Skip to content

feat: Add mass energy equivalence in physics and doctests#10202

New issue

Have a question about this project? Sign up for a free GitHub account to open an issue and contact its maintainers and the community.

Sign up for GitHub

By clicking “Sign up for GitHub”, you agree to our terms of service and privacy statement. We’ll occasionally send you account related emails.

Already on GitHub? Sign in to your account

Merged
tianyizheng02 merged 9 commits into from
Oct 23, 2023
Merged

feat: Add mass energy equivalence in physics and doctests #10202

Show file tree
Hide file tree
Changes from all commits
Commits
Show all changes
9 commits
Select commit Hold shift + click to select a range
6d3b58e
updating DIRECTORY.md
Oct 9, 2023
8e79893
feat: Add mass energy equivalence in physics
SilverDragonOfR Oct 9, 2023
6064787
Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/SilverDragonOfR/Python
SilverDragonOfR Oct 9, 2023
76647fe
updating DIRECTORY.md
Oct 9, 2023
77ac261
Merge branch 'master' into master
SilverDragonOfR Oct 12, 2023
831fe78
updating DIRECTORY.md
Oct 12, 2023
4f5e312
Apply suggestions from code review
tianyizheng02 Oct 23, 2023
bed531e
Update physics/mass_energy_equivalence.py
tianyizheng02 Oct 23, 2023
ce57c90
Update mass_energy_equivalence.py
tianyizheng02 Oct 23, 2023
File filter

Filter by extension

Filter by extension
Conversations
Failed to load comments.
Loading
Jump to
Jump to file
Failed to load files.
Loading
Diff view
Diff view
5 changes: 5 additions & 0 deletions DIRECTORY.md
View file
Open in desktop
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@

## Boolean Algebra
* [And Gate](boolean_algebra/and_gate.py)
* [Imply Gate](boolean_algebra/imply_gate.py)
* [Nand Gate](boolean_algebra/nand_gate.py)
* [Nor Gate](boolean_algebra/nor_gate.py)
* [Not Gate](boolean_algebra/not_gate.py)
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -174,7 +175,9 @@
## Data Structures
* Arrays
* [Equilibrium Index In Array](data_structures/arrays/equilibrium_index_in_array.py)
* [Find Triplets With 0 Sum](data_structures/arrays/find_triplets_with_0_sum.py)
* [Median Two Array](data_structures/arrays/median_two_array.py)
* [Pairs With Given Sum](data_structures/arrays/pairs_with_given_sum.py)
* [Permutations](data_structures/arrays/permutations.py)
* [Prefix Sum](data_structures/arrays/prefix_sum.py)
* [Product Sum](data_structures/arrays/product_sum.py)
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -385,6 +388,7 @@

## Financial
* [Equated Monthly Installments](financial/equated_monthly_installments.py)
* [Exponential Moving Average](financial/exponential_moving_average.py)
* [Interest](financial/interest.py)
* [Present Value](financial/present_value.py)
* [Price Plus Tax](financial/price_plus_tax.py)
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -793,6 +797,7 @@
* [Kinetic Energy](physics/kinetic_energy.py)
* [Lorentz Transformation Four Vector](physics/lorentz_transformation_four_vector.py)
* [Malus Law](physics/malus_law.py)
* [Mass Energy Equivalence](physics/mass_energy_equivalence.py)
* [Mirror Formulae](physics/mirror_formulae.py)
* [N Body Simulation](physics/n_body_simulation.py)
* [Newtons Law Of Gravitation](physics/newtons_law_of_gravitation.py)
Expand Down
77 changes: 77 additions & 0 deletions physics/mass_energy_equivalence.py
View file
Open in desktop
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
"""
Title:
Finding the energy equivalence of mass and mass equivalence of energy
by Einstein's equation.

Description:
Einstein's mass-energy equivalence is a pivotal concept in theoretical physics.
It asserts that energy (E) and mass (m) are directly related by the speed of
light in vacuum (c) squared, as described in the equation E = mc². This means that
mass and energy are interchangeable; a mass increase corresponds to an energy increase,
and vice versa. This principle has profound implications in nuclear reactions,
explaining the release of immense energy from minuscule changes in atomic nuclei.

Equations:
E = mc² and m = E/c², where m is mass, E is Energy, c is speed of light in vacuum.

Reference:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass%E2%80%93energy_equivalence
"""

from scipy.constants import c # speed of light in vacuum (299792458 m/s)


def energy_from_mass(mass: float) -> float:
"""
Calculates the Energy equivalence of the Mass using E = mc²
in SI units J from Mass in kg.

mass (float): Mass of body.

Usage example:
>>> energy_from_mass(124.56)
1.11948945063458e+19
>>> energy_from_mass(320)
2.8760165719578165e+19
>>> energy_from_mass(0)
0.0
>>> energy_from_mass(-967.9)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: Mass can't be negative.

"""
if mass < 0:
raise ValueError("Mass can't be negative.")
return mass * c**2


def mass_from_energy(energy: float) -> float:
"""
Calculates the Mass equivalence of the Energy using m = E/c²
in SI units kg from Energy in J.

energy (float): Mass of body.

Usage example:
>>> mass_from_energy(124.56)
1.3859169098203872e-15
>>> mass_from_energy(320)
3.560480179371579e-15
>>> mass_from_energy(0)
0.0
>>> mass_from_energy(-967.9)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: Energy can't be negative.

"""
if energy < 0:
raise ValueError("Energy can't be negative.")
return energy / c**2


if __name__ == "__main__":
import doctest

doctest.testmod()
, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { // Add copy buttons to all 
 blocks
(function() {
function addCopyButtons() {
document.querySelectorAll('pre code').forEach(function(codeBlock) {
if (codeBlock.parentElement.hasAttribute('data-copy-added')) return;
codeBlock.parentElement.setAttribute('data-copy-added', 'true');
var btn = document.createElement('button');
btn.textContent = 'Copy';
btn.style.cssText = 'position:absolute;top:4px;right:4px;padding:2px 8px;font-size:11px;background:#4ecdc4;border:none;border-radius:4px;color:#1a1a2e;cursor:pointer;opacity:0.7;transition:opacity 0.2s;';
btn.onmouseover = function() { this.style.opacity = '1'; };
btn.onmouseout = function() { this.style.opacity = '0.7'; };
btn.onclick = function() {
navigator.clipboard.writeText(codeBlock.textContent).then(function() {
btn.textContent = 'Copied!';
setTimeout(function() { btn.textContent = 'Copy'; }, 1500);
});
};
codeBlock.parentElement.style.position = 'relative';
codeBlock.parentElement.appendChild(btn);
});
}
addCopyButtons();
// Re-run on dynamic content
var observer = new MutationObserver(addCopyButtons);
observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });
})();
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Add Copy Buttons to Code Blocks]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "github.com";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + "github\\.com" + '
feat: Add mass energy equivalence in physics and doctests by SilverDragonOfR · Pull Request #10202 · TheAlgorithms/Python · GitHub
Skip to content
feat: Add mass energy equivalence in physics and doctests#10202

New issue

Have a question about this project? Sign up for a free GitHub account to open an issue and contact its maintainers and the community.

