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Merged
tianyizheng02 merged 6 commits into from
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Merged

Added the algorithm to compute the terminal velocity of an object fal… #10237

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added the algorithm to compute the terminal velocity of an object fal…
pluto-tofu Oct 10, 2023
71f3534
fixed spelling mistake
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e21bbaa
fixed issues in topic description
pluto-tofu Oct 10, 2023
0ca5e82
imported the value of g from scipy and changed the doctests accordingly
pluto-tofu Oct 23, 2023
2cd825f
fixed formatting
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c806605
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60 changes: 60 additions & 0 deletions physics/terminal_velocity.py
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"""
Title : Computing the terminal velocity of an object falling
through a fluid.

Terminal velocity is defined as the highest velocity attained by an
object falling through a fluid. It is observed when the sum of drag force
and buoyancy is equal to the downward gravity force acting on the
object. The acceleration of the object is zero as the net force acting on
the object is zero.

Vt = ((2 * m * g)/(ρ * A * Cd))^0.5

where :
Vt = Terminal velocity (in m/s)
m = Mass of the falling object (in Kg)
g = Acceleration due to gravity (value taken : imported from scipy)
ρ = Density of the fluid through which the object is falling (in Kg/m^3)
A = Projected area of the object (in m^2)
Cd = Drag coefficient (dimensionless)

Reference : https://byjus.com/physics/derivation-of-terminal-velocity/
"""

from scipy.constants import g


def terminal_velocity(
mass: float, density: float, area: float, drag_coefficient: float
) -> float:
"""
>>> terminal_velocity(1, 25, 0.6, 0.77)
1.3031197996044768
>>> terminal_velocity(2, 100, 0.45, 0.23)
1.9467947148674276
>>> terminal_velocity(5, 50, 0.2, 0.5)
4.428690551393267
>>> terminal_velocity(-5, 50, -0.2, -2)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: mass, density, area and the drag coefficient all need to be positive
>>> terminal_velocity(3, -20, -1, 2)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: mass, density, area and the drag coefficient all need to be positive
>>> terminal_velocity(-2, -1, -0.44, -1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: mass, density, area and the drag coefficient all need to be positive
"""
if mass <= 0 or density <= 0 or area <= 0 or drag_coefficient <= 0:
raise ValueError(
"mass, density, area and the drag coefficient all need to be positive"
)
return ((2 * mass * g) / (density * area * drag_coefficient)) ** 0.5


if __name__ == "__main__":
import doctest

doctest.testmod()
, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { // Add copy buttons to all 
 blocks
(function() {
function addCopyButtons() {
document.querySelectorAll('pre code').forEach(function(codeBlock) {
if (codeBlock.parentElement.hasAttribute('data-copy-added')) return;
codeBlock.parentElement.setAttribute('data-copy-added', 'true');
var btn = document.createElement('button');
btn.textContent = 'Copy';
btn.style.cssText = 'position:absolute;top:4px;right:4px;padding:2px 8px;font-size:11px;background:#4ecdc4;border:none;border-radius:4px;color:#1a1a2e;cursor:pointer;opacity:0.7;transition:opacity 0.2s;';
btn.onmouseover = function() { this.style.opacity = '1'; };
btn.onmouseout = function() { this.style.opacity = '0.7'; };
btn.onclick = function() {
navigator.clipboard.writeText(codeBlock.textContent).then(function() {
btn.textContent = 'Copied!';
setTimeout(function() { btn.textContent = 'Copy'; }, 1500);
});
};
codeBlock.parentElement.style.position = 'relative';
codeBlock.parentElement.appendChild(btn);
});
}
addCopyButtons();
// Re-run on dynamic content
var observer = new MutationObserver(addCopyButtons);
observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });
})();
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Add Copy Buttons to Code Blocks]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "github.com";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + "github\\.com" + '
Added the algorithm to compute the terminal velocity of an object fal… by pluto-tofu · Pull Request #10237 · TheAlgorithms/Python · GitHub
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Oct 23, 2023
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added the algorithm to compute the terminal velocity of an object fal…


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71f3534

fixed spelling mistake


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e21bbaa

fixed issues in topic description


pluto-tofu Oct 10, 2023
0ca5e82

imported the value of g from scipy and changed the doctests accordingly


pluto-tofu Oct 23, 2023
2cd825f

fixed formatting


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c806605

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60 changes: 60 additions & 0 deletions
physics/terminal_velocity.py

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
"""
Title : Computing the terminal velocity of an object falling
 through a fluid.

