Parcels v4 paper - #2838

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VeckoTheGecko commented Aug 19, 2026

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@fluidnumericsJoe This is where we're writing the paper for JOSS :) . I've put a first draft together, it would be great to have your review on it. No particular rush - @erikvansebille is on leave until the 31st now - but thought I would give you a heads up. Happy to discuss when we next meet.

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Looking through the section requirements for JOSS, the paper should also have a "State of the field" section. Maybe would be best if you write that @erikvansebille ? Happy to hear your thoughts too @fluidnumericsJoe of course.

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note to self: fset=fset+fset

Comment threaddocs/paper-v4/paper.md

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Some detailed textual suggestions and questions below

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In the spirit of reproducibility, is it an idea to also provide the code that created this figure? So that others can adapt it?

@article{Hoyer2017,
title = "xarray: {N-D} labeled Arrays and Datasets in Python",
author = "Hoyer, Stephan and Hamman, Joe",
abstract = "xarray is an open source project and Python package that

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abstracts are not needed for the references. Remove them to reduce clutter?

index: 1
- name: Fluid Numerics, Hickory, NC, USA
index: 2
date: 17 August 2026

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Don't forget to update this just before submission

# Summary

Parcels [@Lange2017; @Delandmeter2019] is a highly customisable Lagrangian simulation framework.
Version 4 of the software is a major update which overhauls the software internals to natively leverage Xarray [@Delandmeter2019] dataset objects.

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Is @Delandmeter the right reference for Xarray here? Better to cite https://doi.org/10.5334/jors.148?

Parcels [@Lange2017; @Delandmeter2019] is a highly customisable Lagrangian simulation framework.
Version 4 of the software is a major update which overhauls the software internals to natively leverage Xarray [@Delandmeter2019] dataset objects.
This makes Parcels compatable with many new data formats (e.g., Zarr, Icechunk) and execution modes (e.g., streaming data from cloud buckets or other data providers - such as the [Copernicus Marine Data Store](https://marine.copernicus.eu/)).
With this update Parcels also adds several new features, including support for unstructured grid datasets (enabling simulations on (combinations of) different grid geometries), support for custom interpolators (surfacing to scientists even more control over the numerics of their simulation), and trajectory output in Parquet format.

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Suggested change
With this update Parcels also adds several new features, including support for unstructured grid datasets (enabling simulations on (combinations of) different grid geometries), support for custom interpolators (surfacing to scientists even more control over the numerics of their simulation), and trajectory output in Parquet format.
With this update, Parcels also adds several new features including support for unstructured grid datasets (enabling simulations on (combinations of) different grid geometries), support for custom interpolators (surfacing to scientists even more control over the numerics of their simulation), and trajectory output in Parquet format.

A key use-case of the Parcels version 4 is the combining of various model data which not only have different sources, but also very different grid geometries.
In this section we present an example simulation focused on the Dutch coast.

We combine flow data from Deltares’ 3D DCSM-FM model, SWAN Wave model data from Rijkswaterstad, and wind model data from Copernicusmarine.

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We combine flow data from Deltares’ 3D DCSM-FM model, SWAN Wave model data from Rijkswaterstad, and wind model data from Copernicusmarine.
We combine flow data from Deltares’ 3D DCSM-FM model, SWAN Wave model data from KNMI, and wind model data from Copernicusmarine.

In this section we present an example simulation focused on the Dutch coast.

We combine flow data from Deltares’ 3D DCSM-FM model, SWAN Wave model data from Rijkswaterstad, and wind model data from Copernicusmarine.
The 3D DCSM-FM model is an unstructured model, while the other two use structured mesh geometries.

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Suggested change
The 3D DCSM-FM model is an unstructured model, while the other two use structured mesh geometries.
The 3D DCSM-FM model is an unstructured model, SWAN has a structured curvilear grid, and Copernicusmarine provides data on a structured rectilinear grid geometry.

We advect the particles for a total of a month (from 2025-11-01 to 2025-12-01) with a timestep of 10 minutes.
The figure below shows the varied types of data and grid geometries that we combine, along with the resulting particle tracks.

![](./usecase_plot.png)

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If the caption is indeed between brackets, then for example

Suggested change
![](./usecase_plot.png)
![Figure 2: Trajectories of almost 5,000 particles seeded near the port of Rotterdam in The Netherlands. Trajectories are coloured by start date, and final locations of the particles are marked by circles. The mesh of the unstructured flow model (DCSM-FM) is shown in grey, the mesh of the rectilinear Copernicusmarine wind model is shown in red, and the mesh of the curvilinear KNMI wave model is shown in blue.](./usecase_plot.png)

The 3D DCSM-FM model is an unstructured model, while the other two use structured mesh geometries.
We seed particles along the Dutch coast, and within estuaries facing the North Sea.
We advect the particles for a total of a month (from 2025-11-01 to 2025-12-01) with a timestep of 10 minutes.
The figure below shows the varied types of data and grid geometries that we combine, along with the resulting particle tracks.

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Suggested change
The figure below shows the varied types of data and grid geometries that we combine, along with the resulting particle tracks.
Figure 2 shows the varied types of data and grid geometries that we combine, along with the resulting particle tracks.

# Research impact statement

Parcels has been cited in over 330 peer reviewed scientific papers so far mostly within the field of oceanography.
This software update expands the reach of Parcels both to more users within oceanography, and in other domains.

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Perhaps move the sentences above about dropping "ocean" to here?

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Parcels v4 paper - #2838

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Parcels v4 paper#2838
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VeckoTheGecko commented Aug 19, 2026

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@fluidnumericsJoe This is where we're writing the paper for JOSS :) . I've put a first draft together, it would be great to have your review on it. No particular rush - @erikvansebille is on leave until the 31st now - but thought I would give you a heads up. Happy to discuss when we next meet.

@VeckoTheGecko

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Looking through the section requirements for JOSS, the paper should also have a "State of the field" section. Maybe would be best if you write that @erikvansebille ? Happy to hear your thoughts too @fluidnumericsJoe of course.