 Sign up for GitHub

By clicking “Sign up for GitHub”, you agree to our terms of service and
privacy statement. We’ll occasionally send you account related emails.

Already on GitHub?
Sign in
to your account

 Merged

tianyizheng02
merged 9 commits into

from

Oct 23, 2023
 Merged


feat: Add mass energy equivalence in physics and doctests
#10202
Show file tree
Hide file tree
 Changes from all commits
Commits

Show all changes


9 commits


Select commit
Hold shift + click to select a range
6d3b58e

updating DIRECTORY.md

Oct 9, 2023
8e79893

feat: Add mass energy equivalence in physics


SilverDragonOfR Oct 9, 2023
6064787

Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/SilverDragonOfR/Python


SilverDragonOfR Oct 9, 2023
76647fe

updating DIRECTORY.md

Oct 9, 2023
77ac261

Merge branch 'master' into master


SilverDragonOfR Oct 12, 2023
831fe78

updating DIRECTORY.md

Oct 12, 2023
4f5e312

Apply suggestions from code review


tianyizheng02 Oct 23, 2023
bed531e

Update physics/mass_energy_equivalence.py


tianyizheng02 Oct 23, 2023
ce57c90

Update mass_energy_equivalence.py


tianyizheng02 Oct 23, 2023

File filter

Filter by extension
Filter by extension
Conversations

Failed to load comments. 
Loading
Jump to

Jump to file


Failed to load files. 
Loading
 Diff view

 Diff view


5 changes: 5 additions & 0 deletions
DIRECTORY.md

View file


Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@

## Boolean Algebra
 * [And Gate](boolean_algebra/and_gate.py)
 * [Imply Gate](boolean_algebra/imply_gate.py)
 * [Nand Gate](boolean_algebra/nand_gate.py)
 * [Nor Gate](boolean_algebra/nor_gate.py)
 * [Not Gate](boolean_algebra/not_gate.py)
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -174,7 +175,9 @@
## Data Structures
 * Arrays
 * [Equilibrium Index In Array](data_structures/arrays/equilibrium_index_in_array.py)
 * [Find Triplets With 0 Sum](data_structures/arrays/find_triplets_with_0_sum.py)
 * [Median Two Array](data_structures/arrays/median_two_array.py)
 * [Pairs With Given Sum](data_structures/arrays/pairs_with_given_sum.py)
 * [Permutations](data_structures/arrays/permutations.py)
 * [Prefix Sum](data_structures/arrays/prefix_sum.py)
 * [Product Sum](data_structures/arrays/product_sum.py)
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -385,6 +388,7 @@

## Financial
 * [Equated Monthly Installments](financial/equated_monthly_installments.py)
 * [Exponential Moving Average](financial/exponential_moving_average.py)
 * [Interest](financial/interest.py)
 * [Present Value](financial/present_value.py)
 * [Price Plus Tax](financial/price_plus_tax.py)
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -793,6 +797,7 @@
 * [Kinetic Energy](physics/kinetic_energy.py)
 * [Lorentz Transformation Four Vector](physics/lorentz_transformation_four_vector.py)
 * [Malus Law](physics/malus_law.py)
 * [Mass Energy Equivalence](physics/mass_energy_equivalence.py)
 * [Mirror Formulae](physics/mirror_formulae.py)
 * [N Body Simulation](physics/n_body_simulation.py)
 * [Newtons Law Of Gravitation](physics/newtons_law_of_gravitation.py)
Expand Down

77 changes: 77 additions & 0 deletions
physics/mass_energy_equivalence.py

View file


Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
"""
Title:
Finding the energy equivalence of mass and mass equivalence of energy
by Einstein's equation.

Description:
Einstein's mass-energy equivalence is a pivotal concept in theoretical physics.
It asserts that energy (E) and mass (m) are directly related by the speed of
light in vacuum (c) squared, as described in the equation E = mc². This means that
mass and energy are interchangeable; a mass increase corresponds to an energy increase,
and vice versa. This principle has profound implications in nuclear reactions,
explaining the release of immense energy from minuscule changes in atomic nuclei.

Equations:
E = mc² and m = E/c², where m is mass, E is Energy, c is speed of light in vacuum.

Reference:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass%E2%80%93energy_equivalence
"""

from scipy.constants import c # speed of light in vacuum (299792458 m/s)


def energy_from_mass(mass: float) -> float:
 """
 Calculates the Energy equivalence of the Mass using E = mc²
 in SI units J from Mass in kg.

 mass (float): Mass of body.

 Usage example:
 >>> energy_from_mass(124.56)
 1.11948945063458e+19
 >>> energy_from_mass(320)
 2.8760165719578165e+19
 >>> energy_from_mass(0)
 0.0
 >>> energy_from_mass(-967.9)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: Mass can't be negative.

 """
 if mass < 0:
 raise ValueError("Mass can't be negative.")
 return mass * c**2


def mass_from_energy(energy: float) -> float:
 """
 Calculates the Mass equivalence of the Energy using m = E/c²
 in SI units kg from Energy in J.

 energy (float): Mass of body.

 Usage example:
 >>> mass_from_energy(124.56)
 1.3859169098203872e-15
 >>> mass_from_energy(320)
 3.560480179371579e-15
 >>> mass_from_energy(0)
 0.0
 >>> mass_from_energy(-967.9)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: Energy can't be negative.

 """
 if energy < 0:
 raise ValueError("Energy can't be negative.")
 return energy / c**2


if __name__ == "__main__":
 import doctest

 doctest.testmod()

, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
// Force GitHub README to respect dark mode
(function() {
var style = document.createElement('style');
style.textContent = '
.markdown-body {
color-scheme: dark light;
}
.markdown-body pre { background: #161b22 !important; }
.markdown-body code { background: rgba(110, 118, 129, 0.4) !important; }
.markdown-body table th, .markdown-body table td { border-color: #30363d !important; }
.markdown-body img { background: #0d1117; }
.markdown-body blockquote { border-left-color: #8b949e; }
.markdown-body hr { border-color: #30363d; }
';
document.head.appendChild(style);
})();
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:GitHub Dark Mode README Fix]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "*";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '
feat: Add mass energy equivalence in physics and doctests by SilverDragonOfR · Pull Request #10202 · TheAlgorithms/Python · GitHub
Skip to content
feat: Add mass energy equivalence in physics and doctests#10202

New issue

Have a question about this project? Sign up for a free GitHub account to open an issue and contact its maintainers and the community.

 Sign up for GitHub

By clicking “Sign up for GitHub”, you agree to our terms of service and
privacy statement. We’ll occasionally send you account related emails.