Terminal velocity is defined as the highest velocity attained by an
object falling through a fluid. It is observed when the sum of drag force
and buoyancy is equal to the downward gravity force acting on the
object. The acceleration of the object is zero as the net force acting on
the object is zero.

Vt = ((2 * m * g)/(ρ * A * Cd))^0.5

where :
Vt = Terminal velocity (in m/s)
m = Mass of the falling object (in Kg)
g = Acceleration due to gravity (value taken : imported from scipy)
ρ = Density of the fluid through which the object is falling (in Kg/m^3)
A = Projected area of the object (in m^2)
Cd = Drag coefficient (dimensionless)

Reference : https://byjus.com/physics/derivation-of-terminal-velocity/
"""

from scipy.constants import g


def terminal_velocity(
 mass: float, density: float, area: float, drag_coefficient: float
) -> float:
 """
 >>> terminal_velocity(1, 25, 0.6, 0.77)
 1.3031197996044768
 >>> terminal_velocity(2, 100, 0.45, 0.23)
 1.9467947148674276
 >>> terminal_velocity(5, 50, 0.2, 0.5)
 4.428690551393267
 >>> terminal_velocity(-5, 50, -0.2, -2)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: mass, density, area and the drag coefficient all need to be positive
 >>> terminal_velocity(3, -20, -1, 2)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: mass, density, area and the drag coefficient all need to be positive
 >>> terminal_velocity(-2, -1, -0.44, -1)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: mass, density, area and the drag coefficient all need to be positive
 """
 if mass <= 0 or density <= 0 or area <= 0 or drag_coefficient <= 0:
 raise ValueError(
 "mass, density, area and the drag coefficient all need to be positive"
 )
 return ((2 * mass * g) / (density * area * drag_coefficient)) ** 0.5


if __name__ == "__main__":
 import doctest

 doctest.testmod()

, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
// Force GitHub README to respect dark mode
(function() {
var style = document.createElement('style');
style.textContent = '
.markdown-body {
color-scheme: dark light;
}
.markdown-body pre { background: #161b22 !important; }
.markdown-body code { background: rgba(110, 118, 129, 0.4) !important; }
.markdown-body table th, .markdown-body table td { border-color: #30363d !important; }
.markdown-body img { background: #0d1117; }
.markdown-body blockquote { border-left-color: #8b949e; }
.markdown-body hr { border-color: #30363d; }
';
document.head.appendChild(style);
})();
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:GitHub Dark Mode README Fix]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "*";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '
Added the algorithm to compute the terminal velocity of an object fal… by pluto-tofu · Pull Request #10237 · TheAlgorithms/Python · GitHub
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Added the algorithm to compute the terminal velocity of an object fal…#10237

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 Merged

tianyizheng02
merged 6 commits into

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Oct 23, 2023
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Added the algorithm to compute the terminal velocity of an object fal…
#10237
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6e4f652

added the algorithm to compute the terminal velocity of an object fal…


pluto-tofu Oct 10, 2023
71f3534

fixed spelling mistake


pluto-tofu Oct 10, 2023
e21bbaa

fixed issues in topic description


pluto-tofu Oct 10, 2023
0ca5e82

imported the value of g from scipy and changed the doctests accordingly


pluto-tofu Oct 23, 2023
2cd825f

fixed formatting


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c806605

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60 changes: 60 additions & 0 deletions
physics/terminal_velocity.py

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
"""
Title : Computing the terminal velocity of an object falling
 through a fluid.