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note to self: fset=fset+fset

Comment threaddocs/paper-v4/paper.md

@erikvansebilleerikvansebille left a comment

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Some detailed textual suggestions and questions below

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In the spirit of reproducibility, is it an idea to also provide the code that created this figure? So that others can adapt it?

@article{Hoyer2017,
title = "xarray: {N-D} labeled Arrays and Datasets in Python",
author = "Hoyer, Stephan and Hamman, Joe",
abstract = "xarray is an open source project and Python package that

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abstracts are not needed for the references. Remove them to reduce clutter?

index: 1
- name: Fluid Numerics, Hickory, NC, USA
index: 2
date: 17 August 2026

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Don't forget to update this just before submission

# Summary

Parcels [@Lange2017; @Delandmeter2019] is a highly customisable Lagrangian simulation framework.
Version 4 of the software is a major update which overhauls the software internals to natively leverage Xarray [@Delandmeter2019] dataset objects.

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Is @Delandmeter the right reference for Xarray here? Better to cite https://doi.org/10.5334/jors.148?

Parcels [@Lange2017; @Delandmeter2019] is a highly customisable Lagrangian simulation framework.
Version 4 of the software is a major update which overhauls the software internals to natively leverage Xarray [@Delandmeter2019] dataset objects.
This makes Parcels compatable with many new data formats (e.g., Zarr, Icechunk) and execution modes (e.g., streaming data from cloud buckets or other data providers - such as the [Copernicus Marine Data Store](https://marine.copernicus.eu/)).
With this update Parcels also adds several new features, including support for unstructured grid datasets (enabling simulations on (combinations of) different grid geometries), support for custom interpolators (surfacing to scientists even more control over the numerics of their simulation), and trajectory output in Parquet format.

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Suggested change
With this update Parcels also adds several new features, including support for unstructured grid datasets (enabling simulations on (combinations of) different grid geometries), support for custom interpolators (surfacing to scientists even more control over the numerics of their simulation), and trajectory output in Parquet format.
With this update, Parcels also adds several new features including support for unstructured grid datasets (enabling simulations on (combinations of) different grid geometries), support for custom interpolators (surfacing to scientists even more control over the numerics of their simulation), and trajectory output in Parquet format.

A key use-case of the Parcels version 4 is the combining of various model data which not only have different sources, but also very different grid geometries.
In this section we present an example simulation focused on the Dutch coast.

We combine flow data from Deltares’ 3D DCSM-FM model, SWAN Wave model data from Rijkswaterstad, and wind model data from Copernicusmarine.

Copy link
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Member

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Suggested change
We combine flow data from Deltares’ 3D DCSM-FM model, SWAN Wave model data from Rijkswaterstad, and wind model data from Copernicusmarine.
We combine flow data from Deltares’ 3D DCSM-FM model, SWAN Wave model data from KNMI, and wind model data from Copernicusmarine.

In this section we present an example simulation focused on the Dutch coast.

We combine flow data from Deltares’ 3D DCSM-FM model, SWAN Wave model data from Rijkswaterstad, and wind model data from Copernicusmarine.
The 3D DCSM-FM model is an unstructured model, while the other two use structured mesh geometries.

Copy link
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Member

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

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Suggested change
The 3D DCSM-FM model is an unstructured model, while the other two use structured mesh geometries.
The 3D DCSM-FM model is an unstructured model, SWAN has a structured curvilear grid, and Copernicusmarine provides data on a structured rectilinear grid geometry.

We advect the particles for a total of a month (from 2025-11-01 to 2025-12-01) with a timestep of 10 minutes.
The figure below shows the varied types of data and grid geometries that we combine, along with the resulting particle tracks.

![](./usecase_plot.png)

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If the caption is indeed between brackets, then for example

Suggested change
![](./usecase_plot.png)
![Figure 2: Trajectories of almost 5,000 particles seeded near the port of Rotterdam in The Netherlands. Trajectories are coloured by start date, and final locations of the particles are marked by circles. The mesh of the unstructured flow model (DCSM-FM) is shown in grey, the mesh of the rectilinear Copernicusmarine wind model is shown in red, and the mesh of the curvilinear KNMI wave model is shown in blue.](./usecase_plot.png)

The 3D DCSM-FM model is an unstructured model, while the other two use structured mesh geometries.
We seed particles along the Dutch coast, and within estuaries facing the North Sea.
We advect the particles for a total of a month (from 2025-11-01 to 2025-12-01) with a timestep of 10 minutes.
The figure below shows the varied types of data and grid geometries that we combine, along with the resulting particle tracks.

Copy link
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Suggested change
The figure below shows the varied types of data and grid geometries that we combine, along with the resulting particle tracks.
Figure 2 shows the varied types of data and grid geometries that we combine, along with the resulting particle tracks.

# Research impact statement

Parcels has been cited in over 330 peer reviewed scientific papers so far mostly within the field of oceanography.
This software update expands the reach of Parcels both to more users within oceanography, and in other domains.

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Perhaps move the sentences above about dropping "ocean" to here?

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Parcels v4 paper - #2838

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Parcels v4 paper#2838
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VeckoTheGecko commented Aug 19, 2026

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@fluidnumericsJoe This is where we're writing the paper for JOSS :) . I've put a first draft together, it would be great to have your review on it. No particular rush - @erikvansebille is on leave until the 31st now - but thought I would give you a heads up. Happy to discuss when we next meet.

@VeckoTheGecko

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Looking through the section requirements for JOSS, the paper should also have a "State of the field" section. Maybe would be best if you write that @erikvansebille ? Happy to hear your thoughts too @fluidnumericsJoe of course.

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note to self: fset=fset+fset

Comment threaddocs/paper-v4/paper.md

@erikvansebilleerikvansebille left a comment

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Some detailed textual suggestions and questions below

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In the spirit of reproducibility, is it an idea to also provide the code that created this figure? So that others can adapt it?