Already on GitHub?
Sign in
to your account

 Merged

tianyizheng02
merged 9 commits into

from

Oct 23, 2023
 Merged


feat: Add mass energy equivalence in physics and doctests
#10202
Show file tree
Hide file tree
 Changes from all commits
Commits

Show all changes


9 commits


Select commit
Hold shift + click to select a range
6d3b58e

updating DIRECTORY.md

Oct 9, 2023
8e79893

feat: Add mass energy equivalence in physics


SilverDragonOfR Oct 9, 2023
6064787

Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/SilverDragonOfR/Python


SilverDragonOfR Oct 9, 2023
76647fe

updating DIRECTORY.md

Oct 9, 2023
77ac261

Merge branch 'master' into master


SilverDragonOfR Oct 12, 2023
831fe78

updating DIRECTORY.md

Oct 12, 2023
4f5e312

Apply suggestions from code review


tianyizheng02 Oct 23, 2023
bed531e

Update physics/mass_energy_equivalence.py


tianyizheng02 Oct 23, 2023
ce57c90

Update mass_energy_equivalence.py


tianyizheng02 Oct 23, 2023

File filter

Filter by extension
Filter by extension
Conversations

Failed to load comments. 
Loading
Jump to

Jump to file


Failed to load files. 
Loading
 Diff view

 Diff view


5 changes: 5 additions & 0 deletions
DIRECTORY.md

View file


Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@

## Boolean Algebra
 * [And Gate](boolean_algebra/and_gate.py)
 * [Imply Gate](boolean_algebra/imply_gate.py)
 * [Nand Gate](boolean_algebra/nand_gate.py)
 * [Nor Gate](boolean_algebra/nor_gate.py)
 * [Not Gate](boolean_algebra/not_gate.py)
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -174,7 +175,9 @@
## Data Structures
 * Arrays
 * [Equilibrium Index In Array](data_structures/arrays/equilibrium_index_in_array.py)
 * [Find Triplets With 0 Sum](data_structures/arrays/find_triplets_with_0_sum.py)
 * [Median Two Array](data_structures/arrays/median_two_array.py)
 * [Pairs With Given Sum](data_structures/arrays/pairs_with_given_sum.py)
 * [Permutations](data_structures/arrays/permutations.py)
 * [Prefix Sum](data_structures/arrays/prefix_sum.py)
 * [Product Sum](data_structures/arrays/product_sum.py)
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -385,6 +388,7 @@

## Financial
 * [Equated Monthly Installments](financial/equated_monthly_installments.py)
 * [Exponential Moving Average](financial/exponential_moving_average.py)
 * [Interest](financial/interest.py)
 * [Present Value](financial/present_value.py)
 * [Price Plus Tax](financial/price_plus_tax.py)
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -793,6 +797,7 @@
 * [Kinetic Energy](physics/kinetic_energy.py)
 * [Lorentz Transformation Four Vector](physics/lorentz_transformation_four_vector.py)
 * [Malus Law](physics/malus_law.py)
 * [Mass Energy Equivalence](physics/mass_energy_equivalence.py)
 * [Mirror Formulae](physics/mirror_formulae.py)
 * [N Body Simulation](physics/n_body_simulation.py)
 * [Newtons Law Of Gravitation](physics/newtons_law_of_gravitation.py)
Expand Down

77 changes: 77 additions & 0 deletions
physics/mass_energy_equivalence.py

View file


Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
"""
Title:
Finding the energy equivalence of mass and mass equivalence of energy
by Einstein's equation.

Description:
Einstein's mass-energy equivalence is a pivotal concept in theoretical physics.
It asserts that energy (E) and mass (m) are directly related by the speed of
light in vacuum (c) squared, as described in the equation E = mc². This means that
mass and energy are interchangeable; a mass increase corresponds to an energy increase,
and vice versa. This principle has profound implications in nuclear reactions,
explaining the release of immense energy from minuscule changes in atomic nuclei.

Equations:
E = mc² and m = E/c², where m is mass, E is Energy, c is speed of light in vacuum.

Reference:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass%E2%80%93energy_equivalence
"""

from scipy.constants import c # speed of light in vacuum (299792458 m/s)


def energy_from_mass(mass: float) -> float:
 """
 Calculates the Energy equivalence of the Mass using E = mc²
 in SI units J from Mass in kg.

 mass (float): Mass of body.

 Usage example:
 >>> energy_from_mass(124.56)
 1.11948945063458e+19
 >>> energy_from_mass(320)
 2.8760165719578165e+19
 >>> energy_from_mass(0)
 0.0
 >>> energy_from_mass(-967.9)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: Mass can't be negative.

 """
 if mass < 0:
 raise ValueError("Mass can't be negative.")
 return mass * c**2


def mass_from_energy(energy: float) -> float:
 """
 Calculates the Mass equivalence of the Energy using m = E/c²
 in SI units kg from Energy in J.

 energy (float): Mass of body.

 Usage example:
 >>> mass_from_energy(124.56)
 1.3859169098203872e-15
 >>> mass_from_energy(320)
 3.560480179371579e-15
 >>> mass_from_energy(0)
 0.0
 >>> mass_from_energy(-967.9)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: Energy can't be negative.

 """
 if energy < 0:
 raise ValueError("Energy can't be negative.")
 return energy / c**2


if __name__ == "__main__":
 import doctest

 doctest.testmod()

, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
// Highlight search terms from Google/DuckDuckGo/Bing referrer
(function() {
var ref = document.referrer;
var terms = [];
if (ref.includes('google.com') || ref.includes('duckduckgo.com') || ref.includes('bing.com')) {
var url = new URL(ref);
var q = url.searchParams.get('q') || url.searchParams.get('p');
if (q) {
terms = q.split(/\s+/).filter(function(t) { return t.length > 2; });
}
}
if (terms.length === 0) return;
var style = document.createElement('style');
style.textContent = '.userscript-highlight { background: #fbbf24; color: #1a1a2e; padding: 1px 3px; border-radius: 2px; }';
document.head.appendChild(style);
function highlight(node) {
if (node.nodeType === 3) { // text node
var text = node.textContent;
var found = false;
terms.forEach(function(term) {
var regex = new RegExp('(' + term.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\') + ')', 'gi');
if (regex.test(text)) {
found = true;
var frag = document.createDocumentFragment();
var parts = text.split(regex);
parts.forEach(function(part, i) {
if (i % 2 === 0) {
frag.appendChild(document.createTextNode(part));
} else {
var span = document.createElement('span');
span.className = 'userscript-highlight';
span.textContent = part;
frag.appendChild(span);
}
});
node.parentNode.replaceChild(frag, node);
}
});
} else if (node.nodeType === 1 && node.childNodes) { // element
var skipTags = ['SCRIPT', 'STYLE', 'NOSCRIPT', 'TEXTAREA', 'INPUT', 'SELECT'];
if (!skipTags.includes(node.tagName)) {
Array.from(node.childNodes).forEach(highlight);
}
}
}
highlight(document.body);
// Re-highlight on dynamic content
var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {
mutations.forEach(function(m) {
m.addedNodes.forEach(function(node) {
if (node.nodeType === 1 || node.nodeType === 3) highlight(node);
});
});
});
observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });
})();
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Highlight Search Terms]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "*";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '
feat: Add mass energy equivalence in physics and doctests by SilverDragonOfR · Pull Request #10202 · TheAlgorithms/Python · GitHub
Skip to content
feat: Add mass energy equivalence in physics and doctests#10202

New issue

Have a question about this project? Sign up for a free GitHub account to open an issue and contact its maintainers and the community.