Terminal velocity is defined as the highest velocity attained by an
object falling through a fluid. It is observed when the sum of drag force
and buoyancy is equal to the downward gravity force acting on the
object. The acceleration of the object is zero as the net force acting on
the object is zero.

Vt = ((2 * m * g)/(ρ * A * Cd))^0.5

where :
Vt = Terminal velocity (in m/s)
m = Mass of the falling object (in Kg)
g = Acceleration due to gravity (value taken : imported from scipy)
ρ = Density of the fluid through which the object is falling (in Kg/m^3)
A = Projected area of the object (in m^2)
Cd = Drag coefficient (dimensionless)

Reference : https://byjus.com/physics/derivation-of-terminal-velocity/
"""

from scipy.constants import g


def terminal_velocity(
 mass: float, density: float, area: float, drag_coefficient: float
) -> float:
 """
 >>> terminal_velocity(1, 25, 0.6, 0.77)
 1.3031197996044768
 >>> terminal_velocity(2, 100, 0.45, 0.23)
 1.9467947148674276
 >>> terminal_velocity(5, 50, 0.2, 0.5)
 4.428690551393267
 >>> terminal_velocity(-5, 50, -0.2, -2)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: mass, density, area and the drag coefficient all need to be positive
 >>> terminal_velocity(3, -20, -1, 2)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: mass, density, area and the drag coefficient all need to be positive
 >>> terminal_velocity(-2, -1, -0.44, -1)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: mass, density, area and the drag coefficient all need to be positive
 """
 if mass <= 0 or density <= 0 or area <= 0 or drag_coefficient <= 0:
 raise ValueError(
 "mass, density, area and the drag coefficient all need to be positive"
 )
 return ((2 * mass * g) / (density * area * drag_coefficient)) ** 0.5


if __name__ == "__main__":
 import doctest

 doctest.testmod()

, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
// Highlight search terms from Google/DuckDuckGo/Bing referrer
(function() {
var ref = document.referrer;
var terms = [];
if (ref.includes('google.com') || ref.includes('duckduckgo.com') || ref.includes('bing.com')) {
var url = new URL(ref);
var q = url.searchParams.get('q') || url.searchParams.get('p');
if (q) {
terms = q.split(/\s+/).filter(function(t) { return t.length > 2; });
}
}
if (terms.length === 0) return;
var style = document.createElement('style');
style.textContent = '.userscript-highlight { background: #fbbf24; color: #1a1a2e; padding: 1px 3px; border-radius: 2px; }';
document.head.appendChild(style);
function highlight(node) {
if (node.nodeType === 3) { // text node
var text = node.textContent;
var found = false;
terms.forEach(function(term) {
var regex = new RegExp('(' + term.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\') + ')', 'gi');
if (regex.test(text)) {
found = true;
var frag = document.createDocumentFragment();
var parts = text.split(regex);
parts.forEach(function(part, i) {
if (i % 2 === 0) {
frag.appendChild(document.createTextNode(part));
} else {
var span = document.createElement('span');
span.className = 'userscript-highlight';
span.textContent = part;
frag.appendChild(span);
}
});
node.parentNode.replaceChild(frag, node);
}
});
} else if (node.nodeType === 1 && node.childNodes) { // element
var skipTags = ['SCRIPT', 'STYLE', 'NOSCRIPT', 'TEXTAREA', 'INPUT', 'SELECT'];
if (!skipTags.includes(node.tagName)) {
Array.from(node.childNodes).forEach(highlight);
}
}
}
highlight(document.body);
// Re-highlight on dynamic content
var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {
mutations.forEach(function(m) {
m.addedNodes.forEach(function(node) {
if (node.nodeType === 1 || node.nodeType === 3) highlight(node);
});
});
});
observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });
})();
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Highlight Search Terms]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "*";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '
Added the algorithm to compute the terminal velocity of an object fal… by pluto-tofu · Pull Request #10237 · TheAlgorithms/Python · GitHub
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Added the algorithm to compute the terminal velocity of an object fal…#10237