@article{Hoyer2017,
title = "xarray: {N-D} labeled Arrays and Datasets in Python",
author = "Hoyer, Stephan and Hamman, Joe",
abstract = "xarray is an open source project and Python package that

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abstracts are not needed for the references. Remove them to reduce clutter?

index: 1
- name: Fluid Numerics, Hickory, NC, USA
index: 2
date: 17 August 2026

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Don't forget to update this just before submission

# Summary

Parcels [@Lange2017; @Delandmeter2019] is a highly customisable Lagrangian simulation framework.
Version 4 of the software is a major update which overhauls the software internals to natively leverage Xarray [@Delandmeter2019] dataset objects.

Copy link
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Member

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

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Is @Delandmeter the right reference for Xarray here? Better to cite https://doi.org/10.5334/jors.148?

Parcels [@Lange2017; @Delandmeter2019] is a highly customisable Lagrangian simulation framework.
Version 4 of the software is a major update which overhauls the software internals to natively leverage Xarray [@Delandmeter2019] dataset objects.
This makes Parcels compatable with many new data formats (e.g., Zarr, Icechunk) and execution modes (e.g., streaming data from cloud buckets or other data providers - such as the [Copernicus Marine Data Store](https://marine.copernicus.eu/)).
With this update Parcels also adds several new features, including support for unstructured grid datasets (enabling simulations on (combinations of) different grid geometries), support for custom interpolators (surfacing to scientists even more control over the numerics of their simulation), and trajectory output in Parquet format.

Copy link
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Suggested change
With this update Parcels also adds several new features, including support for unstructured grid datasets (enabling simulations on (combinations of) different grid geometries), support for custom interpolators (surfacing to scientists even more control over the numerics of their simulation), and trajectory output in Parquet format.
With this update, Parcels also adds several new features including support for unstructured grid datasets (enabling simulations on (combinations of) different grid geometries), support for custom interpolators (surfacing to scientists even more control over the numerics of their simulation), and trajectory output in Parquet format.

A key use-case of the Parcels version 4 is the combining of various model data which not only have different sources, but also very different grid geometries.
In this section we present an example simulation focused on the Dutch coast.

We combine flow data from Deltares’ 3D DCSM-FM model, SWAN Wave model data from Rijkswaterstad, and wind model data from Copernicusmarine.

Copy link
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Member

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

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Suggested change
We combine flow data from Deltares’ 3D DCSM-FM model, SWAN Wave model data from Rijkswaterstad, and wind model data from Copernicusmarine.
We combine flow data from Deltares’ 3D DCSM-FM model, SWAN Wave model data from KNMI, and wind model data from Copernicusmarine.

In this section we present an example simulation focused on the Dutch coast.

We combine flow data from Deltares’ 3D DCSM-FM model, SWAN Wave model data from Rijkswaterstad, and wind model data from Copernicusmarine.
The 3D DCSM-FM model is an unstructured model, while the other two use structured mesh geometries.

Copy link
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Member

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

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Suggested change
The 3D DCSM-FM model is an unstructured model, while the other two use structured mesh geometries.
The 3D DCSM-FM model is an unstructured model, SWAN has a structured curvilear grid, and Copernicusmarine provides data on a structured rectilinear grid geometry.

We advect the particles for a total of a month (from 2025-11-01 to 2025-12-01) with a timestep of 10 minutes.
The figure below shows the varied types of data and grid geometries that we combine, along with the resulting particle tracks.

![](./usecase_plot.png)

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If the caption is indeed between brackets, then for example

Suggested change
![](./usecase_plot.png)
![Figure 2: Trajectories of almost 5,000 particles seeded near the port of Rotterdam in The Netherlands. Trajectories are coloured by start date, and final locations of the particles are marked by circles. The mesh of the unstructured flow model (DCSM-FM) is shown in grey, the mesh of the rectilinear Copernicusmarine wind model is shown in red, and the mesh of the curvilinear KNMI wave model is shown in blue.](./usecase_plot.png)

The 3D DCSM-FM model is an unstructured model, while the other two use structured mesh geometries.
We seed particles along the Dutch coast, and within estuaries facing the North Sea.
We advect the particles for a total of a month (from 2025-11-01 to 2025-12-01) with a timestep of 10 minutes.
The figure below shows the varied types of data and grid geometries that we combine, along with the resulting particle tracks.

Copy link
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Choose a reason for hiding this comment

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Suggested change
The figure below shows the varied types of data and grid geometries that we combine, along with the resulting particle tracks.
Figure 2 shows the varied types of data and grid geometries that we combine, along with the resulting particle tracks.

# Research impact statement

Parcels has been cited in over 330 peer reviewed scientific papers so far mostly within the field of oceanography.
This software update expands the reach of Parcels both to more users within oceanography, and in other domains.

Copy link
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Perhaps move the sentences above about dropping "ocean" to here?

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Parcels v4 paper - #2838

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VeckoTheGecko commented Aug 19, 2026

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@fluidnumericsJoe This is where we're writing the paper for JOSS :) . I've put a first draft together, it would be great to have your review on it. No particular rush - @erikvansebille is on leave until the 31st now - but thought I would give you a heads up. Happy to discuss when we next meet.

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Looking through the section requirements for JOSS, the paper should also have a "State of the field" section. Maybe would be best if you write that @erikvansebille ? Happy to hear your thoughts too @fluidnumericsJoe of course.

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note to self: fset=fset+fset

Comment threaddocs/paper-v4/paper.md

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Some detailed textual suggestions and questions below

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In the spirit of reproducibility, is it an idea to also provide the code that created this figure? So that others can adapt it?

@article{Hoyer2017,
title = "xarray: {N-D} labeled Arrays and Datasets in Python",
author = "Hoyer, Stephan and Hamman, Joe",
abstract = "xarray is an open source project and Python package that

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abstracts are not needed for the references. Remove them to reduce clutter?

index: 1
- name: Fluid Numerics, Hickory, NC, USA
index: 2
date: 17 August 2026

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Don't forget to update this just before submission

# Summary

Parcels [@Lange2017; @Delandmeter2019] is a highly customisable Lagrangian simulation framework.
Version 4 of the software is a major update which overhauls the software internals to natively leverage Xarray [@Delandmeter2019] dataset objects.