 Sign up for GitHub

By clicking “Sign up for GitHub”, you agree to our terms of service and
privacy statement. We’ll occasionally send you account related emails.

Already on GitHub?
Sign in
to your account

 Merged

tianyizheng02
merged 9 commits into

from

Oct 23, 2023
 Merged


feat: Add mass energy equivalence in physics and doctests
#10202
Show file tree
Hide file tree
 Changes from all commits
Commits

Show all changes


9 commits


Select commit
Hold shift + click to select a range
6d3b58e

updating DIRECTORY.md

Oct 9, 2023
8e79893

feat: Add mass energy equivalence in physics


SilverDragonOfR Oct 9, 2023
6064787

Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/SilverDragonOfR/Python


SilverDragonOfR Oct 9, 2023
76647fe

updating DIRECTORY.md

Oct 9, 2023
77ac261

Merge branch 'master' into master


SilverDragonOfR Oct 12, 2023
831fe78

updating DIRECTORY.md

Oct 12, 2023
4f5e312

Apply suggestions from code review


tianyizheng02 Oct 23, 2023
bed531e

Update physics/mass_energy_equivalence.py


tianyizheng02 Oct 23, 2023
ce57c90

Update mass_energy_equivalence.py


tianyizheng02 Oct 23, 2023

File filter

Filter by extension
Filter by extension
Conversations

Failed to load comments. 
Loading
Jump to

Jump to file


Failed to load files. 
Loading
 Diff view

 Diff view


5 changes: 5 additions & 0 deletions
DIRECTORY.md

View file


Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@

## Boolean Algebra
 * [And Gate](boolean_algebra/and_gate.py)
 * [Imply Gate](boolean_algebra/imply_gate.py)
 * [Nand Gate](boolean_algebra/nand_gate.py)
 * [Nor Gate](boolean_algebra/nor_gate.py)
 * [Not Gate](boolean_algebra/not_gate.py)
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -174,7 +175,9 @@
## Data Structures
 * Arrays
 * [Equilibrium Index In Array](data_structures/arrays/equilibrium_index_in_array.py)
 * [Find Triplets With 0 Sum](data_structures/arrays/find_triplets_with_0_sum.py)
 * [Median Two Array](data_structures/arrays/median_two_array.py)
 * [Pairs With Given Sum](data_structures/arrays/pairs_with_given_sum.py)
 * [Permutations](data_structures/arrays/permutations.py)
 * [Prefix Sum](data_structures/arrays/prefix_sum.py)
 * [Product Sum](data_structures/arrays/product_sum.py)
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -385,6 +388,7 @@

## Financial
 * [Equated Monthly Installments](financial/equated_monthly_installments.py)
 * [Exponential Moving Average](financial/exponential_moving_average.py)
 * [Interest](financial/interest.py)
 * [Present Value](financial/present_value.py)
 * [Price Plus Tax](financial/price_plus_tax.py)
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -793,6 +797,7 @@
 * [Kinetic Energy](physics/kinetic_energy.py)
 * [Lorentz Transformation Four Vector](physics/lorentz_transformation_four_vector.py)
 * [Malus Law](physics/malus_law.py)
 * [Mass Energy Equivalence](physics/mass_energy_equivalence.py)
 * [Mirror Formulae](physics/mirror_formulae.py)
 * [N Body Simulation](physics/n_body_simulation.py)
 * [Newtons Law Of Gravitation](physics/newtons_law_of_gravitation.py)
Expand Down

77 changes: 77 additions & 0 deletions
physics/mass_energy_equivalence.py

View file


Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
"""
Title:
Finding the energy equivalence of mass and mass equivalence of energy
by Einstein's equation.

Description:
Einstein's mass-energy equivalence is a pivotal concept in theoretical physics.
It asserts that energy (E) and mass (m) are directly related by the speed of
light in vacuum (c) squared, as described in the equation E = mc². This means that
mass and energy are interchangeable; a mass increase corresponds to an energy increase,
and vice versa. This principle has profound implications in nuclear reactions,
explaining the release of immense energy from minuscule changes in atomic nuclei.

Equations:
E = mc² and m = E/c², where m is mass, E is Energy, c is speed of light in vacuum.

Reference:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass%E2%80%93energy_equivalence
"""

from scipy.constants import c # speed of light in vacuum (299792458 m/s)


def energy_from_mass(mass: float) -> float:
 """
 Calculates the Energy equivalence of the Mass using E = mc²
 in SI units J from Mass in kg.

 mass (float): Mass of body.

 Usage example:
 >>> energy_from_mass(124.56)
 1.11948945063458e+19
 >>> energy_from_mass(320)
 2.8760165719578165e+19
 >>> energy_from_mass(0)
 0.0
 >>> energy_from_mass(-967.9)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: Mass can't be negative.

 """
 if mass < 0:
 raise ValueError("Mass can't be negative.")
 return mass * c**2


def mass_from_energy(energy: float) -> float:
 """
 Calculates the Mass equivalence of the Energy using m = E/c²
 in SI units kg from Energy in J.

 energy (float): Mass of body.

 Usage example:
 >>> mass_from_energy(124.56)
 1.3859169098203872e-15
 >>> mass_from_energy(320)
 3.560480179371579e-15
 >>> mass_from_energy(0)
 0.0
 >>> mass_from_energy(-967.9)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: Energy can't be negative.

