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Awesome Test-Time Adaptation Awesome

The world keeps changing, so should the model.

Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) lets a trained model adapt to that shift at inference, learning on the fly from the unlabeled test data alone.

PapersLast Update

A curated, task-organized reading list of 465 Test-Time Adaptation (Training) papers. Each entry is filed under one Task (the ML problem) and tagged with its Domain and Setting. An interactive, filterable version of this list is available on the project website.

Maintained by Zhi Zhou. Contributions are welcome; see Contributing.

Taxonomy

  • Task is the fundamental ML problem: Benchmark / Survey, Theory, Classification, Segmentation, Detection, Regression, Restoration, Retrieval & Ranking, Sequence & Language, Decision-Making.

Contents

Benchmark / Survey

NamePaperVenueLinks
OTTA SurveyIn Search of Lost Online Test-time Adaptation: A SurveyIJCV 2025PDF · Code
System-1/2 SurveyTest-time Computing: from System-1 Thinking to System-2 ThinkingarXiv 2025PDF · Code
TTA Data PoisoningOn the Adversarial Risk of Test Time Adaptation: An Investigation into Realistic Test-Time Data PoisoningICLR 2025PDF
TTA-VLM BenchThe Illusion of Progress? A Critical Look at Test-Time Adaptation for Vision-Language ModelsNeurIPS 2025PDF · Code
AETTAAETTA: Label-Free Accuracy Estimation for Test-Time AdaptationCVPR 2024PDF · Code
Beyond-TTA SurveyBeyond Model Adaptation at Test Time: A SurveyarXiv 2024PDF
Lost Opportunity (VLM-TTA)A Comparative Study of Online Test-Time Adaptation for Vision-Language ModelsECCV 2024 WorkshopsPDF · Code
TTA SurveyA Comprehensive Survey on Test-Time Adaptation under Distribution ShiftsIJCV 2024PDF · Code
TTA-AGLTest-Time Adaptation Induces Stronger Accuracy and Agreement-on-the-LineNeurIPS 2024PDF · Code
UniTTAUniTTA: Unified Benchmark and Versatile Framework Towards Realistic Test-Time AdaptationarXiv 2024PDF · Code
Benchmark-TTABenchmarking Test-Time Adaptation against Distribution Shifts in Image ClassificationarXiv 2023PDF · Code
RDumbRDumb: A Simple Approach that Questions Our Progress in Continual Test-Time AdaptationNeurIPS 2023PDF · Code
TTABOn Pitfalls of Test-Time AdaptationICML 2023PDF · Code

Theory

NamePaperVenueLinks
On the Learnability of Test-Time Adaptation: A Recovery Complexity PerspectiveICML 2026PDF
Specialization after Generalization: Towards Understanding Test-Time Training in Foundation ModelsICLR 2026 (Oral)PDF
Higher-Order Asymptotics of Test-Time Adaptation for Batch Normalization StatisticsarXiv 2025PDF
Test Time Training Enhances In-Context Learning of Nonlinear FunctionsarXiv 2025PDF
TTT-ICLTest-Time Training Provably Improves Transformers as In-context LearnersICML 2025PDF
POEMProtected Test-Time Adaptation via Online Entropy Matching: A Betting ApproachNeurIPS 2024PDF · Code
Towards Understanding GD with Hard and Conjugate Pseudo-labels for Test-Time AdaptationICLR 2023PDF