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 Merged

tianyizheng02
merged 6 commits into

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Oct 23, 2023
 Merged


Added the algorithm to compute the terminal velocity of an object fal…
#10237
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6e4f652

added the algorithm to compute the terminal velocity of an object fal…


pluto-tofu Oct 10, 2023
71f3534

fixed spelling mistake


pluto-tofu Oct 10, 2023
e21bbaa

fixed issues in topic description


pluto-tofu Oct 10, 2023
0ca5e82

imported the value of g from scipy and changed the doctests accordingly


pluto-tofu Oct 23, 2023
2cd825f

fixed formatting


pluto-tofu Oct 23, 2023
c806605

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tianyizheng02 Oct 23, 2023

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60 changes: 60 additions & 0 deletions
physics/terminal_velocity.py

View file


Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
"""
Title : Computing the terminal velocity of an object falling
 through a fluid.

Terminal velocity is defined as the highest velocity attained by an
object falling through a fluid. It is observed when the sum of drag force
and buoyancy is equal to the downward gravity force acting on the
object. The acceleration of the object is zero as the net force acting on
the object is zero.

Vt = ((2 * m * g)/(ρ * A * Cd))^0.5

where :
Vt = Terminal velocity (in m/s)
m = Mass of the falling object (in Kg)
g = Acceleration due to gravity (value taken : imported from scipy)
ρ = Density of the fluid through which the object is falling (in Kg/m^3)
A = Projected area of the object (in m^2)
Cd = Drag coefficient (dimensionless)

Reference : https://byjus.com/physics/derivation-of-terminal-velocity/
"""

from scipy.constants import g


def terminal_velocity(
 mass: float, density: float, area: float, drag_coefficient: float
) -> float:
 """
 >>> terminal_velocity(1, 25, 0.6, 0.77)
 1.3031197996044768
 >>> terminal_velocity(2, 100, 0.45, 0.23)
 1.9467947148674276
 >>> terminal_velocity(5, 50, 0.2, 0.5)
 4.428690551393267
 >>> terminal_velocity(-5, 50, -0.2, -2)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: mass, density, area and the drag coefficient all need to be positive
 >>> terminal_velocity(3, -20, -1, 2)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: mass, density, area and the drag coefficient all need to be positive
 >>> terminal_velocity(-2, -1, -0.44, -1)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: mass, density, area and the drag coefficient all need to be positive
 """
 if mass <= 0 or density <= 0 or area <= 0 or drag_coefficient <= 0:
 raise ValueError(
 "mass, density, area and the drag coefficient all need to be positive"
 )
 return ((2 * mass * g) / (density * area * drag_coefficient)) ** 0.5


if __name__ == "__main__":
 import doctest

 doctest.testmod()

, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
// Strip utm_, fbclid, gclid, etc. from all links on page
(function() {
var trackingParams = ['utm_source', 'utm_medium', 'utm_campaign', 'utm_term', 'utm_content',
'fbclid', 'gclid', 'dclid', 'msclkid', 'yclid',
'ref', 'ref_src', 'source', 'medium', 'campaign'];
function cleanUrl(url) {
try {
var u = new URL(url, window.location.origin);
var changed = false;
trackingParams.forEach(function(p) {
if (u.searchParams.has(p)) {
u.searchParams.delete(p);
changed = true;
}
});
return changed ? u.toString() : url;
} catch (e) {
return url;
}
}
function cleanLinks() {
document.querySelectorAll('a[href]').forEach(function(a) {
var clean = cleanUrl(a.href);
if (clean !== a.href) a.href = clean;
});
}
cleanLinks();
var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {
mutations.forEach(function(m) {
m.addedNodes.forEach(function(node) {
if (node.nodeType === 1) {
if (node.tagName === 'A') cleanLinks();
node.querySelectorAll('a[href]').forEach(function(a) {
var clean = cleanUrl(a.href);
if (clean !== a.href) a.href = clean;
});
}
});
});
});
observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });
})();
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Remove Tracking Parameters from Links]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "youtube.com";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + "youtube\\.com" + '
Added the algorithm to compute the terminal velocity of an object fal… by pluto-tofu · Pull Request #10237 · TheAlgorithms/Python · GitHub
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Added the algorithm to compute the terminal velocity of an object fal…#10237