 """
 if energy < 0:
 raise ValueError("Energy can't be negative.")
 return energy / c**2


if __name__ == "__main__":
 import doctest

 doctest.testmod()

, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
// Strip utm_, fbclid, gclid, etc. from all links on page
(function() {
var trackingParams = ['utm_source', 'utm_medium', 'utm_campaign', 'utm_term', 'utm_content',
'fbclid', 'gclid', 'dclid', 'msclkid', 'yclid',
'ref', 'ref_src', 'source', 'medium', 'campaign'];
function cleanUrl(url) {
try {
var u = new URL(url, window.location.origin);
var changed = false;
trackingParams.forEach(function(p) {
if (u.searchParams.has(p)) {
u.searchParams.delete(p);
changed = true;
}
});
return changed ? u.toString() : url;
} catch (e) {
return url;
}
}
function cleanLinks() {
document.querySelectorAll('a[href]').forEach(function(a) {
var clean = cleanUrl(a.href);
if (clean !== a.href) a.href = clean;
});
}
cleanLinks();
var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {
mutations.forEach(function(m) {
m.addedNodes.forEach(function(node) {
if (node.nodeType === 1) {
if (node.tagName === 'A') cleanLinks();
node.querySelectorAll('a[href]').forEach(function(a) {
var clean = cleanUrl(a.href);
if (clean !== a.href) a.href = clean;
});
}
});
});
});
observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });
})();
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Remove Tracking Parameters from Links]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "youtube.com";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + "youtube\\.com" + '
feat: Add mass energy equivalence in physics and doctests by SilverDragonOfR · Pull Request #10202 · TheAlgorithms/Python · GitHub
Skip to content
feat: Add mass energy equivalence in physics and doctests#10202

New issue

Have a question about this project? Sign up for a free GitHub account to open an issue and contact its maintainers and the community.

 Sign up for GitHub

By clicking “Sign up for GitHub”, you agree to our terms of service and
privacy statement. We’ll occasionally send you account related emails.

Already on GitHub?
Sign in
to your account

 Merged

tianyizheng02
merged 9 commits into

from

Oct 23, 2023
 Merged


feat: Add mass energy equivalence in physics and doctests
#10202
Show file tree
Hide file tree
 Changes from all commits
Commits

Show all changes


9 commits


Select commit
Hold shift + click to select a range
6d3b58e

updating DIRECTORY.md

Oct 9, 2023
8e79893

feat: Add mass energy equivalence in physics


SilverDragonOfR Oct 9, 2023
6064787

Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/SilverDragonOfR/Python


SilverDragonOfR Oct 9, 2023
76647fe

updating DIRECTORY.md

Oct 9, 2023
77ac261

Merge branch 'master' into master


SilverDragonOfR Oct 12, 2023
831fe78

updating DIRECTORY.md

Oct 12, 2023
4f5e312

Apply suggestions from code review


tianyizheng02 Oct 23, 2023
bed531e

Update physics/mass_energy_equivalence.py


tianyizheng02 Oct 23, 2023
ce57c90

Update mass_energy_equivalence.py


tianyizheng02 Oct 23, 2023

File filter

Filter by extension
Filter by extension
Conversations

Failed to load comments. 
Loading
Jump to

Jump to file


Failed to load files. 
Loading
 Diff view

 Diff view


5 changes: 5 additions & 0 deletions
DIRECTORY.md

View file


Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@

## Boolean Algebra
 * [And Gate](boolean_algebra/and_gate.py)
 * [Imply Gate](boolean_algebra/imply_gate.py)
 * [Nand Gate](boolean_algebra/nand_gate.py)
 * [Nor Gate](boolean_algebra/nor_gate.py)
 * [Not Gate](boolean_algebra/not_gate.py)
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -174,7 +175,9 @@
## Data Structures
 * Arrays
 * [Equilibrium Index In Array](data_structures/arrays/equilibrium_index_in_array.py)
 * [Find Triplets With 0 Sum](data_structures/arrays/find_triplets_with_0_sum.py)
 * [Median Two Array](data_structures/arrays/median_two_array.py)
 * [Pairs With Given Sum](data_structures/arrays/pairs_with_given_sum.py)
 * [Permutations](data_structures/arrays/permutations.py)
 * [Prefix Sum](data_structures/arrays/prefix_sum.py)
 * [Product Sum](data_structures/arrays/product_sum.py)
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -385,6 +388,7 @@

## Financial
 * [Equated Monthly Installments](financial/equated_monthly_installments.py)
 * [Exponential Moving Average](financial/exponential_moving_average.py)
 * [Interest](financial/interest.py)
 * [Present Value](financial/present_value.py)
 * [Price Plus Tax](financial/price_plus_tax.py)
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -793,6 +797,7 @@
 * [Kinetic Energy](physics/kinetic_energy.py)
 * [Lorentz Transformation Four Vector](physics/lorentz_transformation_four_vector.py)
 * [Malus Law](physics/malus_law.py)
 * [Mass Energy Equivalence](physics/mass_energy_equivalence.py)
 * [Mirror Formulae](physics/mirror_formulae.py)
 * [N Body Simulation](physics/n_body_simulation.py)
 * [Newtons Law Of Gravitation](physics/newtons_law_of_gravitation.py)
Expand Down

77 changes: 77 additions & 0 deletions
physics/mass_energy_equivalence.py

View file


Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
"""
Title:
Finding the energy equivalence of mass and mass equivalence of energy
by Einstein's equation.

Description:
Einstein's mass-energy equivalence is a pivotal concept in theoretical physics.
It asserts that energy (E) and mass (m) are directly related by the speed of
light in vacuum (c) squared, as described in the equation E = mc². This means that
mass and energy are interchangeable; a mass increase corresponds to an energy increase,
and vice versa. This principle has profound implications in nuclear reactions,
explaining the release of immense energy from minuscule changes in atomic nuclei.

Equations:
E = mc² and m = E/c², where m is mass, E is Energy, c is speed of light in vacuum.

Reference:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass%E2%80%93energy_equivalence
"""

from scipy.constants import c # speed of light in vacuum (299792458 m/s)


def energy_from_mass(mass: float) -> float:
 """
 Calculates the Energy equivalence of the Mass using E = mc²
 in SI units J from Mass in kg.

 mass (float): Mass of body.

 Usage example:
 >>> energy_from_mass(124.56)
 1.11948945063458e+19
 >>> energy_from_mass(320)
 2.8760165719578165e+19
 >>> energy_from_mass(0)
 0.0
 >>> energy_from_mass(-967.9)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: Mass can't be negative.

 """
 if mass < 0:
 raise ValueError("Mass can't be negative.")
 return mass * c**2


def mass_from_energy(energy: float) -> float:
 """
 Calculates the Mass equivalence of the Energy using m = E/c²
 in SI units kg from Energy in J.

 energy (float): Mass of body.

 Usage example:
 >>> mass_from_energy(124.56)
 1.3859169098203872e-15
 >>> mass_from_energy(320)
 3.560480179371579e-15
 >>> mass_from_energy(0)
 0.0
 >>> mass_from_energy(-967.9)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: Energy can't be negative.

 """
 if energy < 0:
 raise ValueError("Energy can't be negative.")
 return energy / c**2


if __name__ == "__main__":
 import doctest

 doctest.testmod()

, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
// Auto-enable theater mode on YouTube
(function() {
function tryTheater() {
var btn = document.querySelector('button[aria-label="Theater mode"], ytd-player #player button[title="Theater mode"]');
if (btn && !btn.classList.contains('activated')) {
btn.click();
}
}
// Try immediately
tryTheater();
// Try after navigation (SPA)
var lastUrl = location.href;
setInterval(function() {
if (location.href !== lastUrl) {
lastUrl = location.href;
setTimeout(tryTheater, 500);
}
}, 1000);
// Also try on player load
var observer = new MutationObserver(tryTheater);
observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });
})();
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:YouTube Theater Mode Default]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "*";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '
feat: Add mass energy equivalence in physics and doctests by SilverDragonOfR · Pull Request #10202 · TheAlgorithms/Python · GitHub
Skip to content
feat: Add mass energy equivalence in physics and doctests#10202

New issue

Have a question about this project? Sign up for a free GitHub account to open an issue and contact its maintainers and the community.