Classification

NamePaperVenueLinks
ADTEAdaptive Debiasing Tsallis Entropy for Test-Time AdaptationICLR 2026PDF
BETAAdapting in the Dark: Efficient and Stable Test-Time Adaptation for Black-Box ModelsarXiv 2026PDF
CANDICANDI: Curated Test-Time Adaptation for Multivariate Time-Series Anomaly Detection Under Distribution ShiftAAAI 2026PDF
COA-HARCOA-HAR: Exploring contrastive online test-time adaptation for wearable sensor-based human activity recognition using sensor data augmentationESWA 2026
Diffusion-calibrated Continual Test-time AdaptationAAAI 2026
EMO-TTAEMO-TTA: Improving Test-Time Adaptation of Audio-Language Models for Speech Emotion RecognitionICASSP 2026PDF
FGAFlatness Guided Test-Time Adaptation for Vision-Language ModelsICLR 2026PDF
GOLDThe Golden Subspace: Where Efficiency Meets Generalization in Continual Test-Time AdaptationCVPR 2026PDF · Code
Highlight-TTATest-Time Adaptation for Video Highlight Detection Using Meta-Auxiliary Learning and Cross-Modality HallucinationsWACV 2026PDF
LN-TTARevisiting Layer Normalization for Point Cloud Test Time AdaptationWACV 2026
Logit-Adjusted Test-Time Adaptation under Partial Class ImbalanceWACV 2026PDF
NeuroAdapt-BenchTest-Time Adaptation for EEG Foundation Models: A Systematic Study under Real-World Distribution ShiftsarXiv 2026PDF
OATTAOrder-Aware Test-Time Adaptation: Leveraging Temporal Dynamics for Robust Streaming InferencearXiv 2026PDF
PFT3APrior-free Tabular Test-time AdaptationICLR 2026PDF · Code
ProtoTTAProtoTTA: Prototype-Guided Test-Time AdaptationarXiv 2026PDF
PTAPrototype-Based Test-Time Adaptation of Vision-Language ModelsarXiv 2026PDF
sEEG-MDM-TENTA Robust Multi-Scale Framework with Test-Time Adaptation for sEEG-Based Speech DecodingICASSP 2026PDF · Code
SemFD-TTATest-Time Adaptation through Semantically-guided Feature Decomposition for Few-shot Chest X-ray DiagnosisWACV 2026PDF
STADTemporal Test-Time Adaptation with State-Space ModelsICLR 2026
TaTaTraining-Free Test-Time Adaptation with Brownian Distance Covariance in Vision-Language ModelsICASSP 2026PDF
Test-Time Adaptation for Tactile-Vision-Language ModelsarXiv 2026PDF
TSAStructural Alignment Improves Graph Test-Time AdaptationAISTATS 2026PDF · Code
TUNECorrecting False Alarms from Unseen: Adapting Graph Anomaly Detectors at Test TimeAAAI 2026PDF
Uni-AdapterAdapt-As-You-Walk Through the Clouds: Training-Free Online Test-Time Adaptation of 3D Vision-Language Foundation ModelsAAAI 2026PDF · Code
3DD-TTATest-Time Adaptation of 3D Point Clouds via Denoising Diffusion ModelsWACV 2025PDF · Code
ACCUPAugmented Contrastive Clustering with Uncertainty-Aware Prototyping for Time Series Test Time AdaptationKDD 2025PDF
AdaKWSAdaKWS: Towards Robust Keyword Spotting with Test-Time AdaptationINTERSPEECH 2025PDF
AdaNDNoisy Test-Time Adaptation in Vision-Language ModelsICLR 2025PDF
ADAPTBackpropagation-Free Test-Time Adaptation via Probabilistic Gaussian AlignmentNeurIPS 2025PDF
AdaSEATest-time Adaptation on Graphs via Adaptive Subgraph-based Selection and Regularized PrototypesICML 2025PDF
AEAAdaptive Energy Alignment for Accelerating Test-Time AdaptationICLR 2025PDF
AEOTowards Robust Multimodal Open-set Test-time Adaptation via Adaptive Entropy-aware OptimizationICLR 2025PDF
Analytic CTTAAnalytic Continual Test-Time Adaptation for Multi-Modality CorruptionACM MM 2025PDF · Code
ARCAdaptive Retention & Correction: Test-Time Training for Continual LearningICLR 2025PDF
Audio-BN TTAAn Investigation of Test-time Adaptation for Audio Classification under Background NoisearXiv 2025PDF
Audio-Cue Video TTAExploring Audio Cues for Enhanced Test-Time Video Model AdaptationIEEE TCSVT 2025
BATCLIPBATCLIP: Bimodal Online Test-Time Adaptation for CLIPICCV 2025PDF · Code
BCABayesian Test-Time Adaptation for Vision-Language ModelsCVPR 2025PDF
BESSABayesian Weight Enhancement with Steady-State Adaptation for Test-time Adaptation in Dynamic EnvironmentsICML 2025PDF
Binary-Feedback TTATest-Time Adaptation with Binary FeedbackICML 2025PDF
BufferTTABuffer layers for Test-Time AdaptationNeurIPS 2025PDF
CAT-TPTCAT-TPT: Class-Agnostic Text-based Test-time Prompt Tuning for Vision-Language ModelsIJCV 2025
CLIPArTTCLIPArTT: Adaptation of CLIP to New Domains at Test TimeWACV 2025PDF · Code
CLIPTTACLIPTTA: Robust Contrastive Vision-Language Test-Time AdaptationNeurIPS 2025PDF
COMECOME: Test-time Adaption by Conservatively Minimizing EntropyICLR 2025PDF · Code
COSMICCOSMIC: Clique-Oriented Semantic Multi-space Integration for Robust CLIP Test-Time AdaptationCVPR 2025PDF · Code
D2GOTest-time Graph OOD Detection via Dynamic Dictionary Expansion and OOD Score CalibrationACM MM 2025
DETTADiffusion-Enhanced Test-Time Adaptation with Text and Image AugmentationIJCV 2025
DOTADOTA: Distributional Test-time Adaptation of Vision-Language ModelsNeurIPS 2025PDF
DPCoreDPCore: Dynamic Prompt Coreset for Continual Test-Time AdaptationICML 2025PDF · Code
DPLDecoupled Prototype Learning for Reliable Test-Time AdaptationIEEE TMM 2025PDF
DynaPromptDynaPrompt: Dynamic Test-Time Prompt TuningICLR 2025PDF
EATA-CUncertainty-Calibrated Test-Time Model Adaptation without ForgettingIEEE TPAMI 2025PDF
EATTAEffortless Active Labeling for Long-Term Test-Time AdaptationCVPR 2025PDF
EBaREBaR: Efficient Buffer and Resetting for Single-Sample Continual Test-Time AdaptationACM MM 2025
ETTAETTA: Efficient Test-Time Adaptation for Vision-Language Models through Dynamic Embedding UpdatesBMVC 2025PDF · Code
FATAFeature Augmentation Based Test-Time AdaptationWACV 2025PDF
FedCTTAFedCTTA: A Collaborative Approach to Continual Test-Time Adaptation in Federated LearningIJCNN 2025PDF
FreeTTAFree on the Fly: Enhancing Flexibility in Test-Time Adaptation with Online EMCVPR 2025PDF
FRETFRET: Feature Redundancy Elimination for Test Time AdaptationICCV 2025
FTATFully Test-time Adaptation for Tabular DataAAAI 2025PDF · Code
FTTA-FDFully Test-Time Adaptation for Feature Decrement in Tabular DataIJCAI 2025PDF
GAD-T3Cross-Domain Graph Anomaly Detection via Test-Time Training with Homophily-Guided Self-SupervisionTMLR 2025PDF
GeneralizeFormerGeneralizeFormer: Layer-Adaptive Model Generation Across Test-Time Distribution ShiftsWACV 2025PDF
GGTTALearning to Generate Gradients for Test-Time Adaptation via Test-Time Training LayersAAAI 2025PDF
GRAILFrom Noisy to Native: LLM-driven Graph Restoration for Test-Time Graph Domain AdaptationarXiv 2025PDF
GS-BiasGS-Bias: Global-Spatial Bias Learner for Single-Image Test-Time Adaptation of Vision-Language ModelsICML 2025PDF
GSDTTA3D Test-time Adaptation via Graph Spectral Driven Point ShiftICCV 2025PDF
HKPTHierarchical Knowledge Prompt Tuning for Multi-task Test-Time AdaptationCVPR 2025PDF
HVTPGHierarchical Variational Test-Time Prompt Generation for Zero-Shot GeneralizationICCV 2025PDF
HyperTTAHyperTTA: Test-Time Adaptation for Hyperspectral Image Classification under Distribution ShiftsarXiv 2025PDF
IT3IT3: Idempotent Test-Time TrainingICML 2025PDF
JTTAJoint Test-time Adaptation with Refined Pseudo-labels and Latent Score MatchingACM MM 2025
LCoTTALifelong Test-Time Adaptation via Online Learning in Tracked Low-Dimensional SubspaceNeurIPS 2025PDF
Local-Train TabularTest-time local training of neural network for tabular dataSci. Rep. 2025
LSCD-TTALow Saturation Confidence Distribution-based Test-Time Adaptation for Cross-Domain Remote Sensing Image ClassificationJAG 2025PDF
MatchaMatcha: Mitigating Graph Structure Shifts with Test-Time AdaptationICLR 2025PDF · Code
