feat: Add MiddlewareContext parameter to InternalProvider.handle()

[rekmarks]

Explanation

References

Checklist

• I've updated the test suite for new or updated code as appropriate
• I've updated documentation (JSDoc, Markdown, etc.) for new or updated code as appropriate
• I've communicated my changes to consumers by updating changelogs for packages I've changed, highlighting breaking changes as necessary
• I've prepared draft pull requests for clients and consumer packages to resolve any breaking changes

[rekmarks]

Closing in favor of #7061.