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Is @Delandmeter the right reference for Xarray here? Better to cite https://doi.org/10.5334/jors.148?

Parcels [@Lange2017; @Delandmeter2019] is a highly customisable Lagrangian simulation framework.
Version 4 of the software is a major update which overhauls the software internals to natively leverage Xarray [@Delandmeter2019] dataset objects.
This makes Parcels compatable with many new data formats (e.g., Zarr, Icechunk) and execution modes (e.g., streaming data from cloud buckets or other data providers - such as the [Copernicus Marine Data Store](https://marine.copernicus.eu/)).
With this update Parcels also adds several new features, including support for unstructured grid datasets (enabling simulations on (combinations of) different grid geometries), support for custom interpolators (surfacing to scientists even more control over the numerics of their simulation), and trajectory output in Parquet format.

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Suggested change
With this update Parcels also adds several new features, including support for unstructured grid datasets (enabling simulations on (combinations of) different grid geometries), support for custom interpolators (surfacing to scientists even more control over the numerics of their simulation), and trajectory output in Parquet format.
With this update, Parcels also adds several new features including support for unstructured grid datasets (enabling simulations on (combinations of) different grid geometries), support for custom interpolators (surfacing to scientists even more control over the numerics of their simulation), and trajectory output in Parquet format.

A key use-case of the Parcels version 4 is the combining of various model data which not only have different sources, but also very different grid geometries.
In this section we present an example simulation focused on the Dutch coast.

We combine flow data from Deltares’ 3D DCSM-FM model, SWAN Wave model data from Rijkswaterstad, and wind model data from Copernicusmarine.

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Suggested change
We combine flow data from Deltares’ 3D DCSM-FM model, SWAN Wave model data from Rijkswaterstad, and wind model data from Copernicusmarine.
We combine flow data from Deltares’ 3D DCSM-FM model, SWAN Wave model data from KNMI, and wind model data from Copernicusmarine.

In this section we present an example simulation focused on the Dutch coast.

We combine flow data from Deltares’ 3D DCSM-FM model, SWAN Wave model data from Rijkswaterstad, and wind model data from Copernicusmarine.
The 3D DCSM-FM model is an unstructured model, while the other two use structured mesh geometries.

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Suggested change
The 3D DCSM-FM model is an unstructured model, while the other two use structured mesh geometries.
The 3D DCSM-FM model is an unstructured model, SWAN has a structured curvilear grid, and Copernicusmarine provides data on a structured rectilinear grid geometry.

We advect the particles for a total of a month (from 2025-11-01 to 2025-12-01) with a timestep of 10 minutes.
The figure below shows the varied types of data and grid geometries that we combine, along with the resulting particle tracks.

![](./usecase_plot.png)

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If the caption is indeed between brackets, then for example

Suggested change
![](./usecase_plot.png)
![Figure 2: Trajectories of almost 5,000 particles seeded near the port of Rotterdam in The Netherlands. Trajectories are coloured by start date, and final locations of the particles are marked by circles. The mesh of the unstructured flow model (DCSM-FM) is shown in grey, the mesh of the rectilinear Copernicusmarine wind model is shown in red, and the mesh of the curvilinear KNMI wave model is shown in blue.](./usecase_plot.png)

The 3D DCSM-FM model is an unstructured model, while the other two use structured mesh geometries.
We seed particles along the Dutch coast, and within estuaries facing the North Sea.
We advect the particles for a total of a month (from 2025-11-01 to 2025-12-01) with a timestep of 10 minutes.
The figure below shows the varied types of data and grid geometries that we combine, along with the resulting particle tracks.

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Suggested change
The figure below shows the varied types of data and grid geometries that we combine, along with the resulting particle tracks.
Figure 2 shows the varied types of data and grid geometries that we combine, along with the resulting particle tracks.

# Research impact statement

Parcels has been cited in over 330 peer reviewed scientific papers so far mostly within the field of oceanography.
This software update expands the reach of Parcels both to more users within oceanography, and in other domains.

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Perhaps move the sentences above about dropping "ocean" to here?

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Parcels v4 paper - #2838

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VeckoTheGecko commented Aug 19, 2026

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@fluidnumericsJoe This is where we're writing the paper for JOSS :) . I've put a first draft together, it would be great to have your review on it. No particular rush - @erikvansebille is on leave until the 31st now - but thought I would give you a heads up. Happy to discuss when we next meet.

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Looking through the section requirements for JOSS, the paper should also have a "State of the field" section. Maybe would be best if you write that @erikvansebille ? Happy to hear your thoughts too @fluidnumericsJoe of course.

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note to self: fset=fset+fset

Comment threaddocs/paper-v4/paper.md

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Some detailed textual suggestions and questions below

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In the spirit of reproducibility, is it an idea to also provide the code that created this figure? So that others can adapt it?

@article{Hoyer2017,
title = "xarray: {N-D} labeled Arrays and Datasets in Python",
author = "Hoyer, Stephan and Hamman, Joe",
abstract = "xarray is an open source project and Python package that

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abstracts are not needed for the references. Remove them to reduce clutter?

index: 1
- name: Fluid Numerics, Hickory, NC, USA
index: 2
date: 17 August 2026

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Don't forget to update this just before submission

# Summary

Parcels [@Lange2017; @Delandmeter2019] is a highly customisable Lagrangian simulation framework.
Version 4 of the software is a major update which overhauls the software internals to natively leverage Xarray [@Delandmeter2019] dataset objects.

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Is @Delandmeter the right reference for Xarray here? Better to cite https://doi.org/10.5334/jors.148?