MCPMulti-Cache Enhanced Prototype Learning for Test-Time Generalization of Vision-Language ModelsICCV 2025PDF
MiDlTest-Time Adaptation for Combating Missing Modalities in Egocentric VideosICLR 2025PDF
MintMint: A Simple Test-Time Adaptation of Vision-Language Models against Common CorruptionsNeurIPS 2025PDF
ML-TTAMulti-Label Test-Time Adaptation with Bound Entropy MinimizationICLR 2025PDF · Code
MoME-TTATest-Time Adaptation of Medical Vision-Language Models with Mixture of Modality ExpertsACM MM 2025
NeuroTTTNeuroTTT: Bridging Pretraining-Downstream Task Misalignment in EEG Foundation Models via Test-Time TrainingarXiv 2025PDF · Code
O-TPTO-TPT: Orthogonality Constraints for Calibrating Test-time Prompt Tuning in Vision-Language ModelsCVPR 2025PDF · Code
OODDOODD: Test-time Out-of-Distribution Detection with Dynamic DictionaryCVPR 2025PDF
Open-IRTOOD-Barrier: Build a Middle-Barrier for Open-Set Single-Image Test Time Adaptation via Vision Language ModelsNeurIPS 2025PDF
OSLS-TTOpen Set Label Shift with Test Time Out-of-Distribution ReferenceCVPR 2025PDF
OT-VPOT-VP: Optimal Transport-Guided Visual Prompting for Test-Time AdaptationWACV 2025PDF
PAFPAF: Prototype Adaptive Fusion for Test-Time Adaptation of Vision-Language ModelsACM MM 2025
PAF-OSTTAStabilizing Open-Set Test-Time Adaptation via Primary-Auxiliary Filtering and Knowledge-Integrated PredictionBMVC 2025PDF
PatAugPatAug: Augmentation of Augmentation for Test-Time AdaptationACM MM 2025
PGNDSTest-Time Graph Neural Dataset Search With Generative ProjectionICML 2025PDF
Point-CachePoint-Cache: Test-time Dynamic and Hierarchical Cache for Robust and Generalizable Point Cloud AnalysisCVPR 2025PDF
PointMACPointMAC: Meta-Learned Adaptation for Robust Test-Time Point Cloud CompletionNeurIPS 2025PDF · Code
ProtoMMDynamic Multimodal Prototype Learning in Vision-Language ModelsICCV 2025PDF
PTTAPTTA: Purifying Malicious Samples for Test-Time Model AdaptationICML 2025PDF · Code
Purge-GatePurge-Gate: Backpropagation-Free Test-Time Adaptation for Point Clouds Classification via Token PurgingICCV 2025PDF
R-TPTR-TPT: Improving Adversarial Robustness of Vision-Language Models through Test-Time Prompt TuningCVPR 2025PDF · Code
RA-TTARA-TTA: Retrieval-Augmented Test-Time Adaptation for Vision-Language ModelsICLR 2025PDF
ReC-TTTReC-TTT: Contrastive Feature Reconstruction for Test-Time TrainingWACV 2025PDF · Code
ReCAPBeyond Entropy: Region Confidence Proxy for Wild Test-Time AdaptationICML 2025PDF
REMRanked Entropy Minimization for Continual Test-Time AdaptationICML 2025PDF
REMRevisiting Entropy Minimization for Long-Sequence Continual Test-Time AdaptationBMVC 2025PDF
ReservoirTTAReservoirTTA: Prolonged Test-time Adaptation for Evolving and Recurring DomainsNeurIPS 2025PDF
ReTAAdvancing Reliable Test-Time Adaptation of Vision-Language Models under Visual VariationsACM MM 2025PDF · Code
ReTTARethinking Entropy in Test-Time Adaptation: The Missing Piece from Energy DualityNeurIPS 2025 (Spotlight)PDF
RM-TTAMonitoring Risks in Test-Time AdaptationNeurIPS 2025PDF
SCAStatistics Caching Test-Time Adaptation for Vision-Language ModelsNeurIPS 2025PDF
SCAPSCAP: Transductive Test-Time Adaptation via Supportive Clique-based Attribute PromptingCVPR 2025PDF
SDAEverything to the Synthetic: Diffusion-driven Test-time Adaptation via Synthetic-Domain AlignmentCVPR 2025PDF · Code
SegAssistSegmentation Assisted Incremental Test Time Adaptation in an Open WorldBMVC 2025PDF
Self-Bootstrapping TTASelf-Bootstrapping for Versatile Test-Time AdaptationICML 2025PDF
SMART-PCSMART-PC: Skeletal Model Adaptation for Robust Test-Time Training in Point CloudsICML 2025PDF
SNAPSNAP: Low-Latency Test-Time Adaptation with Sparse UpdatesNeurIPS 2025PDF
SoTa-DiTDisentangle Source and Target Knowledge for Continual Test-Time AdaptationWACV 2025PDF
SSGTraining-Free Test-Time Adaptation via Shape and Style Guidance for Vision-Language ModelsNeurIPS 2025PDF
StatARealistic Test-Time Adaptation of Vision-Language ModelsCVPR 2025PDF · Code
SuMiSmoothing the Shift: Towards Stable Test-Time Adaptation under Complex Multimodal NoisesICLR 2025PDF · Code
SURGEONSURGEON: Memory-Adaptive Fully Test-Time Adaptation via Dynamic Activation SparsityCVPR 2025PDF
SVWATest-Time Adaptation in Point Clouds: Leveraging Sampling Variation with Weight AveragingWACV 2025 (Oral)PDF · Code
T2ARDCross-domain Rumor Detection via Test-Time Adaptation and Large Language ModelsEMNLP 2025PDF
TACTTest-Time Adaptation by Causal TrimmingNeurIPS 2025PDF · Code
TAPTTAPT: Test-Time Adversarial Prompt Tuning for Robust Inference in Vision-Language ModelsCVPR 2025PDF
TCATest-time Correlation AlignmentICML 2025PDF
TCAMaintaining Consistent Inter-Class Topology in Continual Test-Time AdaptationCVPR 2025PDF
TCAIs Less More? Exploring Token Condensation as Training-free Test-time AdaptationICCV 2025PDF · Code
Test-Time Training for Speech EnhancementInterspeech 2025PDF
TPSJust Shift It: Test-Time Prototype Shifting for Zero-Shot Generalization with Vision-Language ModelsWACV 2025PDF · Code
TT-GREBTest-Time Graph Rebirth: Serving GNN Generalization Under Distribution ShiftsICLR 2025PDF
TT-RAATest-Time Retrieval-Augmented Adaptation for Vision-Language ModelsICCV 2025PDF
TTA-FedDGTTA-FedDG: Leveraging Test-Time Adaptation to Address Federated Domain GeneralizationAAAI 2025PDF
TTA-SBATTest-Time Adaptation with Source Based Auxiliary TasksTMLR 2025PDF
TTLTest-Time Low Rank Adaptation via Confidence Maximization for Zero-Shot Generalization of Vision-Language ModelsWACV 2025PDF · Code
TTSATest-Time Selective Adaptation for Uni-Modal Distribution Shift in Multi-Modal DataICML 2025PDF
ZOATest-Time Model Adaptation for Quantized Neural NetworksACM MM 2025PDF · Code
Ada-ReAlignTest-time Adaptation in Non-stationary Environments via Adaptive Representation AlignmentNeurIPS 2024PDF
AdaPromptRobust Test-Time Adaptation for Zero-Shot Prompt TuningAAAI 2024PDF
AdapTableAdapTable: Test-Time Adaptation for Tabular Data via Shift-Aware Uncertainty Calibrator and Label Distribution HandlerNeurIPS Workshop 2024PDF · Code
AdaptODLong-Tailed Out-of-Distribution Detection via Normalized Outlier Distribution AdaptationNeurIPS 2024PDF · Code
APMAsynchronous Perception Machine for Efficient Test Time TrainingNeurIPS 2024PDF · Code
ATTAATTA: Adaptive Test-Time Adaptation for Multi-Modal Sleep Stage ClassificationIJCAI 2024PDF
BeCoTTABECoTTA: Input-dependent Online Blending of Experts for Continual Test-time AdaptationICML 2024PDF · Code
BFTT3DBackpropagation-free Network for 3D Test-time AdaptationCVPR 2024PDF
BoostAdapterBoostAdapter: Improving Vision-Language Test-Time Adaptation via Regional BootstrappingNeurIPS 2024PDF · Code
BoT-TTABag of Tricks for Fully Test-Time AdaptationWACV 2024PDF · Code
C-TPTC-TPT: Calibrated Test-Time Prompt Tuning for Vision-Language Models via Text Feature DispersionICLR 2024PDF · Code
CEMATowards Robust and Efficient Cloud-Edge Elastic Model Adaptation via Selective Entropy DistillationICLR 2024PDF · Code
CloudFixerCloudFixer: Test-Time Adaptation for 3D Point Clouds via Diffusion-Guided Geometric TransformationECCV 2024PDF · Code
CMFContinual Momentum Filtering on Parameter Space for Online Test-time AdaptationICLR 2024PDF · Code
CoLACross-Device Collaborative Test-Time AdaptationNeurIPS 2024PDF · Code
Continual-MAEContinual-MAE: Adaptive Distribution Masked Autoencoders for Continual Test-Time AdaptationCVPR 2024PDF · Code