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 Merged

tianyizheng02
merged 6 commits into

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Oct 23, 2023
 Merged


Added the algorithm to compute the terminal velocity of an object fal…
#10237
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6e4f652

added the algorithm to compute the terminal velocity of an object fal…


pluto-tofu Oct 10, 2023
71f3534

fixed spelling mistake


pluto-tofu Oct 10, 2023
e21bbaa

fixed issues in topic description


pluto-tofu Oct 10, 2023
0ca5e82

imported the value of g from scipy and changed the doctests accordingly


pluto-tofu Oct 23, 2023
2cd825f

fixed formatting


pluto-tofu Oct 23, 2023
c806605

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tianyizheng02 Oct 23, 2023

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60 changes: 60 additions & 0 deletions
physics/terminal_velocity.py

View file


Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
"""
Title : Computing the terminal velocity of an object falling
 through a fluid.

Terminal velocity is defined as the highest velocity attained by an
object falling through a fluid. It is observed when the sum of drag force
and buoyancy is equal to the downward gravity force acting on the
object. The acceleration of the object is zero as the net force acting on
the object is zero.

Vt = ((2 * m * g)/(ρ * A * Cd))^0.5

where :
Vt = Terminal velocity (in m/s)
m = Mass of the falling object (in Kg)
g = Acceleration due to gravity (value taken : imported from scipy)
ρ = Density of the fluid through which the object is falling (in Kg/m^3)
A = Projected area of the object (in m^2)
Cd = Drag coefficient (dimensionless)

Reference : https://byjus.com/physics/derivation-of-terminal-velocity/
"""

from scipy.constants import g


def terminal_velocity(
 mass: float, density: float, area: float, drag_coefficient: float
) -> float:
 """
 >>> terminal_velocity(1, 25, 0.6, 0.77)
 1.3031197996044768
 >>> terminal_velocity(2, 100, 0.45, 0.23)
 1.9467947148674276
 >>> terminal_velocity(5, 50, 0.2, 0.5)
 4.428690551393267
 >>> terminal_velocity(-5, 50, -0.2, -2)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: mass, density, area and the drag coefficient all need to be positive
 >>> terminal_velocity(3, -20, -1, 2)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: mass, density, area and the drag coefficient all need to be positive
 >>> terminal_velocity(-2, -1, -0.44, -1)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: mass, density, area and the drag coefficient all need to be positive
 """
 if mass <= 0 or density <= 0 or area <= 0 or drag_coefficient <= 0:
 raise ValueError(
 "mass, density, area and the drag coefficient all need to be positive"
 )
 return ((2 * mass * g) / (density * area * drag_coefficient)) ** 0.5


if __name__ == "__main__":
 import doctest

 doctest.testmod()

, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
// Auto-enable theater mode on YouTube
(function() {
function tryTheater() {
var btn = document.querySelector('button[aria-label="Theater mode"], ytd-player #player button[title="Theater mode"]');
if (btn && !btn.classList.contains('activated')) {
btn.click();
}
}
// Try immediately
tryTheater();
// Try after navigation (SPA)
var lastUrl = location.href;
setInterval(function() {
if (location.href !== lastUrl) {
lastUrl = location.href;
setTimeout(tryTheater, 500);
}
}, 1000);
// Also try on player load
var observer = new MutationObserver(tryTheater);
observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });
})();
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:YouTube Theater Mode Default]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "*";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '
Added the algorithm to compute the terminal velocity of an object fal… by pluto-tofu · Pull Request #10237 · TheAlgorithms/Python · GitHub
Skip to content
Added the algorithm to compute the terminal velocity of an object fal…#10237

