LFPsimpy: A zero-model-modification, MPI-compatible Python package to compute Local Field Potentials of NEURON simulator models
Zero-modification: With LFPsimpy, there is no need to modify or re-write a NEURON model to fit a particular pattern or style. Given an existing NEURON model (HOC/Python/cell/network), just add a few Python lines to specify the location and parameters of the LFP electrode. Then run the simulation and plot or further process the LFP signal.
Python-based: The package is written in pure Python. Download the Python source code and modify or extend it using a familiar language. A small .HOC file allows plotting the LFP signal using native NEURON graphs.
Multiple LFP algorithms:Line, Point, and RC methods of Parasuram et. al. (2016) are implemented. Extend the Python source code to use a custom algorithm.
Unlimited electrodes: Place any number of LFP electrodes in arbitrary 3D locations to simulate multi-electrode arrays.
MPI-compatible: The package works with single- and multi-process simulations. Rank 0 contains the electrode values of the whole model.
LFPsimpy requires a working version of NEURON 7.5+ either installed from a package/installer (easier) or compiled (more challenging). Linux, Mac, and Windows versions are supported.
You must be able to run at least one of these commands in a terminal window without errors:
nrniv -python- Or
python -c 'from neuron import h'
If you cannot run any of these commands, it indicates that there is something amiss with your NEURON installation. Search the error messages on the NEURON forum for help.
Installation depends on how you installed NEURON simulator (installed vs. compiled).
Download and extract this LFPsimpy ZIP file to a known folder. Then note the location of the LFPsimpy sub-folder.
Then append the LFPsimpy parent folder location to your $PYTHONPATH environmental variable. E.g. export PYTHONPATH=$PYTHONPATH:/path/to/LFPsimpy-master/. Place the line in your shell startup file (e.g. ~/.bashrc) to ensure the variable remains set after an OS restart.
To install the library, simply type in pip install lfpsimpy in your terminal.
To use the library, first load your HOC or Python model in NEURON, insert LFP electrode(s), run simulation, and plot/process the electrode signal.
# Load your cell or network model
from neuron import h
run_scripts_build_model_etc()
# Load the LFP library
from LFPsimpy import LfpElectrode
# Place an LFP electrode
# x,y,z in microns
# sampling_period in ms. E.g. 0.1 => 10kHz
# method: either 'Line', 'Point', or 'RC'. See: Parasuram et. al. (2016)
le = LfpElectrode(x=100, y=50, z=0, sampling_period=0.1, method='Line')
# Run the simulation
h.tstop = 100 # <- important!
h.run()
# Plot/process LFP values
le.times # Contains the sampled LFP times
le.values # Contains the corresponding sampled LFP voltage values (nV)
More examples are described in this Jupyter notebook.
When using the NEURON GUI, after the electrode is inserted, you can plot the LFP electrode value with:
Graph > Current Axis > Plot What? > Objects > LfpElectrode[0].value
then
In Tools > RunControl, set Points plotted/ms to 1/sampling_period
Init & Run will show the LFP value of the first inserted electrode
LFPsimpy is a Python re-implementation of LFPsim described in Parasuram et. al. (2016). The original publication estimated LFPs using three different methods and also did not require a NEURON model to be in a specific format. However, the original implementation is in HOC, is not MPI-compatible, and places restrictions on the number of electrodes that can be placed in a simulation.
This library encapsulates the three LFP estimation methods described in the paper and uses the more efficient NEURON's i_membrane_ method. These changes allow arbitrary number of electrodes and allows computing the LFP in MPI-parallelized models.
While NEURON allows running simulations past the tstop value, this library does not support this usage pattern. If h.t exceeds h.tstop a warning is shown and the LFP signal is not computed.
If you encounter an issue, first make sure it's not due to NEURON itself. If it is, please contact the NEURON team. If the issue is with this library, please create an issue on Github.
To contribute, please open an issue first and discuss your plan for contributing. Then fork this repository and commit a pull-request with your changes.
LFPsimpy is a Python re-implementation of LFPsim described in Parasuram et. al. (2016). When using LFPsimpy in research projects, please cite the original publication and this repository, which is maintained by Justas Birgiolas.