DA-TTADistribution Alignment for Fully Test-Time Adaptation with Dynamic Online Data StreamsECCV 2024PDF
DARTDART: Dual-Modal Adaptive Online Prompting and Knowledge Retention for Test-Time AdaptationAAAI 2024PDF · Code
DCTDomain-Conditioned Transformer for Fully Test-time AdaptationACM MM 2024PDF · Code
DecorruptorEfficient Diffusion-Driven Corruption Editor for Test-Time AdaptationECCV 2024PDF · Code
DeYOEntropy is not Enough for Test-Time Adaptation: From the Perspective of Disentangled FactorsICLR 2024 (Spotlight)PDF · Code
Diversity BufferDiversity-Aware Buffer for Coping with Temporally Correlated Data Streams in Online Test-Time AdaptationICASSP 2024PDF · Code
DMNDual Memory Networks: A Versatile Adaptation Approach for Vision-Language ModelsCVPR 2024PDF · Code
DPALDual-Path Adversarial Lifting for Domain Shift Correction in Online Test-Time AdaptationECCV 2024PDF · Code
DPEDual Prototype Evolving for Test-Time Generalization of Vision-Language ModelsNeurIPS 2024PDF · Code
DPLOTDomain-Specific Block Selection and Paired-View Pseudo-Labeling for Online Test-Time AdaptationCVPR 2024PDF · Code
DSSContinual Test-time Domain Adaptation via Dynamic Sample SelectionWACV 2024PDF
DUSAExploring Structured Semantic Priors Underlying Diffusion Score for Test-time AdaptationNeurIPS 2024PDF · Code
EEG-OTTACalibration-free online test-time adaptation for electroencephalography motor imagery decodingBCI 2024PDF
FOATest-Time Model Adaptation with Only Forward PassesICML 2024 (Oral)PDF · Code
GOODATGOODAT: Towards Test-Time Graph Out-of-Distribution DetectionAAAI 2024PDF · Code
GraphCTACollaborate to Adapt: Source-Free Graph Domain Adaptation via Bi-directional AdaptationWWW 2024PDF · Code
GTTAIntroducing Intermediate Domains for Effective Self-Training during Test-TimeIJCNN 2024PDF · Code
HILTTAExploring Human-in-the-Loop Test-Time Adaptation by Synergizing Active Learning and Model SelectionTMLR 2024PDF
HisTPTHistorical Test-time Prompt Tuning for Vision Foundation ModelsNeurIPS 2024PDF
HomoTTTA Fully Test-Time Training Framework for Semi-Supervised Node Classification on Out-of-Distribution GraphsACM TKDD 2024
IG-DefenseInterpretability-Guided Test-Time Adversarial DefenseECCV 2024PDF
ISTImproved Self-Training for Test-Time AdaptationCVPR 2024PDF
L-TTAL-TTA: Lightweight Test-Time Adaptation Using a Versatile Stem LayerNeurIPS 2024PDF · Code
LAWLayer-Wise Auto-Weighting for Non-Stationary Test-Time AdaptationWACV 2024PDF · Code
LLM Embeddings Improve Test-time Adaptation to Tabular Y|X-ShiftsarXiv 2024PDF
LLMTTTTest-Time Training on Graphs with Large Language Models (LLMs)ACM MM 2024PDF
M2N2When Model Meets New Normals: Test-time Adaptation for Unsupervised Time-series Anomaly DetectionAAAI 2024PDF · Code
MedBNMedBN: Robust Test-Time Adaptation against Malicious Test SamplesCVPR 2024PDF · Code
MeTTAMeTTA: Single-View to 3D Textured Mesh Reconstruction with Test-Time AdaptationBMVC 2024PDF · Code
MTAOn the Test-Time Zero-Shot Generalization of Vision-Language Models: Do We Really Need Prompt Learning?CVPR 2024PDF · Code
OBAOReshaping the Online Data Buffering and Organizing Mechanism for Continual Test-Time AdaptationECCV 2024PDF · Code
OFTTAOptimization-Free Test-Time Adaptation for Cross-Person Activity RecognitionIMWUT 2024PDF · Code
OTATowards Robust Test-time Adaptation Method for Open-set RecognitionJOS 2024PDF
PeTTAPersistent Test-time Adaptation in Recurring Testing ScenariosNeurIPS 2024PDF · Code
PROGRAMPROGRAM: PROtotype GRAph Model based Pseudo-Label Learning for Test-Time AdaptationICLR 2024PDF
pSTarCpSTarC: Pseudo Source Guided Target Clustering for Fully Test-Time AdaptationWACV 2024PDF
REALMREALM: Robust Entropy Adaptive Loss Minimization for Improved Single-Sample Test-Time AdaptationWACV 2024PDF
RoIDUniversal Test-time Adaptation through Weight Ensembling, Diversity Weighting, and Prior CorrectionWACV 2024PDF · Code
SGTTATest-Time Adaptation via Style and Structure Guidance for Histological Image RegistrationAAAI 2024PDF
SimATTAActive Test-Time Adaptation: Theoretical Analyses and An AlgorithmICLR 2024PDF · Code
SLWIStationary Latent Weight Inference for Unreliable Observations from Online Test-Time AdaptationICML 2024PDF
SOGASource Free Graph Unsupervised Domain AdaptationWSDM 2024PDF · Code
STAMPSTAMP: Outlier-Aware Test-Time Adaptation with Stable Memory ReplayECCV 2024PDF · Code
STAMPOutlier-Aware Test-Time Adaptation with Stable Memory ReplayECCV 2024PDF · Code
STMAMulti-Source and Test-Time Domain Adaptation on Multivariate Signals using Spatio-Temporal Monge AlignmentarXiv 2024PDF
SVP-FTTASingular Value Penalization and Semantic Data Augmentation for Fully Test-Time AdaptationAAAI 2024PDF
T3ALTest-Time Zero-Shot Temporal Action LocalizationCVPR 2024PDF · Code
TabLogTabLog: Test-Time Adaptation for Tabular Data Using Logic RulesICML 2024PDF · Code
TDAEfficient Test-Time Adaptation of Vision-Language ModelsCVPR 2024PDF · Code
TEATEA: Test-time Energy AdaptationCVPR 2024PDF · Code
TEMAUnraveling Batch Normalization for Realistic Test-Time AdaptationAAAI 2024PDF · Code
TRIBETowards Real-World Test-Time Adaptation: Tri-Net Self-Training with Balanced NormalizationAAAI 2024PDF · Code
TTAC++Revisiting Realistic Test-Time Training: Sequential Inference and Adaptation by Anchored Clustering Regularized Self-TrainingIEEE TPAMI 2024PDF · Code
TTDG-FASTest-Time Domain Generalization for Face Anti-SpoofingCVPR 2024PDF
UniEntUnified Entropy Optimization for Open-Set Test-Time AdaptationCVPR 2024PDF · Code
VCoTTAVariational Continual Test-Time AdaptationarXiv 2024PDF
Versatile-CTTAA Versatile Framework for Continual Test-Time Domain Adaptation: Balancing Discriminability and GeneralizabilityCVPR 2024PDF
ViDAViDA: Homeostatic Visual Domain Adapter for Continual Test Time AdaptationICLR 2024PDF · Code
VNLLearning Variational Neighbor Labels for Test-Time Domain GeneralizationCoLLAs 2024PDF
WATTWATT: Weight Average Test-Time Adaptation of CLIPNeurIPS 2024PDF · Code
ZEROFrustratingly Easy Test-Time Adaptation of Vision-Language ModelsNeurIPS 2024PDF · Code
3A-TTATest-Time Adaptation for Robust Face Anti-SpoofingBMVC 2023PDF
ActMADActMAD: Activation Matching to Align Distributions for Test-Time-TrainingCVPR 2023PDF · Code
AdaNPCAdaNPC: Exploring Non-Parametric Classifier for Test-Time AdaptationICML 2023PDF · Code
AMEExploring Motion Cues for Video Test-Time AdaptationACM MM 2023PDF
ATPAdaptive Test-Time Personalization for Federated LearningNeurIPS 2023PDF · Code
AUTOAUTO: Adaptive Outlier Optimization for Online Test-Time OOD DetectionarXiv 2023PDF
CVPConvolutional Visual Prompt for Robust Visual PerceptionNeurIPS 2023PDF
DDABack to the Source: Diffusion-Driven Adaptation to Test-Time CorruptionCVPR 2023PDF · Code
DELTADELTA: Degradation-Free Fully Test-Time AdaptationICLR 2023PDF
DiffTPTDiverse Data Augmentation with Diffusions for Effective Test-time Prompt TuningICCV 2023PDF · Code
Diffusion-TTADiffusion-TTA: Test-time Adaptation of Discriminative Models via Generative FeedbackNeurIPS 2023PDF · Code
DomainAdaptorDomainAdaptor: A Novel Approach to Test-time AdaptationICCV 2023PDF · Code
EcoTTAEcoTTA: Memory-Efficient Continual Test-time Adaptation via Self-distilled RegularizationCVPR 2023PDF
FedICONIs Heterogeneity Notorious? Taming Heterogeneity to Handle Test-Time Shift in Federated LearningNeurIPS 2023PDF
FedTHETest-Time Robust Personalization for Federated LearningICLR 2023PDF · Code