 Sign up for GitHub

By clicking “Sign up for GitHub”, you agree to our terms of service and
privacy statement. We’ll occasionally send you account related emails.

Already on GitHub?
Sign in
to your account

 Merged

tianyizheng02
merged 9 commits into

from

Oct 23, 2023
 Merged


feat: Add mass energy equivalence in physics and doctests
#10202
Show file tree
Hide file tree
 Changes from all commits
Commits

Show all changes


9 commits


Select commit
Hold shift + click to select a range
6d3b58e

updating DIRECTORY.md

Oct 9, 2023
8e79893

feat: Add mass energy equivalence in physics


SilverDragonOfR Oct 9, 2023
6064787

Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/SilverDragonOfR/Python


SilverDragonOfR Oct 9, 2023
76647fe

updating DIRECTORY.md

Oct 9, 2023
77ac261

Merge branch 'master' into master


SilverDragonOfR Oct 12, 2023
831fe78

updating DIRECTORY.md

Oct 12, 2023
4f5e312

Apply suggestions from code review


tianyizheng02 Oct 23, 2023
bed531e

Update physics/mass_energy_equivalence.py


tianyizheng02 Oct 23, 2023
ce57c90

Update mass_energy_equivalence.py


tianyizheng02 Oct 23, 2023

File filter

Filter by extension
Filter by extension
Conversations

Failed to load comments. 
Loading
Jump to

Jump to file


Failed to load files. 
Loading
 Diff view

 Diff view


5 changes: 5 additions & 0 deletions
DIRECTORY.md

View file


Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@

## Boolean Algebra
 * [And Gate](boolean_algebra/and_gate.py)
 * [Imply Gate](boolean_algebra/imply_gate.py)
 * [Nand Gate](boolean_algebra/nand_gate.py)
 * [Nor Gate](boolean_algebra/nor_gate.py)
 * [Not Gate](boolean_algebra/not_gate.py)
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -174,7 +175,9 @@
## Data Structures
 * Arrays
 * [Equilibrium Index In Array](data_structures/arrays/equilibrium_index_in_array.py)
 * [Find Triplets With 0 Sum](data_structures/arrays/find_triplets_with_0_sum.py)
 * [Median Two Array](data_structures/arrays/median_two_array.py)
 * [Pairs With Given Sum](data_structures/arrays/pairs_with_given_sum.py)
 * [Permutations](data_structures/arrays/permutations.py)
 * [Prefix Sum](data_structures/arrays/prefix_sum.py)
 * [Product Sum](data_structures/arrays/product_sum.py)
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -385,6 +388,7 @@

## Financial
 * [Equated Monthly Installments](financial/equated_monthly_installments.py)
 * [Exponential Moving Average](financial/exponential_moving_average.py)
 * [Interest](financial/interest.py)
 * [Present Value](financial/present_value.py)
 * [Price Plus Tax](financial/price_plus_tax.py)
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -793,6 +797,7 @@
 * [Kinetic Energy](physics/kinetic_energy.py)
 * [Lorentz Transformation Four Vector](physics/lorentz_transformation_four_vector.py)
 * [Malus Law](physics/malus_law.py)
 * [Mass Energy Equivalence](physics/mass_energy_equivalence.py)
 * [Mirror Formulae](physics/mirror_formulae.py)
 * [N Body Simulation](physics/n_body_simulation.py)
 * [Newtons Law Of Gravitation](physics/newtons_law_of_gravitation.py)
Expand Down

77 changes: 77 additions & 0 deletions
physics/mass_energy_equivalence.py

View file


Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
"""
Title:
Finding the energy equivalence of mass and mass equivalence of energy
by Einstein's equation.

Description:
Einstein's mass-energy equivalence is a pivotal concept in theoretical physics.
It asserts that energy (E) and mass (m) are directly related by the speed of
light in vacuum (c) squared, as described in the equation E = mc². This means that
mass and energy are interchangeable; a mass increase corresponds to an energy increase,
and vice versa. This principle has profound implications in nuclear reactions,
explaining the release of immense energy from minuscule changes in atomic nuclei.

Equations:
E = mc² and m = E/c², where m is mass, E is Energy, c is speed of light in vacuum.

Reference:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass%E2%80%93energy_equivalence
"""

from scipy.constants import c # speed of light in vacuum (299792458 m/s)


def energy_from_mass(mass: float) -> float:
 """
 Calculates the Energy equivalence of the Mass using E = mc²
 in SI units J from Mass in kg.

 mass (float): Mass of body.

 Usage example:
 >>> energy_from_mass(124.56)
 1.11948945063458e+19
 >>> energy_from_mass(320)
 2.8760165719578165e+19
 >>> energy_from_mass(0)
 0.0
 >>> energy_from_mass(-967.9)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: Mass can't be negative.

 """
 if mass < 0:
 raise ValueError("Mass can't be negative.")
 return mass * c**2


def mass_from_energy(energy: float) -> float:
 """
 Calculates the Mass equivalence of the Energy using m = E/c²
 in SI units kg from Energy in J.

 energy (float): Mass of body.

 Usage example:
 >>> mass_from_energy(124.56)
 1.3859169098203872e-15
 >>> mass_from_energy(320)
 3.560480179371579e-15
 >>> mass_from_energy(0)
 0.0
 >>> mass_from_energy(-967.9)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: Energy can't be negative.

 """
 if energy < 0:
 raise ValueError("Energy can't be negative.")
 return energy / c**2


if __name__ == "__main__":
 import doctest

 doctest.testmod()

, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
// Remove or un-stick sticky/fixed headers that block content
(function() {
function unstick() {
document.querySelectorAll('header, nav, [role="banner"], .header, .navbar, .sticky, .fixed-top, [style*="position: fixed"], [style*="position:sticky"]').forEach(function(el) {
if (el.style.position === 'fixed' || el.style.position === 'sticky' || getComputedStyle(el).position === 'fixed' || getComputedStyle(el).position === 'sticky') {
el.style.position = 'static';
el.style.top = 'auto';
el.style.zIndex = 'auto';
}
});
}
unstick();
var observer = new MutationObserver(unstick);
observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true, attributes: true, attributeFilter: ['style', 'class'] });
})();
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Kill Sticky Headers]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "*";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '
feat: Add mass energy equivalence in physics and doctests by SilverDragonOfR · Pull Request #10202 · TheAlgorithms/Python · GitHub
Skip to content
feat: Add mass energy equivalence in physics and doctests#10202

New issue

Have a question about this project? Sign up for a free GitHub account to open an issue and contact its maintainers and the community.

