Fix version parsing in cuda_core; Allow new enums to be added to cuda_bindings

[mdboom]

This fixes 2 bugs found when testing cuda_core against the cuda_bindings 13.4.0b1 release.

• The parsing of the cuda_bindings version assumed the version number was full of integers. It is actually full of eels PEP 440-compliant
• The test that ensures that cuda_bindings and cuda_core enums are in sync wasn't forward compatible with the case where cuda_bindings may add more values. This test has been fixed.

[github-actions]

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[Andy-Jost]

Looks good!

For the future:
The duplication of _parse_version_triple is due to an existing import cycle that need not be fixed in this PR.

 version.pyx
→ cuda_utils.pyx
→ driver_cu_result_explanations.py / runtime_cuda_error_explanations.py
→ enum_explanations_helpers.py
→ version.pyx