FR-GNNFR-GNN: Mitigating the Impact of Distribution Shift on Graph Neural Networks via Test-Time Feature ReconstructionarXiv 2023PDF
GraphPatcherGraphPatcher: Mitigating Degree Bias for Graph Neural Networks via Test-time AugmentationNeurIPS 2023PDF · Code
GTransEmpowering Graph Representation Learning with Test-Time Graph TransformationICLR 2023PDF · Code
IAIA Unified Framework for Robustness on Diverse Sampling ErrorsICCV 2023PDF
ITTAImproved Test-Time Adaptation for Domain GeneralizationCVPR 2023PDF · Code
Label Shift Adapter for Test-Time Adaptation under Covariate and Label ShiftsICCV 2023PDF
MATEMATE: Masked Autoencoders are Online 3D Test-Time LearnersICCV 2023PDF · Code
MECTAMECTA: Memory-Economic Continual Test-Time Model AdaptationICLR 2023PDF · Code
NHLNeuro-Modulated Hebbian Learning for Fully Test-Time AdaptationCVPR 2023PDF
ODSODS: Test-Time Adaptation in the Presence of Open-World Data ShiftICML 2023 (Oral)PDF · Code
OWTTTOn the Robustness of Open-World Test-Time Training: Self-Training with Dynamic Prototype ExpansionICCV 2023 (Oral)PDF · Code
PETALA Probabilistic Framework for Lifelong Test-Time AdaptationCVPR 2023PDF · Code
Point-TTAPoint-TTA: Test-Time Adaptation for Point Cloud Registration Using Multitask Meta-Auxiliary LearningICCV 2023PDF
PromptAlignAlign Your Prompts: Test-Time Prompting with Distribution Alignment for Zero-Shot GeneralizationNeurIPS 2023PDF · Code
RMTRobust Mean Teacher for Continual and Gradual Test-Time AdaptationCVPR 2023PDF · Code
RNARapid Network Adaptation: Learning to Adapt Neural Networks Using Test-Time FeedbackICCV 2023PDF · Code
RoTTARobust Test-Time Adaptation in Dynamic ScenariosCVPR 2023PDF · Code
SANTASANTA: Source Anchoring Network and Target Alignment for Continual Test Time AdaptationTMLR 2023PDF · Code
SARTowards Stable Test-Time Adaptation in Dynamic Wild WorldICLR 2023 (Oral)PDF · Code
SoTTASoTTA: Robust Test-Time Adaptation on Noisy Data StreamsNeurIPS 2023PDF · Code
SwapPromptSwapPrompt: Test-Time Prompt Adaptation for Vision-Language ModelsNeurIPS 2023PDF
TASTTest-Time Adaptation via Self-Training with Nearest Neighbor InformationICLR 2023PDF · Code
TeCoTemporal Coherent Test-Time Optimization for Robust Video ClassificationICLR 2023PDF
TeSLATeSLA: Test-Time Self-Learning With Automatic Adversarial AugmentationCVPR 2023PDF · Code
TeSTTeST: Test-time Self-Training under Distribution ShiftWACV 2023PDF
TIPITIPI: Test Time Adaptation with Transformation InvarianceCVPR 2023PDF · Code
Towards Open-Set Test-Time Adaptation Utilizing the Wisdom of Crowds in Entropy MinimizationICCV 2023PDF
TSDFeature Alignment and Uniformity for Test Time AdaptationCVPR 2023PDF · Code
TTLSABeyond Invariance: Test-Time Label-Shift Adaptation for Addressing "Spurious" CorrelationsNeurIPS 2023PDF · Code
TTNTTN: A Domain-Shift Aware Batch Normalization in Test-Time AdaptationICLR 2023PDF
VDPDecorate the Newcomers: Visual Domain Prompt for Continual Test Time AdaptationAAAI 2023 (Oral)PDF
ViTTAVideo Test-Time Adaptation for Action RecognitionCVPR 2023PDF · Code
VPAVPA: Fully Test-Time Visual Prompt AdaptationACM MM 2023PDF
AdaContrastContrastive Test-Time AdaptationCVPR 2022PDF · Code
Anti-AdversaryCombating Adversaries with Anti-AdversariesAAAI 2022PDF · Code
CFA-ViTRobustifying Vision Transformer without Retraining from Scratch by Test-Time Class-Conditional Feature AlignmentIJCAI 2022PDF · Code
Conjugate PLTest-Time Adaptation via Conjugate Pseudo-labelsNeurIPS 2022PDF · Code
CoTTAContinual Test-Time Domain AdaptationCVPR 2022PDF · Code
DUAThe Norm Must Go On: Dynamic Unsupervised Domain Adaptation by NormalizationCVPR 2022PDF · Code
EATAEfficient Test-Time Model Adaptation without ForgettingICML 2022 (Spotlight)PDF · Code
Ev-TTAEv-TTA: Test-Time Adaptation for Event-Based Object RecognitionCVPR 2022PDF · Code
GAPGCGraphTTA: Test Time Adaptation on Graph Neural NetworksarXiv 2022PDF
GT3Test-Time Training for Graph Neural NetworksarXiv 2022PDF
LAMEParameter-free Online Test-time AdaptationCVPR 2022 (Oral)PDF · Code
MEMOMEMO: Test Time Robustness via Adaptation and AugmentationNeurIPS 2022PDF · Code
Meta-DMoEMeta-DMoE: Adapting to Domain Shift by Meta-Distillation from Mixture-of-ExpertsNeurIPS 2022PDF · Code
MT3MT3: Meta Test-Time Training for Self-Supervised Test-Time AdaptionAISTATS 2022PDF · Code
NOTENOTE: Robust Continual Test-time Adaptation Against Temporal CorrelationNeurIPS 2022PDF · Code
OSTOST: Improving Generalization of DeepFake Detection via One-Shot Test-Time TrainingNeurIPS 2022PDF · Code
SADESelf-Supervised Aggregation of Diverse Experts for Test-Agnostic Long-Tailed RecognitionNeurIPS 2022PDF · Code
Sketch3TSketch3T: Test-Time Training for Zero-Shot SBIRCVPR 2022PDF · Code
SSGenLearning to Generalize Across Domains on Single Test SamplesICLR 2022PDF · Code
SWR-NSPImproving Test-Time Adaptation via Shift-Agnostic Weight Regularization and Nearest Source PrototypesECCV 2022PDF
TPTTest-Time Prompt Tuning for Zero-Shot Generalization in Vision-Language ModelsNeurIPS 2022PDF · Code
TTA-Calib (Med)Test-time Adaptation with Calibration of Medical Image Classification Nets for Label Distribution ShiftMICCAI 2022PDF
TTACRevisiting Realistic Test-Time Training: Sequential Inference and Adaptation by Anchored ClusteringNeurIPS 2022PDF · Code
TTT-MAETest-Time Training with Masked AutoencodersNeurIPS 2022PDF · Code
ARMAdaptive Risk Minimization: Learning to Adapt to Domain ShiftNeurIPS 2021PDF · Code
BACSTraining on Test Data with Bayesian Adaptation for Covariate ShiftNeurIPS 2021PDF
Core (alpha-BN)Test-Time Batch Statistics Calibration for Covariate ShiftarXiv 2021PDF
ITTPGeneralization on Unseen Domains via Inference-Time Label-Preserving Target ProjectionsCVPR 2021 (Oral)PDF · Code
MixNormMixNorm: Test-Time Adaptation Through Online Normalization EstimationarXiv 2021PDF
OLS-OGDOnline Adaptation to Label Distribution ShiftNeurIPS 2021PDF · Code
Robust Self-LearningIf Your Data Distribution Shifts, Use Self-LearningarXiv 2021PDF · Code
SLR+ITTest-Time Adaptation to Distribution Shift by Confidence Maximization and Input TransformationarXiv 2021PDF
T3ATest-Time Classifier Adjustment Module for Model-Agnostic Domain GeneralizationNeurIPS 2021 (Spotlight)PDF · Code
TailoringTailoring: Encoding Inductive Biases by Optimizing Unsupervised Objectives at Prediction TimeNeurIPS 2021PDF
TENTTent: Fully Test-Time Adaptation by Entropy MinimizationICLR 2021 (Spotlight)PDF · Code
TTA-AEAutoencoder Based Self-Supervised Test-Time Adaptation for Medical Image AnalysisMedIA 2021PDF · Code
TTA-PRTest Time Adaptation through Perturbation RobustnessNeurIPS 2021 WorkshopPDF
TTEEnhancing Adversarial Robustness via Test-time Transformation EnsemblingICCVW 2021PDF · Code
TTT++TTT++: When Does Self-Supervised Test-Time Training Fail or Thrive?NeurIPS 2021PDF · Code
BN-AdaptImproving Robustness against Common Corruptions by Covariate Shift AdaptationNeurIPS 2020PDF · Code
PredBNEvaluating Prediction-Time Batch Normalization for Robustness under Covariate ShiftarXiv 2020PDF
SDA-NetSelf Domain Adapted NetworkMICCAI 2020PDF · Code
SHOTDo We Really Need to Access the Source Data? Source Hypothesis Transfer for Unsupervised Domain AdaptationICML 2020PDF · Code
TTTTest-Time Training with Self-Supervision for Generalization under Distribution ShiftsICML 2020PDF · Code
GeOSLearning to Generalize One Sample at a Time with Self-SupervisionarXiv 2019PDF
AdaBNRevisiting Batch Normalization For Practical Domain AdaptationICLR 2017 WorkshopPDF

