams.Add(
 new AudioStream(null, null, dialog.SelectedOutputDevice?.DeviceFriendlyName)
 new AudioStream(null, null, dialog.SelectedOutputDeviceName)
 );
 }
 }
Expand Down

25 changes: 5 additions & 20 deletions
ControlPad/Windows/Popups/SelectMicPopup.xaml.cs

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -1,38 +1,23 @@
using NAudio.CoreAudioApi;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
using System.Windows.Shapes;
using System.Windows;
using Wpf.Ui.Controls;

namespace ControlPad
{
 public partial class SelectMicPopup : FluentWindow
 {
 AudioController audioController = new AudioController();
 public MMDevice? SelectedMic { get; set; }
 public string? SelectedMicName { get; set; }
 public SelectMicPopup()
 {
 InitializeComponent();
 cb_Mics.DisplayMemberPath = "DeviceFriendlyName";
 cb_Mics.ItemsSource = audioController.GetMics();
 cb_Mics.ItemsSource = audioController.GetMicNames();
 }

 private void btn_Ok_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
 {
 if (cb_Mics.SelectedItem is not MMDevice device) return;
 if (cb_Mics.SelectedItem is not string micName) return;

SelectedMic = device;
SelectedMicName = micName;
 DialogResult = true;
 }

Expand Down

12 changes: 5 additions & 7 deletions
ControlPad/Windows/Popups/SelectOutputDevicePopup.xaml.cs

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -1,25 +1,23 @@
using NAudio.CoreAudioApi;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows;
using Wpf.Ui.Controls;

namespace ControlPad
{
 public partial class SelectOutputDevicePopup : FluentWindow
 {
 public MMDevice? SelectedOutputDevice { get; set; }
 public string? SelectedOutputDeviceName { get; set; }

 public SelectOutputDevicePopup()
 {
 InitializeComponent();
 cb_OutputDevices.DisplayMemberPath = "DeviceFriendlyName";
 cb_OutputDevices.ItemsSource = new AudioController().GetOutputDevices();
 cb_OutputDevices.ItemsSource = new AudioController().GetOutputDeviceNames();
 }

 private void btn_Ok_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
 {
 if (cb_OutputDevices.SelectedItem is not MMDevice device) return;
 if (cb_OutputDevices.SelectedItem is not string outputName) return;

SelectedOutputDevice = device;
SelectedOutputDeviceName = outputName;
 DialogResult = true;
 }

Expand Down
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