Parcels [@Lange2017; @Delandmeter2019] is a highly customisable Lagrangian simulation framework.
Version 4 of the software is a major update which overhauls the software internals to natively leverage Xarray [@Delandmeter2019] dataset objects.
This makes Parcels compatable with many new data formats (e.g., Zarr, Icechunk) and execution modes (e.g., streaming data from cloud buckets or other data providers - such as the [Copernicus Marine Data Store](https://marine.copernicus.eu/)).
With this update Parcels also adds several new features, including support for unstructured grid datasets (enabling simulations on (combinations of) different grid geometries), support for custom interpolators (surfacing to scientists even more control over the numerics of their simulation), and trajectory output in Parquet format.

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Suggested change
With this update Parcels also adds several new features, including support for unstructured grid datasets (enabling simulations on (combinations of) different grid geometries), support for custom interpolators (surfacing to scientists even more control over the numerics of their simulation), and trajectory output in Parquet format.
With this update, Parcels also adds several new features including support for unstructured grid datasets (enabling simulations on (combinations of) different grid geometries), support for custom interpolators (surfacing to scientists even more control over the numerics of their simulation), and trajectory output in Parquet format.

A key use-case of the Parcels version 4 is the combining of various model data which not only have different sources, but also very different grid geometries.
In this section we present an example simulation focused on the Dutch coast.

We combine flow data from Deltares’ 3D DCSM-FM model, SWAN Wave model data from Rijkswaterstad, and wind model data from Copernicusmarine.

Copy link
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Member

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Suggested change
We combine flow data from Deltares’ 3D DCSM-FM model, SWAN Wave model data from Rijkswaterstad, and wind model data from Copernicusmarine.
We combine flow data from Deltares’ 3D DCSM-FM model, SWAN Wave model data from KNMI, and wind model data from Copernicusmarine.

In this section we present an example simulation focused on the Dutch coast.

We combine flow data from Deltares’ 3D DCSM-FM model, SWAN Wave model data from Rijkswaterstad, and wind model data from Copernicusmarine.
The 3D DCSM-FM model is an unstructured model, while the other two use structured mesh geometries.

Copy link
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Member

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

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Suggested change
The 3D DCSM-FM model is an unstructured model, while the other two use structured mesh geometries.
The 3D DCSM-FM model is an unstructured model, SWAN has a structured curvilear grid, and Copernicusmarine provides data on a structured rectilinear grid geometry.

We advect the particles for a total of a month (from 2025-11-01 to 2025-12-01) with a timestep of 10 minutes.
The figure below shows the varied types of data and grid geometries that we combine, along with the resulting particle tracks.

![](./usecase_plot.png)

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If the caption is indeed between brackets, then for example

Suggested change
![](./usecase_plot.png)
![Figure 2: Trajectories of almost 5,000 particles seeded near the port of Rotterdam in The Netherlands. Trajectories are coloured by start date, and final locations of the particles are marked by circles. The mesh of the unstructured flow model (DCSM-FM) is shown in grey, the mesh of the rectilinear Copernicusmarine wind model is shown in red, and the mesh of the curvilinear KNMI wave model is shown in blue.](./usecase_plot.png)

The 3D DCSM-FM model is an unstructured model, while the other two use structured mesh geometries.
We seed particles along the Dutch coast, and within estuaries facing the North Sea.
We advect the particles for a total of a month (from 2025-11-01 to 2025-12-01) with a timestep of 10 minutes.
The figure below shows the varied types of data and grid geometries that we combine, along with the resulting particle tracks.

Copy link
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Member

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

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Suggested change
The figure below shows the varied types of data and grid geometries that we combine, along with the resulting particle tracks.
Figure 2 shows the varied types of data and grid geometries that we combine, along with the resulting particle tracks.

# Research impact statement

Parcels has been cited in over 330 peer reviewed scientific papers so far mostly within the field of oceanography.
This software update expands the reach of Parcels both to more users within oceanography, and in other domains.

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Perhaps move the sentences above about dropping "ocean" to here?

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Status: Backlog

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Successfully merging this pull request may close these issues.

2 participants

@VeckoTheGecko@erikvansebille
, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { injectUserscript("// Auto-enable theater mode on YouTube\n(function() {\n function tryTheater() {\n var btn = document.querySelector('button[aria-label=\"Theater mode\"], ytd-player #player button[title=\"Theater mode\"]');\n if (btn && !btn.classList.contains('activated')) {\n btn.click();\n }\n }\n \n // Try immediately\n tryTheater();\n \n // Try after navigation (SPA)\n var lastUrl = location.href;\n setInterval(function() {\n if (location.href !== lastUrl) {\n lastUrl = location.href;\n setTimeout(tryTheater, 500);\n }\n }, 1000);\n \n // Also try on player load\n var observer = new MutationObserver(tryTheater);\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });\n})();", "YouTube Theater Mode Default"); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:YouTube Theater Mode Default]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "*"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '
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Parcels v4 paper - #2838

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VeckoTheGecko commented Aug 19, 2026

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@fluidnumericsJoe This is where we're writing the paper for JOSS :) . I've put a first draft together, it would be great to have your review on it. No particular rush - @erikvansebille is on leave until the 31st now - but thought I would give you a heads up. Happy to discuss when we next meet.

@VeckoTheGecko

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Looking through the section requirements for JOSS, the paper should also have a "State of the field" section. Maybe would be best if you write that @erikvansebille ? Happy to hear your thoughts too @fluidnumericsJoe of course.

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note to self: fset=fset+fset

Comment threaddocs/paper-v4/paper.md

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Some detailed textual suggestions and questions below

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In the spirit of reproducibility, is it an idea to also provide the code that created this figure? So that others can adapt it?

@article{Hoyer2017,
title = "xarray: {N-D} labeled Arrays and Datasets in Python",
author = "Hoyer, Stephan and Hamman, Joe",
abstract = "xarray is an open source project and Python package that

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abstracts are not needed for the references. Remove them to reduce clutter?

index: 1
- name: Fluid Numerics, Hickory, NC, USA
index: 2
date: 17 August 2026

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Don't forget to update this just before submission

# Summary

Parcels [@Lange2017; @Delandmeter2019] is a highly customisable Lagrangian simulation framework.
Version 4 of the software is a major update which overhauls the software internals to natively leverage Xarray [@Delandmeter2019] dataset objects.