Segmentation

NamePaperVenueLinks
A3-TTAA3-TTA: Adaptive Anchor Alignment Test-Time Adaptation for Image SegmentationIEEE TIP 2026PDF
APCoTTAAPCoTTA: Continual Test-Time Adaptation for Semantic Segmentation of Airborne LiDAR Point CloudsISPRS JPRS 2026PDF · Code
SPEGCSPEGC: Continual Test-Time Adaptation via Semantic-Prompt-Enhanced Graph Clustering for Medical Image SegmentationCVPR 2026PDF
CAV-SAMCorrespondence as Video: Test-Time Adaption on SAM2 for Reference Segmentation in the WildICCV 2025PDF
D3CTTAD^3CTTA: Domain-Dependent Decorrelation for Continual Test-Time Adaption of 3D LiDAR SegmentationCVPR 2025PDF
DC-TTADC-TTA: Divide-and-Conquer Framework for Test-Time Adaptation of Interactive SegmentationICCV 2025PDF
Hybrid-TTAHybrid-TTA: Continual Test-time Adaptation via Dynamic Domain Shift DetectionICCV 2025PDF
MedSAM-TTATest-time Adaptation for Foundation Medical Segmentation Model Without Parametric UpdatesICCV 2025PDF
MLMPTest-Time Adaptation of Vision-Language Models for Open-Vocabulary Semantic SegmentationNeurIPS 2025PDF
MoIESequence-Independent Continual Test-Time Adaptation with Mixture of Incremental Experts for Cross-Domain SegmentationMICCAI 2025
MuViSingle Image Test-Time Adaptation via Multi-View Co-TrainingMICCAI 2025PDF · Code
Online TTTTest-Time Training on Video StreamsJMLR 2025PDF
PLATO-TTAPLATO-TTA: Prototype-Guided Pseudo-Labeling and Adaptive Tuning for Multi-Modal Test-Time Adaptation of 3D SegmentationACM MM 2025
PTTEAProgressive Test Time Energy Adaptation for Medical Image SegmentationICCV 2025
S4TSynchronizing Task Behavior: Aligning Multiple Tasks during Test-Time TrainingICCV 2025PDF
TEGDATEGDA: Test-time Evaluation-Guided Dynamic Adaptation for Medical Image SegmentationMICCAI 2025PDF · Code
TopoTTATopoTTA: Topology-Enhanced Test-Time Adaptation for Tubular Structure SegmentationICCV 2025PDF
TTDG-MGMTest-Time Domain Generalization via Universe Learning: A Multi-Graph Matching Approach for Medical Image SegmentationCVPR 2025PDF
TTT-KDTTT-KD: Test-Time Training for 3D Semantic Segmentation through Knowledge Distillation from Foundation Models3DV 2025PDF
VICTTest-Time Visual In-Context TuningCVPR 2025PDF
HGLHGL: Hierarchical Geometry Learning for Test-time Adaptation in 3D Point Cloud SegmentationECCV 2024PDF · Code
LatteInteractive Test-Time Adaptation with Reliable Spatial-Temporal Voxels for Multi-Modal SegmentationECCV 2024PDF · Code
OCLTest-Time Training for Semantic Segmentation with Output Contrastive LossICLR 2024PDF · Code
SVDPExploring Sparse Visual Prompt for Domain Adaptive Dense PredictionAAAI 2024PDF · Code
VPTTAEach Test Image Deserves A Specific Prompt: Continual Test-Time Adaptation for 2D Medical Image SegmentationCVPR 2024PDF · Code
ATTAATTA: Anomaly-aware Test-Time Adaptation for Out-of-Distribution Detection in SegmentationNeurIPS 2023PDF · Code
CMAContrastive Model Adaptation for Cross-Condition Robustness in Semantic SegmentationICCV 2023PDF · Code
CoMACMulti-Modal Continual Test-Time Adaptation for 3D Semantic SegmentationICCV 2023PDF · Code
DIGADynamically Instance-Guided Adaptation: A Backward-Free Approach for Test-Time Domain Adaptive Semantic SegmentationCVPR 2023PDF · Code
HAMLETTo Adapt or Not to Adapt? Real-Time Adaptation for Semantic SegmentationICCV 2023PDF · Code
Slot-TTATest-time Adaptation with Slot-Centric ModelsICML 2023PDF · Code
TT-MCCTest-time Training for Matching-based Video Object SegmentationNeurIPS 2023PDF · Code
AuxAdaptAuxAdapt: Stable and Efficient Test-Time Adaptation for Temporally Consistent Video Semantic SegmentationWACV 2022PDF
DLTTADLTTA: Dynamic Learning Rate for Test-Time Adaptation on Cross-Domain Medical ImagesIEEE TMI 2022PDF · Code
GIPSOGIPSO: Geometrically Informed Propagation for Online Adaptation in 3D LiDAR SegmentationECCV 2022PDF · Code
InstCalLearning Instance-Specific Adaptation for Cross-Domain SegmentationECCV 2022PDF · Code
MM-TTAMM-TTA: Multi-Modal Test-Time Adaptation for 3D Semantic SegmentationCVPR 2022PDF
OASISOn the Road to Online Adaptation for Semantic Image SegmentationCVPR 2022PDF · Code
SEMTest-Time Adaptation with Shape Moments for Image SegmentationMICCAI 2022PDF · Code
SSTTA-VideoSelf-Supervised Test-Time Adaptation on Video DataWACV 2022PDF
TASDSingle-Domain Generalization in Medical Image Segmentation via Test-Time Adaptation from Shape DictionaryAAAI 2022PDF
FTTA-SegFully Test-Time Adaptation for Image SegmentationMICCAI 2021PDF
TTN-MedTest-Time Adaptable Neural Networks for Robust Medical Image SegmentationMedIA 2021PDF · Code
TT-UDATest-Time Unsupervised Domain AdaptationMICCAI 2020PDF
DSIMEDynamic Scale Inference by Entropy MinimizationarXiv 2019PDF

