CI: Run dev tests on Scientific Python nightly wheels

[weiji14]

Description of proposed changes

Check that PyGMT will work on future versions of numpy>=2.0.0, pandas>=2.1.0, xarray>=2023.7.1 and so on.

References:

• Pre-built wheels are at https://anaconda.org/scientific-python-nightly-wheels
• SPEC 4 — Using and Creating Nightly Wheels at https://scientific-python.org/specs/spec-0004

Extends #1105 when pip install --pre started being used. The nightly wheels from https://pypi.anaconda.org/scientific-python-nightly-wheels/simple are a lot more up to date than those on the default PyPI index.

Reminders

• Run make format and make check to make sure the code follows the style guide.
• Add tests for new features or tests that would have caught the bug that you're fixing.
• Add new public functions/methods/classes to doc/api/index.rst.
• Write detailed docstrings for all functions/methods.
• If wrapping a new module, open a 'Wrap new GMT module' issue and submit reasonably-sized PRs.
• If adding new functionality, add an example to docstrings or tutorials.
• Use underscores (not hyphens) in names of Python files and directories.

Slash Commands

You can write slash commands (/command) in the first line of a comment to perform
specific operations. Supported slash commands are:

• /format: automatically format and lint the code
• /test-gmt-dev: run full tests on the latest GMT development version

[weiji14]

Nice, no visible deprecation warnings or errors with using the nightly versions of NumPy, Pandas, Xarray, etc 🎉. See https://github.com/GenericMappingTools/pygmt/actions/runs/5594537134/jobs/10229490969?pr=2612#step:16:723

=================================== FAILURES ===================================
__________________ test_earth_relief_03s_default_registration __________________
def test_earth_relief_03s_default_registration():
"""
Test that the grid returned by default for the 3 arc-second resolution has
a "gridline" registration.
"""
data = load_earth_relief(resolution="03s", region=[-10, -9.8, 4.9, 5])
assert data.shape == (121, 241)
assert data.gmt.registration == 0
npt.assert_allclose(data.coords["lat"].data.min(), 4.9)
npt.assert_allclose(data.coords["lat"].data.max(), 5)
npt.assert_allclose(data.coords["lon"].data.min(), -10)
npt.assert_allclose(data.coords["lon"].data.max(), -9.8)
> npt.assert_allclose(data.min(), -2069.996)
../pygmt/tests/test_datasets_earth_relief.py:263: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ args = (<function assert_allclose.<locals>.compare at 0x7f7acb461a80>, array(-2131.9707, dtype=float32), array(-2069.996))
kwds = {'equal_nan': True, 'err_msg': '', 'header': 'Not equal to tolerance rtol=1e-07, atol=0', 'verbose': True}
@wraps(func)
def inner(*args, **kwds):
with self._recreate_cm():
> return func(*args, **kwds)
E AssertionError: E Not equal to tolerance rtol=1e-07, atol=0
E E Mismatched elements: 1 / 1 (100%)
E Max absolute difference: 61.97470312
E Max relative difference: 0.02993953
E x: array(-2131.9707, dtype=float32)
E y: array(-2069.996)
../../../../micromamba/envs/pygmt/lib/python3.11/contextlib.py:81: AssertionError
=============================== warnings summary ===============================
pygmt/helpers/decorators.py::pygmt.helpers.decorators.use_alias
<doctest pygmt.helpers.decorators.use_alias[1]>:1: SyntaxWarning: Short-form parameter (R) is not recommended. Use long-form parameter 'region' instead.
pygmt/helpers/decorators.py::pygmt.helpers.decorators.use_alias
<doctest pygmt.helpers.decorators.use_alias[1]>:1: SyntaxWarning: Short-form parameter (J) is not recommended. Use long-form parameter 'projection' instead.
-- Docs: https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/how-to/capture-warnings.html
==================================== PASSES ====================================
...

Only error is on test_earth_relief_03s_default_registration which is failing on the main branch too and reported at #2511 (comment)