Adding Clinker Process Emissions

[toniseibold]

Changes proposed in this Pull Request

During clinker production, the calcination process leads to unavoidable process emissions independent of what's used to supply the heat.
For endogenous heat modelling and cement modelling it is helpful to have this emissions factor in technology data.

The data is from the IPCC Database EF ID 213926 and shows a value of 0.52 tonne CO2/tonne clinker produced
Compared to e.g. POSTED it is slightly higher:
total emissions - coal demand x coal emissivity
0.6361765 − 0.6634401×0.3361 = 0.413194282 tCO2/tclinker

Happy to hear thoughts on that

Checklist

• Code changes are sufficiently documented; i.e. new functions contain docstrings and further explanations may be given in doc.
• Data source for new technologies is clearly stated.
• Newly introduced dependencies are added to environment.yaml (if applicable). not applicable
• A note for the release notes doc/release_notes.rst of the upcoming release is included.
• I consent to the release of this PR's code under the GPLv3 license.

[bobbyxng]

do you mean "Original values 0.5089 [Mt] per Mt clinker"? or is Mt a typo?

[bobbyxng]

LGTM, only a minor comment question on the original values' unit.

[toniseibold]

@fneum Following problem:
If I compare the statistical data from JRC IDEES with the new calculated data I am way off (assuming that "process emissions" are solely coming from the clinker production). That would result in a gap of 16.25 Mt for the PyPSA-DE model scope alone.
To hit the values from JRC IDEES I would have to adjust the factor to 0.711.