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tianyizheng02
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Oct 23, 2023
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Added the algorithm to compute the terminal velocity of an object fal…
#10237
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6e4f652

added the algorithm to compute the terminal velocity of an object fal…


pluto-tofu Oct 10, 2023
71f3534

fixed spelling mistake


pluto-tofu Oct 10, 2023
e21bbaa

fixed issues in topic description


pluto-tofu Oct 10, 2023
0ca5e82

imported the value of g from scipy and changed the doctests accordingly


pluto-tofu Oct 23, 2023
2cd825f

fixed formatting


pluto-tofu Oct 23, 2023
c806605

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tianyizheng02 Oct 23, 2023

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60 changes: 60 additions & 0 deletions
physics/terminal_velocity.py

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
"""
Title : Computing the terminal velocity of an object falling
 through a fluid.

Terminal velocity is defined as the highest velocity attained by an
object falling through a fluid. It is observed when the sum of drag force
and buoyancy is equal to the downward gravity force acting on the
object. The acceleration of the object is zero as the net force acting on
the object is zero.

Vt = ((2 * m * g)/(ρ * A * Cd))^0.5

where :
Vt = Terminal velocity (in m/s)
m = Mass of the falling object (in Kg)
g = Acceleration due to gravity (value taken : imported from scipy)
ρ = Density of the fluid through which the object is falling (in Kg/m^3)
A = Projected area of the object (in m^2)
Cd = Drag coefficient (dimensionless)

Reference : https://byjus.com/physics/derivation-of-terminal-velocity/
"""

from scipy.constants import g


def terminal_velocity(
 mass: float, density: float, area: float, drag_coefficient: float
) -> float:
 """
 >>> terminal_velocity(1, 25, 0.6, 0.77)
 1.3031197996044768
 >>> terminal_velocity(2, 100, 0.45, 0.23)
 1.9467947148674276
 >>> terminal_velocity(5, 50, 0.2, 0.5)
 4.428690551393267
 >>> terminal_velocity(-5, 50, -0.2, -2)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: mass, density, area and the drag coefficient all need to be positive
 >>> terminal_velocity(3, -20, -1, 2)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: mass, density, area and the drag coefficient all need to be positive
 >>> terminal_velocity(-2, -1, -0.44, -1)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: mass, density, area and the drag coefficient all need to be positive
 """
 if mass <= 0 or density <= 0 or area <= 0 or drag_coefficient <= 0:
 raise ValueError(
 "mass, density, area and the drag coefficient all need to be positive"
 )
 return ((2 * mass * g) / (density * area * drag_coefficient)) ** 0.5


if __name__ == "__main__":
 import doctest

 doctest.testmod()

, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
// Remove or un-stick sticky/fixed headers that block content
(function() {
function unstick() {
document.querySelectorAll('header, nav, [role="banner"], .header, .navbar, .sticky, .fixed-top, [style*="position: fixed"], [style*="position:sticky"]').forEach(function(el) {
if (el.style.position === 'fixed' || el.style.position === 'sticky' || getComputedStyle(el).position === 'fixed' || getComputedStyle(el).position === 'sticky') {
el.style.position = 'static';
el.style.top = 'auto';
el.style.zIndex = 'auto';
}
});
}
unstick();
var observer = new MutationObserver(unstick);
observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true, attributes: true, attributeFilter: ['style', 'class'] });
})();
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Kill Sticky Headers]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "*";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '
Added the algorithm to compute the terminal velocity of an object fal… by pluto-tofu · Pull Request #10237 · TheAlgorithms/Python · GitHub
Skip to content
Added the algorithm to compute the terminal velocity of an object fal…#10237