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Is @Delandmeter the right reference for Xarray here? Better to cite https://doi.org/10.5334/jors.148?

Parcels [@Lange2017; @Delandmeter2019] is a highly customisable Lagrangian simulation framework.
Version 4 of the software is a major update which overhauls the software internals to natively leverage Xarray [@Delandmeter2019] dataset objects.
This makes Parcels compatable with many new data formats (e.g., Zarr, Icechunk) and execution modes (e.g., streaming data from cloud buckets or other data providers - such as the [Copernicus Marine Data Store](https://marine.copernicus.eu/)).
With this update Parcels also adds several new features, including support for unstructured grid datasets (enabling simulations on (combinations of) different grid geometries), support for custom interpolators (surfacing to scientists even more control over the numerics of their simulation), and trajectory output in Parquet format.

Copy link
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Suggested change
With this update Parcels also adds several new features, including support for unstructured grid datasets (enabling simulations on (combinations of) different grid geometries), support for custom interpolators (surfacing to scientists even more control over the numerics of their simulation), and trajectory output in Parquet format.
With this update, Parcels also adds several new features including support for unstructured grid datasets (enabling simulations on (combinations of) different grid geometries), support for custom interpolators (surfacing to scientists even more control over the numerics of their simulation), and trajectory output in Parquet format.

A key use-case of the Parcels version 4 is the combining of various model data which not only have different sources, but also very different grid geometries.
In this section we present an example simulation focused on the Dutch coast.

We combine flow data from Deltares’ 3D DCSM-FM model, SWAN Wave model data from Rijkswaterstad, and wind model data from Copernicusmarine.

Copy link
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Suggested change
We combine flow data from Deltares’ 3D DCSM-FM model, SWAN Wave model data from Rijkswaterstad, and wind model data from Copernicusmarine.
We combine flow data from Deltares’ 3D DCSM-FM model, SWAN Wave model data from KNMI, and wind model data from Copernicusmarine.

In this section we present an example simulation focused on the Dutch coast.

We combine flow data from Deltares’ 3D DCSM-FM model, SWAN Wave model data from Rijkswaterstad, and wind model data from Copernicusmarine.
The 3D DCSM-FM model is an unstructured model, while the other two use structured mesh geometries.

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Suggested change
The 3D DCSM-FM model is an unstructured model, while the other two use structured mesh geometries.
The 3D DCSM-FM model is an unstructured model, SWAN has a structured curvilear grid, and Copernicusmarine provides data on a structured rectilinear grid geometry.

We advect the particles for a total of a month (from 2025-11-01 to 2025-12-01) with a timestep of 10 minutes.
The figure below shows the varied types of data and grid geometries that we combine, along with the resulting particle tracks.

![](./usecase_plot.png)

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If the caption is indeed between brackets, then for example

Suggested change
![](./usecase_plot.png)
![Figure 2: Trajectories of almost 5,000 particles seeded near the port of Rotterdam in The Netherlands. Trajectories are coloured by start date, and final locations of the particles are marked by circles. The mesh of the unstructured flow model (DCSM-FM) is shown in grey, the mesh of the rectilinear Copernicusmarine wind model is shown in red, and the mesh of the curvilinear KNMI wave model is shown in blue.](./usecase_plot.png)

The 3D DCSM-FM model is an unstructured model, while the other two use structured mesh geometries.
We seed particles along the Dutch coast, and within estuaries facing the North Sea.
We advect the particles for a total of a month (from 2025-11-01 to 2025-12-01) with a timestep of 10 minutes.
The figure below shows the varied types of data and grid geometries that we combine, along with the resulting particle tracks.

Copy link
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Member

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

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Suggested change
The figure below shows the varied types of data and grid geometries that we combine, along with the resulting particle tracks.
Figure 2 shows the varied types of data and grid geometries that we combine, along with the resulting particle tracks.

# Research impact statement

Parcels has been cited in over 330 peer reviewed scientific papers so far mostly within the field of oceanography.
This software update expands the reach of Parcels both to more users within oceanography, and in other domains.

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Perhaps move the sentences above about dropping "ocean" to here?

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Parcels v4 paper - #2838

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VeckoTheGecko commented Aug 19, 2026

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@fluidnumericsJoe This is where we're writing the paper for JOSS :) . I've put a first draft together, it would be great to have your review on it. No particular rush - @erikvansebille is on leave until the 31st now - but thought I would give you a heads up. Happy to discuss when we next meet.

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Looking through the section requirements for JOSS, the paper should also have a "State of the field" section. Maybe would be best if you write that @erikvansebille ? Happy to hear your thoughts too @fluidnumericsJoe of course.

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note to self: fset=fset+fset

Comment threaddocs/paper-v4/paper.md

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Some detailed textual suggestions and questions below

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In the spirit of reproducibility, is it an idea to also provide the code that created this figure? So that others can adapt it?

@article{Hoyer2017,
title = "xarray: {N-D} labeled Arrays and Datasets in Python",
author = "Hoyer, Stephan and Hamman, Joe",
abstract = "xarray is an open source project and Python package that

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abstracts are not needed for the references. Remove them to reduce clutter?

index: 1
- name: Fluid Numerics, Hickory, NC, USA
index: 2
date: 17 August 2026

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Don't forget to update this just before submission

# Summary

Parcels [@Lange2017; @Delandmeter2019] is a highly customisable Lagrangian simulation framework.
Version 4 of the software is a major update which overhauls the software internals to natively leverage Xarray [@Delandmeter2019] dataset objects.

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Is @Delandmeter the right reference for Xarray here? Better to cite https://doi.org/10.5334/jors.148?

Parcels [@Lange2017; @Delandmeter2019] is a highly customisable Lagrangian simulation framework.
Version 4 of the software is a major update which overhauls the software internals to natively leverage Xarray [@Delandmeter2019] dataset objects.
This makes Parcels compatable with many new data formats (e.g., Zarr, Icechunk) and execution modes (e.g., streaming data from cloud buckets or other data providers - such as the [Copernicus Marine Data Store](https://marine.copernicus.eu/)).
With this update Parcels also adds several new features, including support for unstructured grid datasets (enabling simulations on (combinations of) different grid geometries), support for custom interpolators (surfacing to scientists even more control over the numerics of their simulation), and trajectory output in Parquet format.