 Sign up for GitHub

By clicking “Sign up for GitHub”, you agree to our terms of service and
privacy statement. We’ll occasionally send you account related emails.

Already on GitHub?
Sign in
to your account

 Merged

tianyizheng02
merged 9 commits into

from

Oct 23, 2023
 Merged


feat: Add mass energy equivalence in physics and doctests
#10202
Show file tree
Hide file tree
 Changes from all commits
Commits

Show all changes


9 commits


Select commit
Hold shift + click to select a range
6d3b58e

updating DIRECTORY.md

Oct 9, 2023
8e79893

feat: Add mass energy equivalence in physics


SilverDragonOfR Oct 9, 2023
6064787

Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/SilverDragonOfR/Python


SilverDragonOfR Oct 9, 2023
76647fe

updating DIRECTORY.md

Oct 9, 2023
77ac261

Merge branch 'master' into master


SilverDragonOfR Oct 12, 2023
831fe78

updating DIRECTORY.md

Oct 12, 2023
4f5e312

Apply suggestions from code review


tianyizheng02 Oct 23, 2023
bed531e

Update physics/mass_energy_equivalence.py


tianyizheng02 Oct 23, 2023
ce57c90

Update mass_energy_equivalence.py


tianyizheng02 Oct 23, 2023

File filter

Filter by extension
Filter by extension
Conversations

Failed to load comments. 
Loading
Jump to

Jump to file


Failed to load files. 
Loading
 Diff view

 Diff view


5 changes: 5 additions & 0 deletions
DIRECTORY.md

View file


Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@

## Boolean Algebra
 * [And Gate](boolean_algebra/and_gate.py)
 * [Imply Gate](boolean_algebra/imply_gate.py)
 * [Nand Gate](boolean_algebra/nand_gate.py)
 * [Nor Gate](boolean_algebra/nor_gate.py)
 * [Not Gate](boolean_algebra/not_gate.py)
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -174,7 +175,9 @@
## Data Structures
 * Arrays
 * [Equilibrium Index In Array](data_structures/arrays/equilibrium_index_in_array.py)
 * [Find Triplets With 0 Sum](data_structures/arrays/find_triplets_with_0_sum.py)
 * [Median Two Array](data_structures/arrays/median_two_array.py)
 * [Pairs With Given Sum](data_structures/arrays/pairs_with_given_sum.py)
 * [Permutations](data_structures/arrays/permutations.py)
 * [Prefix Sum](data_structures/arrays/prefix_sum.py)
 * [Product Sum](data_structures/arrays/product_sum.py)
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -385,6 +388,7 @@

## Financial
 * [Equated Monthly Installments](financial/equated_monthly_installments.py)
 * [Exponential Moving Average](financial/exponential_moving_average.py)
 * [Interest](financial/interest.py)
 * [Present Value](financial/present_value.py)
 * [Price Plus Tax](financial/price_plus_tax.py)
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -793,6 +797,7 @@
 * [Kinetic Energy](physics/kinetic_energy.py)
 * [Lorentz Transformation Four Vector](physics/lorentz_transformation_four_vector.py)
 * [Malus Law](physics/malus_law.py)
 * [Mass Energy Equivalence](physics/mass_energy_equivalence.py)
 * [Mirror Formulae](physics/mirror_formulae.py)
 * [N Body Simulation](physics/n_body_simulation.py)
 * [Newtons Law Of Gravitation](physics/newtons_law_of_gravitation.py)
Expand Down

77 changes: 77 additions & 0 deletions
physics/mass_energy_equivalence.py

View file


Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
"""
Title:
Finding the energy equivalence of mass and mass equivalence of energy
by Einstein's equation.

Description:
Einstein's mass-energy equivalence is a pivotal concept in theoretical physics.
It asserts that energy (E) and mass (m) are directly related by the speed of
light in vacuum (c) squared, as described in the equation E = mc². This means that
mass and energy are interchangeable; a mass increase corresponds to an energy increase,
and vice versa. This principle has profound implications in nuclear reactions,
explaining the release of immense energy from minuscule changes in atomic nuclei.

Equations:
E = mc² and m = E/c², where m is mass, E is Energy, c is speed of light in vacuum.

Reference:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass%E2%80%93energy_equivalence
"""

from scipy.constants import c # speed of light in vacuum (299792458 m/s)


def energy_from_mass(mass: float) -> float:
 """
 Calculates the Energy equivalence of the Mass using E = mc²
 in SI units J from Mass in kg.

 mass (float): Mass of body.

 Usage example:
 >>> energy_from_mass(124.56)
 1.11948945063458e+19
 >>> energy_from_mass(320)
 2.8760165719578165e+19
 >>> energy_from_mass(0)
 0.0
 >>> energy_from_mass(-967.9)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: Mass can't be negative.

 """
 if mass < 0:
 raise ValueError("Mass can't be negative.")
 return mass * c**2


def mass_from_energy(energy: float) -> float:
 """
 Calculates the Mass equivalence of the Energy using m = E/c²
 in SI units kg from Energy in J.

 energy (float): Mass of body.

 Usage example:
 >>> mass_from_energy(124.56)
 1.3859169098203872e-15
 >>> mass_from_energy(320)
 3.560480179371579e-15
 >>> mass_from_energy(0)
 0.0
 >>> mass_from_energy(-967.9)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: Energy can't be negative.

 """
 if energy < 0:
 raise ValueError("Energy can't be negative.")
 return energy / c**2


if __name__ == "__main__":
 import doctest

 doctest.testmod()

, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
// Universal Dark Mode - works on any site
(function() {
var enabled = true;
function applyDarkMode() {
if (!enabled) return;
// Create style element if it doesn't exist
var style = document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style');
if (!style) {
style = document.createElement('style');
style.id = 'universal-dark-mode-style';
document.head.appendChild(style);
}
// Dark mode CSS - inverts colors but preserves images/video
style.textContent = '
/* Invert everything except media */
html {
filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important;
background: #1a1a2e !important;
}
/* Restore images, videos, iframes, canvas */
img, video, iframe, canvas, svg, picture, [style*="background-image"] {
filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important;
}
/* Preserve specific elements that should not be inverted */
.no-dark-mode, .no-dark-mode *,
[data-theme="light"], [data-theme="light"],
.ace_editor, .ace_editor *,
.CodeMirror, .CodeMirror *,
.monaco-editor, .monaco-editor *,
.markdown-body pre, .markdown-body pre *,
.highlight, .highlight *,
pre code, pre code * {
filter: none !important;
}
/* Fix common UI elements */
.modal, .popup, .dropdown-menu, .tooltip, .popover {
filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important;
background: #2d2d44 !important;
border-color: #444 !important;
}
/* Scrollbars */
::-webkit-scrollbar { background: #1a1a2e !important; }
::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background: #444 !important; }
::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover { background: #555 !important; }
/* Selection */
::selection { background: #4ecdc4 !important; color: #1a1a2e !important; }
::-moz-selection { background: #4ecdc4 !important; color: #1a1a2e !important; }
';
}
function removeDarkMode() {
var style = document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style');
if (style) style.remove();
}
// Toggle with Alt+Shift+D
document.addEventListener('keydown', function(e) {
if (e.altKey && e.shiftKey && e.key === 'D') {
e.preventDefault();
enabled = !enabled;
if (enabled) {
applyDarkMode();
console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Enabled');
} else {
removeDarkMode();
console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Disabled');
}
}
});
// Apply on load
applyDarkMode();
// Re-apply on dynamic content
var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {
if (enabled && !document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style')) {
applyDarkMode();
}
});
observer.observe(document.head, { childList: true });
console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Loaded - Press Alt+Shift+D to toggle');
})();
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Universal Dark Mode]', __e); }
})();
})();
feat: Add mass energy equivalence in physics and doctests by SilverDragonOfR · Pull Request #10202 · TheAlgorithms/Python · GitHub
Skip to content
feat: Add mass energy equivalence in physics and doctests#10202

New issue

Have a question about this project? Sign up for a free GitHub account to open an issue and contact its maintainers and the community.

 Sign up for GitHub

By clicking “Sign up for GitHub”, you agree to our terms of service and
privacy statement. We’ll occasionally send you account related emails.

Already on GitHub?
Sign in
to your account

 Merged

tianyizheng02
merged 9 commits into

from

Oct 23, 2023
 Merged


feat: Add mass energy equivalence in physics and doctests
#10202
Show file tree
Hide file tree
 Changes from all commits
Commits

Show all changes


9 commits


Select commit
Hold shift + click to select a range
6d3b58e

updating DIRECTORY.md

Oct 9, 2023
8e79893

feat: Add mass energy equivalence in physics


SilverDragonOfR Oct 9, 2023
6064787

Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/SilverDragonOfR/Python


SilverDragonOfR Oct 9, 2023
76647fe

updating DIRECTORY.md

Oct 9, 2023
77ac261

Merge branch 'master' into master


SilverDragonOfR Oct 12, 2023
831fe78

updating DIRECTORY.md

Oct 12, 2023
4f5e312

Apply suggestions from code review


tianyizheng02 Oct 23, 2023
bed531e

Update physics/mass_energy_equivalence.py


tianyizheng02 Oct 23, 2023
ce57c90

Update mass_energy_equivalence.py


tianyizheng02 Oct 23, 2023

File filter

Filter by extension
Filter by extension
Conversations

Failed to load comments. 
Loading
Jump to

Jump to file


Failed to load files. 
Loading
 Diff view

 Diff view


5 changes: 5 additions & 0 deletions
DIRECTORY.md

View file


Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@

## Boolean Algebra
 * [And Gate](boolean_algebra/and_gate.py)
 * [Imply Gate](boolean_algebra/imply_gate.py)
 * [Nand Gate](boolean_algebra/nand_gate.py)
 * [Nor Gate](boolean_algebra/nor_gate.py)
 * [Not Gate](boolean_algebra/not_gate.py)
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -174,7 +175,9 @@
## Data Structures
 * Arrays
 * [Equilibrium Index In Array](data_structures/arrays/equilibrium_index_in_array.py)
 * [Find Triplets With 0 Sum](data_structures/arrays/find_triplets_with_0_sum.py)
 * [Median Two Array](data_structures/arrays/median_two_array.py)
 * [Pairs With Given Sum](data_structures/arrays/pairs_with_given_sum.py)
 * [Permutations](data_structures/arrays/permutations.py)
 * [Prefix Sum](data_structures/arrays/prefix_sum.py)
 * [Product Sum](data_structures/arrays/product_sum.py)
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -385,6 +388,7 @@

## Financial
 * [Equated Monthly Installments](financial/equated_monthly_installments.py)
 * [Exponential Moving Average](financial/exponential_moving_average.py)
 * [Interest](financial/interest.py)
 * [Present Value](financial/present_value.py)
 * [Price Plus Tax](financial/price_plus_tax.py)
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -793,6 +797,7 @@
 * [Kinetic Energy](physics/kinetic_energy.py)
 * [Lorentz Transformation Four Vector](physics/lorentz_transformation_four_vector.py)
 * [Malus Law](physics/malus_law.py)
 * [Mass Energy Equivalence](physics/mass_energy_equivalence.py)
 * [Mirror Formulae](physics/mirror_formulae.py)
 * [N Body Simulation](physics/n_body_simulation.py)
 * [Newtons Law Of Gravitation](physics/newtons_law_of_gravitation.py)
Expand Down

77 changes: 77 additions & 0 deletions
physics/mass_energy_equivalence.py

View file


Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
"""
Title:
Finding the energy equivalence of mass and mass equivalence of energy
by Einstein's equation.

Description:
Einstein's mass-energy equivalence is a pivotal concept in theoretical physics.
It asserts that energy (E) and mass (m) are directly related by the speed of
light in vacuum (c) squared, as described in the equation E = mc². This means that
mass and energy are interchangeable; a mass increase corresponds to an energy increase,
and vice versa. This principle has profound implications in nuclear reactions,
explaining the release of immense energy from minuscule changes in atomic nuclei.

Equations:
E = mc² and m = E/c², where m is mass, E is Energy, c is speed of light in vacuum.

Reference:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass%E2%80%93energy_equivalence
"""

from scipy.constants import c # speed of light in vacuum (299792458 m/s)


def energy_from_mass(mass: float) -> float:
 """
 Calculates the Energy equivalence of the Mass using E = mc²
 in SI units J from Mass in kg.

 mass (float): Mass of body.

 Usage example:
 >>> energy_from_mass(124.56)
 1.11948945063458e+19
 >>> energy_from_mass(320)
 2.8760165719578165e+19
 >>> energy_from_mass(0)
 0.0
 >>> energy_from_mass(-967.9)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: Mass can't be negative.

 """
 if mass < 0:
 raise ValueError("Mass can't be negative.")
 return mass * c**2


def mass_from_energy(energy: float) -> float:
 """
 Calculates the Mass equivalence of the Energy using m = E/c²
 in SI units kg from Energy in J.

 energy (float): Mass of body.

 Usage example:
 >>> mass_from_energy(124.56)
 1.3859169098203872e-15
 >>> mass_from_energy(320)
 3.560480179371579e-15
 >>> mass_from_energy(0)
 0.0
 >>> mass_from_energy(-967.9)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: Energy can't be negative.

 """
 if energy < 0:
 raise ValueError("Energy can't be negative.")
 return energy / c**2


if __name__ == "__main__":
 import doctest

 doctest.testmod()