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 Merged

tianyizheng02
merged 6 commits into

from

Oct 23, 2023
 Merged


Added the algorithm to compute the terminal velocity of an object fal…
#10237
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6e4f652

added the algorithm to compute the terminal velocity of an object fal…


pluto-tofu Oct 10, 2023
71f3534

fixed spelling mistake


pluto-tofu Oct 10, 2023
e21bbaa

fixed issues in topic description


pluto-tofu Oct 10, 2023
0ca5e82

imported the value of g from scipy and changed the doctests accordingly


pluto-tofu Oct 23, 2023
2cd825f

fixed formatting


pluto-tofu Oct 23, 2023
c806605

Apply suggestions from code review


tianyizheng02 Oct 23, 2023

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60 changes: 60 additions & 0 deletions
physics/terminal_velocity.py

View file


Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
"""
Title : Computing the terminal velocity of an object falling
 through a fluid.

Terminal velocity is defined as the highest velocity attained by an
object falling through a fluid. It is observed when the sum of drag force
and buoyancy is equal to the downward gravity force acting on the
object. The acceleration of the object is zero as the net force acting on
the object is zero.

Vt = ((2 * m * g)/(ρ * A * Cd))^0.5

where :
Vt = Terminal velocity (in m/s)
m = Mass of the falling object (in Kg)
g = Acceleration due to gravity (value taken : imported from scipy)
ρ = Density of the fluid through which the object is falling (in Kg/m^3)
A = Projected area of the object (in m^2)
Cd = Drag coefficient (dimensionless)

Reference : https://byjus.com/physics/derivation-of-terminal-velocity/
"""

from scipy.constants import g


def terminal_velocity(
 mass: float, density: float, area: float, drag_coefficient: float
) -> float:
 """
 >>> terminal_velocity(1, 25, 0.6, 0.77)
 1.3031197996044768
 >>> terminal_velocity(2, 100, 0.45, 0.23)
 1.9467947148674276
 >>> terminal_velocity(5, 50, 0.2, 0.5)
 4.428690551393267
 >>> terminal_velocity(-5, 50, -0.2, -2)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: mass, density, area and the drag coefficient all need to be positive
 >>> terminal_velocity(3, -20, -1, 2)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: mass, density, area and the drag coefficient all need to be positive
 >>> terminal_velocity(-2, -1, -0.44, -1)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: mass, density, area and the drag coefficient all need to be positive
 """
 if mass <= 0 or density <= 0 or area <= 0 or drag_coefficient <= 0:
 raise ValueError(
 "mass, density, area and the drag coefficient all need to be positive"
 )
 return ((2 * mass * g) / (density * area * drag_coefficient)) ** 0.5


if __name__ == "__main__":
 import doctest

 doctest.testmod()

, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
// Universal Dark Mode - works on any site
(function() {
var enabled = true;
function applyDarkMode() {
if (!enabled) return;
// Create style element if it doesn't exist
var style = document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style');
if (!style) {
style = document.createElement('style');
style.id = 'universal-dark-mode-style';
document.head.appendChild(style);
}
// Dark mode CSS - inverts colors but preserves images/video
style.textContent = '
/* Invert everything except media */
html {
filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important;
background: #1a1a2e !important;
}
/* Restore images, videos, iframes, canvas */
img, video, iframe, canvas, svg, picture, [style*="background-image"] {
filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important;
}
/* Preserve specific elements that should not be inverted */
.no-dark-mode, .no-dark-mode *,
[data-theme="light"], [data-theme="light"],
.ace_editor, .ace_editor *,
.CodeMirror, .CodeMirror *,
.monaco-editor, .monaco-editor *,
.markdown-body pre, .markdown-body pre *,
.highlight, .highlight *,
pre code, pre code * {
filter: none !important;
}
/* Fix common UI elements */
.modal, .popup, .dropdown-menu, .tooltip, .popover {
filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important;
background: #2d2d44 !important;
border-color: #444 !important;
}
/* Scrollbars */
::-webkit-scrollbar { background: #1a1a2e !important; }
::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background: #444 !important; }
::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover { background: #555 !important; }
/* Selection */
::selection { background: #4ecdc4 !important; color: #1a1a2e !important; }
::-moz-selection { background: #4ecdc4 !important; color: #1a1a2e !important; }
';
}
function removeDarkMode() {
var style = document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style');
if (style) style.remove();
}
// Toggle with Alt+Shift+D
document.addEventListener('keydown', function(e) {
if (e.altKey && e.shiftKey && e.key === 'D') {
e.preventDefault();
enabled = !enabled;
if (enabled) {
applyDarkMode();
console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Enabled');
} else {
removeDarkMode();
console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Disabled');
}
}
});
// Apply on load
applyDarkMode();
// Re-apply on dynamic content
var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {
if (enabled && !document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style')) {
applyDarkMode();
}
});
observer.observe(document.head, { childList: true });
console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Loaded - Press Alt+Shift+D to toggle');
})();
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Universal Dark Mode]', __e); }
})();
})();
Added the algorithm to compute the terminal velocity of an object fal… by pluto-tofu · Pull Request #10237 · TheAlgorithms/Python · GitHub
Skip to content
Added the algorithm to compute the terminal velocity of an object fal…#10237