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Suggested change
With this update Parcels also adds several new features, including support for unstructured grid datasets (enabling simulations on (combinations of) different grid geometries), support for custom interpolators (surfacing to scientists even more control over the numerics of their simulation), and trajectory output in Parquet format.
With this update, Parcels also adds several new features including support for unstructured grid datasets (enabling simulations on (combinations of) different grid geometries), support for custom interpolators (surfacing to scientists even more control over the numerics of their simulation), and trajectory output in Parquet format.

A key use-case of the Parcels version 4 is the combining of various model data which not only have different sources, but also very different grid geometries.
In this section we present an example simulation focused on the Dutch coast.

We combine flow data from Deltares’ 3D DCSM-FM model, SWAN Wave model data from Rijkswaterstad, and wind model data from Copernicusmarine.

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Suggested change
We combine flow data from Deltares’ 3D DCSM-FM model, SWAN Wave model data from Rijkswaterstad, and wind model data from Copernicusmarine.
We combine flow data from Deltares’ 3D DCSM-FM model, SWAN Wave model data from KNMI, and wind model data from Copernicusmarine.

In this section we present an example simulation focused on the Dutch coast.

We combine flow data from Deltares’ 3D DCSM-FM model, SWAN Wave model data from Rijkswaterstad, and wind model data from Copernicusmarine.
The 3D DCSM-FM model is an unstructured model, while the other two use structured mesh geometries.

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Suggested change
The 3D DCSM-FM model is an unstructured model, while the other two use structured mesh geometries.
The 3D DCSM-FM model is an unstructured model, SWAN has a structured curvilear grid, and Copernicusmarine provides data on a structured rectilinear grid geometry.

We advect the particles for a total of a month (from 2025-11-01 to 2025-12-01) with a timestep of 10 minutes.
The figure below shows the varied types of data and grid geometries that we combine, along with the resulting particle tracks.

![](./usecase_plot.png)

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If the caption is indeed between brackets, then for example

Suggested change
![](./usecase_plot.png)
![Figure 2: Trajectories of almost 5,000 particles seeded near the port of Rotterdam in The Netherlands. Trajectories are coloured by start date, and final locations of the particles are marked by circles. The mesh of the unstructured flow model (DCSM-FM) is shown in grey, the mesh of the rectilinear Copernicusmarine wind model is shown in red, and the mesh of the curvilinear KNMI wave model is shown in blue.](./usecase_plot.png)

The 3D DCSM-FM model is an unstructured model, while the other two use structured mesh geometries.
We seed particles along the Dutch coast, and within estuaries facing the North Sea.
We advect the particles for a total of a month (from 2025-11-01 to 2025-12-01) with a timestep of 10 minutes.
The figure below shows the varied types of data and grid geometries that we combine, along with the resulting particle tracks.

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Suggested change
The figure below shows the varied types of data and grid geometries that we combine, along with the resulting particle tracks.
Figure 2 shows the varied types of data and grid geometries that we combine, along with the resulting particle tracks.

# Research impact statement

Parcels has been cited in over 330 peer reviewed scientific papers so far mostly within the field of oceanography.
This software update expands the reach of Parcels both to more users within oceanography, and in other domains.

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Perhaps move the sentences above about dropping "ocean" to here?

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2 participants

@VeckoTheGecko@erikvansebille
, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { injectUserscript("// Universal Dark Mode - works on any site\n(function() {\n var enabled = true;\n \n function applyDarkMode() {\n if (!enabled) return;\n \n // Create style element if it doesn't exist\n var style = document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style');\n if (!style) {\n style = document.createElement('style');\n style.id = 'universal-dark-mode-style';\n document.head.appendChild(style);\n }\n \n // Dark mode CSS - inverts colors but preserves images/video\n style.textContent = '\n /* Invert everything except media */\n html {\n filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important;\n background: #1a1a2e !important;\n }\n \n /* Restore images, videos, iframes, canvas */\n img, video, iframe, canvas, svg, picture, [style*=\"background-image\"] {\n filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important;\n }\n \n /* Preserve specific elements that should not be inverted */\n .no-dark-mode, .no-dark-mode *,\n [data-theme=\"light\"], [data-theme=\"light\"],\n .ace_editor, .ace_editor *,\n .CodeMirror, .CodeMirror *,\n .monaco-editor, .monaco-editor *,\n .markdown-body pre, .markdown-body pre *,\n .highlight, .highlight *,\n pre code, pre code * {\n filter: none !important;\n }\n \n /* Fix common UI elements */\n .modal, .popup, .dropdown-menu, .tooltip, .popover {\n filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important;\n background: #2d2d44 !important;\n border-color: #444 !important;\n }\n \n /* Scrollbars */\n ::-webkit-scrollbar { background: #1a1a2e !important; }\n ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background: #444 !important; }\n ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover { background: #555 !important; }\n \n /* Selection */\n ::selection { background: #4ecdc4 !important; color: #1a1a2e !important; }\n ::-moz-selection { background: #4ecdc4 !important; color: #1a1a2e !important; }\n ';\n }\n \n function removeDarkMode() {\n var style = document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style');\n if (style) style.remove();\n }\n \n // Toggle with Alt+Shift+D\n document.addEventListener('keydown', function(e) {\n if (e.altKey && e.shiftKey && e.key === 'D') {\n e.preventDefault();\n enabled = !enabled;\n if (enabled) {\n applyDarkMode();\n console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Enabled');\n } else {\n removeDarkMode();\n console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Disabled');\n }\n }\n });\n \n // Apply on load\n applyDarkMode();\n \n // Re-apply on dynamic content\n var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {\n if (enabled && !document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style')) {\n applyDarkMode();\n }\n });\n observer.observe(document.head, { childList: true });\n \n console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Loaded - Press Alt+Shift+D to toggle');\n})();", "Universal Dark Mode"); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Universal Dark Mode]', __e); } })(); })();
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Parcels v4 paper - #2838

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VeckoTheGecko wants to merge 12 commits into
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Parcels v4 paper#2838
VeckoTheGecko wants to merge 12 commits into
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@VeckoTheGecko

VeckoTheGecko commented Aug 19, 2026

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@fluidnumericsJoe This is where we're writing the paper for JOSS :) . I've put a first draft together, it would be great to have your review on it. No particular rush - @erikvansebille is on leave until the 31st now - but thought I would give you a heads up. Happy to discuss when we next meet.