Detection

NamePaperVenueLinks
CoTGARobust Object Detection with Domain-Invariant Training and Continual Test-Time AdaptationIJCV 2025
DUOAdaptive Dual Uncertainty Optimization: Boosting Monocular 3D Object Detection under Test-Time ShiftsICCV 2025
MOSMOS: Model Synergy for Test-Time Adaptation on LiDAR-Based 3D Object DetectionICLR 2025PDF
PURAPURA: Parameter Update-Recovery Test-Time Adaption for RGB-T TrackingCVPR 2025PDF
SAM-TTTSAM-TTT: Segment Anything Model via Reverse Parameter Configuration and Test-Time Training for Camouflaged Object DetectionACM MM 2025PDF
SGPEfficient Test-time Adaptive Object Detection via Sensitivity-Guided PruningCVPR 2025PDF
AMRODExploring Test-Time Adaptation for Object Detection in Continually Changing EnvironmentsarXiv 2024PDF
CTAODWhat, How, and When Should Object Detectors Update in Continually Changing Test Domains?CVPR 2024PDF · Code
DPODPO: Dual-Perturbation Optimization for Test-time Adaptation in 3D Object DetectionACM MM 2024PDF · Code
MonoTTAFully Test-Time Adaptation for Monocular 3D Object DetectionECCV 2024PDF · Code
PS-TTLPS-TTL: Prototype-based Soft-labels and Test-Time Learning for Few-shot Object DetectionACM MM 2024PDF · Code
MemCLRTowards Online Domain Adaptive Object DetectionWACV 2023PDF · Code
STFARSTFAR: Improving Object Detection Robustness at Test-Time by Self-Training with Feature Alignment RegularizationarXiv 2023PDF
TTA-COPETTA-COPE: Test-Time Adaptation for Category-Level Object Pose EstimationCVPR 2023PDF
OSHOTOne-Shot Unsupervised Cross-Domain DetectionECCV 2020PDF

Regression

NamePaperVenueLinks
ADAPT-ZOnline Time Series Prediction Using Feature AdjustmentICLR 2026PDF · Code
MotionDisc-3DPoseRobust Long-term Test-Time Adaptation for 3D Human Pose Estimation through Motion DiscretizationAAAI 2026PDF
Test-Time Adaptation without Source Data for Out-of-Domain Bioactivity PredictionICLR 2026
V-HPOTTowards Egocentric 3D Hand Pose Estimation in Unseen DomainsWACV 2026PDF
CRISPCRISP: Object Pose and Shape Estimation with Test-Time AdaptationCVPR 2025PDF
Drug-TTADrug-TTA: Test-Time Adaptation for Drug Virtual Screening via Multi-task Meta-Auxiliary LearningICML 2025PDF
ETAETA: Energy-based Test-time Adaptation for Depth CompletionICCV 2025PDF
PETSAAccurate Parameter-Efficient Test-Time Adaptation for Time Series ForecastingICML 2025 WorkshopPDF · Code
Q-PARTQ-PART: Quasi-Periodic Adaptive Regression with Test-time Training for Pediatric Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction RegressionCVPR 2025PDF
RAPTo Remember, To Adapt, To Preempt: A Stable Continual Test-Time Adaptation Framework for Remote Physiological Measurement in Dynamic Domain ShiftsACM MM 2025PDF
RobIARobIA: Robust Instance-aware Continual Test-time Adaptation for Deep StereoNeurIPS 2025PDF
SA-3DPoseSemantics-aware Test-time Adaptation for 3D Human Pose EstimationICML 2025PDF
TAFASBattling the Non-stationarity in Time Series Forecasting via Test-time AdaptationAAAI 2025PDF · Code
TAIPOnline test-time adaptation for better generalization of interatomic potentials to out-of-distribution dataNature Comm. 2025PDF · Code
TTPTTest-Time Prompt Tuning for Zero-Shot Depth CompletionICCV 2025PDF
Bi-TTABi-TTA: Bidirectional Test-Time Adapter for Remote Physiological MeasurementECCV 2024PDF
HoCoTTAHuman Motion Forecasting in Dynamic Domain Shifts: A Homeostatic Continual Test-Time Adaptation FrameworkECCV 2024PDF
TPGazeTest-Time Personalization with Meta Prompt for Gaze EstimationAAAI 2024PDF · Code
TTT-ForecastTest Time Learning for Time Series ForecastingarXiv 2024PDF
CycleAdaptCyclic Test-Time Adaptation on Monocular Video for 3D Human Mesh ReconstructionICCV 2023PDF · Code
OptFlow-TTATest-Time Adaptation for Optical Flow Estimation Using Motion VectorsIEEE TIP 2023
TTA-IQATest Time Adaptation for Blind Image Quality AssessmentICCV 2023PDF · Code
SCIOSelf-Constrained Inference Optimization on Structural Groups for Human Pose EstimationECCV 2022PDF
UADA-3DPoseUncertainty-Aware Adaptation for Self-Supervised 3D Human Pose EstimationCVPR 2022PDF
BOABilevel Online Adaptation for Out-of-Domain Human Mesh ReconstructionCVPR 2021PDF · Code
TTPTest-Time Personalization with a Transformer for Human Pose EstimationNeurIPS 2021PDF · Code
Instance-Adapt DepthMonocular Depth Estimation with Self-supervised Instance AdaptationarXiv 2020PDF

Restoration

NamePaperVenueLinks
CSNContinual Test-Time Adaptation for Single Image Defocus Deblurring via Causal Siamese NetworksIJCV 2025
TTA-ICTest-time Adaptation for Image Compression with Distribution RegularizationICLR 2025PDF
TTADRobust Test-Time Adaptation for Single Image Denoising Using Deep Gaussian PriorICCV 2025PDF
TTFT-CompressTest-Time Fine-Tuning of Image Compression Models for Multi-Task AdaptabilityCVPR 2025PDF
DADeblurDomain-Adaptive Video Deblurring via Test-Time BlurringECCV 2024PDF · Code
LANLAN: Learning to Adapt Noise for Image DenoisingCVPR 2024PDF
TAOTest-Time Degradation Adaptation for Open-Set Image RestorationICML 2024 (Spotlight)PDF · Code
TPCTPC: Test-time Procrustes Calibration for Diffusion-based Human Image AnimationNeurIPS 2024PDF · Code
TTA-EVFTTA-EVF: Test-Time Adaptation for Event-based Video Frame Interpolation via Reliable Pixel and Sample EstimationCVPR 2024PDF · Code
PC-Upsample TTATest-Time Adaptation for Point Cloud Upsampling Using Meta-LearningIROS 2023PDF
SRTTAEfficient Test-Time Adaptation for Super-Resolution with Second-Order Degradation and ReconstructionNeurIPS 2023PDF · Code
Dehaze-TTTTowards Multi-Domain Single Image Dehazing via Test-Time TrainingCVPR 2022PDF
Test-Time Training Can Close the Natural Distribution Shift Performance Gap in Deep Learning Based Compressed SensingICML 2022 (Spotlight)PDF · Code

Retrieval & Ranking

NamePaperVenueLinks
DART3DART3: Leveraging Distance for Test Time Adaptation in Person Re-IdentificationarXiv 2025PDF
TCRTest-time Adaptation for Cross-modal Retrieval with Query ShiftICLR 2025PDF
TTA-TBPSTest-Time Adaptation for Text-Based Person SearchACM MM 2025
BNTAGeneralizable Person Re-Identification via Self-Supervised Batch Norm Test-Time AdaptionAAAI 2022PDF

Sequence & Language

NamePaperVenueLinks
ASR-TRABoosting ASR Robustness via Test-Time Reinforcement Learning with Audio-Text Semantic RewardsarXiv 2026PDF
Billet-OCR TTABillet Number Recognition Based on Test-Time AdaptationarXiv 2025PDF
DMSUTADynamic Model-Bank Test-Time Adaptation for Automatic Speech RecognitionEMNLP 2025PDF
DocTTTDocTTT: Test-Time Training for Handwritten Document Recognition Using Meta-Auxiliary LearningWACV 2025PDF
MetaWriterMetaWriter: Personalized Handwritten Text Recognition Using Meta-Learned Prompt TuningCVPR 2025PDF
SCRIBESCRIBE: Stroke- and Context-Regularized Test-Time Adaptation for Handwritten Text RecognitionarXiv 2025
SEALSelf-Adapting Language ModelsNeurIPS 2025PDF · Code
SLM-TTASLM-TTA: A Framework for Test-Time Adaptation of Generative Spoken Language ModelsarXiv 2025PDF
SUTA-LMSUTA-LM: Bridging Test-Time Adaptation and Language Model Rescoring for Robust ASRASRU 2025PDF
TimeMask-TTATime-Masked Transformers with Lightweight Test-Time Adaptation for Neural Speech DecodingNeurIPS 2025PDF
TTLTest-Time Learning for Large Language ModelsICML 2025PDF
TTRLTTRL: Test-Time Reinforcement LearningNeurIPS 2025PDF · Code
TTT (ARC)The Surprising Effectiveness of Test-Time Training for Abstract ReasoningICML 2025PDF · Code
TTT-FewShotThe Surprising Effectiveness of Test-Time Training for Few-Shot LearningICML 2025PDF
CEAAdvancing Test-Time Adaptation in Wild Acoustic Test SettingsEMNLP 2024PDF
DSUTAContinual Test-time Adaptation for End-to-end Speech Recognition on Noisy SpeechEMNLP 2024PDF · Code
TTT-Linear/MLPLearning to (Learn at Test Time): RNNs with Expressive Hidden StatesarXiv 2024PDF · Code
TTT-NNTest-Time Training on Nearest Neighbors for Large Language ModelsICLR 2024PDF · Code
Anti-Collapse TTABeware of Model Collapse! Fast and Stable Test-time Adaptation for Robust Question AnsweringEMNLP 2023PDF
AWMCAWMC: Online Test-Time Adaptation Without Mode Collapse for Continual AdaptationASRU 2023
DocTTATest-Time Adaptation for Visual Document UnderstandingTMLR 2023PDF
PCLTest-Time Adaptation with Perturbation Consistency LearningarXiv 2023PDF
SGEMSGEM: Test-Time Adaptation for Automatic Speech Recognition via Sequential-Level Generalized Entropy MinimizationInterspeech 2023 (Oral)PDF · Code
TaUTest-time Adaptation for Machine Translation Evaluation by Uncertainty MinimizationACL 2023PDF · Code
TDS (VQA)Test-Time Model Adaptation for Visual Question Answering with Debiased Self-SupervisionsIEEE TMM 2023Code
Text-Line TTAIs it an i or an l: Test-time Adaptation of Text Line Recognition ModelsarXiv 2023PDF
SUTAListen, Adapt, Better WER: Source-free Single-utterance Test-time Adaptation for Automatic Speech RecognitionInterspeech 2022PDF · Code

Decision-Making

NamePaperVenueLinks
FeedTTATest-Time Adaptation for Online Vision-Language Navigation with Feedback-based Reinforcement LearningICML 2025PDF
MATT-CTRMATT-CTR: Unleashing a Model-Agnostic Test-Time Paradigm for CTR Prediction with Confidence-Guided Inference PathsarXiv 2025PDF
T2ARecTest-Time Alignment for Tracking User Interest Shifts in Sequential RecommendationRecSys 2025PDF
TT-RLTest-time Adapted Reinforcement Learning with Action Entropy RegularizationICML 2025PDF
TTA-GRECTest-Time Adaptation on Recommender System with Data-Centric Graph TransformationIJCAI 2025PDF
WMIWorld Model Implanting for Test-time Adaptation of Embodied AgentsICML 2025PDF
FSTTAFast-Slow Test-Time Adaptation for Online Vision-and-Language NavigationICML 2024PDF · Code
PADSelf-Supervised Policy Adaptation during DeploymentICLR 2021PDF · Code

Contributing

Spotted a missing paper or an error? Pull requests are welcome. There are two ways to add a paper.

Option A: with Claude Code (recommended)

The repo ships an add-paper skill for Claude Code. Open the repo in Claude Code and just say, for example, "add this paper: an arXiv link, a conference page, or simply the paper's title". Given only a title, the skill searches for the paper itself. It then reads the abstract, decides the Task and the Domain/Setting tags, writes the BibTeX, checks for duplicates, appends the entry to papers.json, and regenerates data.json and README.md. You just review the diff and open a PR.

Option B: by hand

  1. Append one object to papers.json with the fields full, title, authors, venue, task, tags, url, pdf, code, bibtex, presentation.
  2. Optionally run python build.py and python readme.py to preview locally.
  3. Open a pull request that commits only papers.json. data.json and README.md are auto-generated and will be regenerated by the maintainer.

This README is auto-generated by readme.py from papers.json. Last update: 2026-06-16. Page designed by Zhi Zhou.

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