@VeckoTheGecko

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Looking through the section requirements for JOSS, the paper should also have a "State of the field" section. Maybe would be best if you write that @erikvansebille ? Happy to hear your thoughts too @fluidnumericsJoe of course.

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note to self: fset=fset+fset

Comment threaddocs/paper-v4/paper.md

@erikvansebilleerikvansebille left a comment

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Some detailed textual suggestions and questions below

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In the spirit of reproducibility, is it an idea to also provide the code that created this figure? So that others can adapt it?

@article{Hoyer2017,
title = "xarray: {N-D} labeled Arrays and Datasets in Python",
author = "Hoyer, Stephan and Hamman, Joe",
abstract = "xarray is an open source project and Python package that

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abstracts are not needed for the references. Remove them to reduce clutter?

index: 1
- name: Fluid Numerics, Hickory, NC, USA
index: 2
date: 17 August 2026

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Don't forget to update this just before submission

# Summary

Parcels [@Lange2017; @Delandmeter2019] is a highly customisable Lagrangian simulation framework.
Version 4 of the software is a major update which overhauls the software internals to natively leverage Xarray [@Delandmeter2019] dataset objects.

Copy link
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Member

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

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Is @Delandmeter the right reference for Xarray here? Better to cite https://doi.org/10.5334/jors.148?

Parcels [@Lange2017; @Delandmeter2019] is a highly customisable Lagrangian simulation framework.
Version 4 of the software is a major update which overhauls the software internals to natively leverage Xarray [@Delandmeter2019] dataset objects.
This makes Parcels compatable with many new data formats (e.g., Zarr, Icechunk) and execution modes (e.g., streaming data from cloud buckets or other data providers - such as the [Copernicus Marine Data Store](https://marine.copernicus.eu/)).
With this update Parcels also adds several new features, including support for unstructured grid datasets (enabling simulations on (combinations of) different grid geometries), support for custom interpolators (surfacing to scientists even more control over the numerics of their simulation), and trajectory output in Parquet format.

Copy link
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Member

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Suggested change
With this update Parcels also adds several new features, including support for unstructured grid datasets (enabling simulations on (combinations of) different grid geometries), support for custom interpolators (surfacing to scientists even more control over the numerics of their simulation), and trajectory output in Parquet format.
With this update, Parcels also adds several new features including support for unstructured grid datasets (enabling simulations on (combinations of) different grid geometries), support for custom interpolators (surfacing to scientists even more control over the numerics of their simulation), and trajectory output in Parquet format.

A key use-case of the Parcels version 4 is the combining of various model data which not only have different sources, but also very different grid geometries.
In this section we present an example simulation focused on the Dutch coast.

We combine flow data from Deltares’ 3D DCSM-FM model, SWAN Wave model data from Rijkswaterstad, and wind model data from Copernicusmarine.

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Member

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

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Suggested change
We combine flow data from Deltares’ 3D DCSM-FM model, SWAN Wave model data from Rijkswaterstad, and wind model data from Copernicusmarine.
We combine flow data from Deltares’ 3D DCSM-FM model, SWAN Wave model data from KNMI, and wind model data from Copernicusmarine.

In this section we present an example simulation focused on the Dutch coast.

We combine flow data from Deltares’ 3D DCSM-FM model, SWAN Wave model data from Rijkswaterstad, and wind model data from Copernicusmarine.
The 3D DCSM-FM model is an unstructured model, while the other two use structured mesh geometries.

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Member

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Suggested change
The 3D DCSM-FM model is an unstructured model, while the other two use structured mesh geometries.
The 3D DCSM-FM model is an unstructured model, SWAN has a structured curvilear grid, and Copernicusmarine provides data on a structured rectilinear grid geometry.

We advect the particles for a total of a month (from 2025-11-01 to 2025-12-01) with a timestep of 10 minutes.
The figure below shows the varied types of data and grid geometries that we combine, along with the resulting particle tracks.

![](./usecase_plot.png)

Copy link
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Member

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If the caption is indeed between brackets, then for example

Suggested change
![](./usecase_plot.png)
![Figure 2: Trajectories of almost 5,000 particles seeded near the port of Rotterdam in The Netherlands. Trajectories are coloured by start date, and final locations of the particles are marked by circles. The mesh of the unstructured flow model (DCSM-FM) is shown in grey, the mesh of the rectilinear Copernicusmarine wind model is shown in red, and the mesh of the curvilinear KNMI wave model is shown in blue.](./usecase_plot.png)

The 3D DCSM-FM model is an unstructured model, while the other two use structured mesh geometries.
We seed particles along the Dutch coast, and within estuaries facing the North Sea.
We advect the particles for a total of a month (from 2025-11-01 to 2025-12-01) with a timestep of 10 minutes.
The figure below shows the varied types of data and grid geometries that we combine, along with the resulting particle tracks.

Copy link
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Member

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

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Suggested change
The figure below shows the varied types of data and grid geometries that we combine, along with the resulting particle tracks.
Figure 2 shows the varied types of data and grid geometries that we combine, along with the resulting particle tracks.

# Research impact statement

Parcels has been cited in over 330 peer reviewed scientific papers so far mostly within the field of oceanography.
This software update expands the reach of Parcels both to more users within oceanography, and in other domains.

Copy link
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Perhaps move the sentences above about dropping "ocean" to here?

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