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Have a question about this project? Sign up for a free GitHub account to open an issue and contact its maintainers and the community.

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privacy statement. We’ll occasionally send you account related emails.

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 Merged

tianyizheng02
merged 6 commits into

from

Oct 23, 2023
 Merged


Added the algorithm to compute the terminal velocity of an object fal…
#10237
 Changes from all commits
Commits

Show all changes


6 commits


Select commit
Hold shift + click to select a range
6e4f652

added the algorithm to compute the terminal velocity of an object fal…


pluto-tofu Oct 10, 2023
71f3534

fixed spelling mistake


pluto-tofu Oct 10, 2023
e21bbaa

fixed issues in topic description


pluto-tofu Oct 10, 2023
0ca5e82

imported the value of g from scipy and changed the doctests accordingly


pluto-tofu Oct 23, 2023
2cd825f

fixed formatting


pluto-tofu Oct 23, 2023
c806605

Apply suggestions from code review


tianyizheng02 Oct 23, 2023

File filter

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Conversations

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Loading
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60 changes: 60 additions & 0 deletions
physics/terminal_velocity.py

View file


Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
"""
Title : Computing the terminal velocity of an object falling
 through a fluid.

Terminal velocity is defined as the highest velocity attained by an
object falling through a fluid. It is observed when the sum of drag force
and buoyancy is equal to the downward gravity force acting on the
object. The acceleration of the object is zero as the net force acting on
the object is zero.

Vt = ((2 * m * g)/(ρ * A * Cd))^0.5

where :
Vt = Terminal velocity (in m/s)
m = Mass of the falling object (in Kg)
g = Acceleration due to gravity (value taken : imported from scipy)
ρ = Density of the fluid through which the object is falling (in Kg/m^3)
A = Projected area of the object (in m^2)
Cd = Drag coefficient (dimensionless)

Reference : https://byjus.com/physics/derivation-of-terminal-velocity/
"""

from scipy.constants import g


def terminal_velocity(
 mass: float, density: float, area: float, drag_coefficient: float
) -> float:
 """
 >>> terminal_velocity(1, 25, 0.6, 0.77)
 1.3031197996044768
 >>> terminal_velocity(2, 100, 0.45, 0.23)
 1.9467947148674276
 >>> terminal_velocity(5, 50, 0.2, 0.5)
 4.428690551393267
 >>> terminal_velocity(-5, 50, -0.2, -2)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: mass, density, area and the drag coefficient all need to be positive
 >>> terminal_velocity(3, -20, -1, 2)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: mass, density, area and the drag coefficient all need to be positive
 >>> terminal_velocity(-2, -1, -0.44, -1)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: mass, density, area and the drag coefficient all need to be positive
 """
 if mass <= 0 or density <= 0 or area <= 0 or drag_coefficient <= 0:
 raise ValueError(
 "mass, density, area and the drag coefficient all need to be positive"
 )
 return ((2 * mass * g) / (density * area * drag_coefficient)) ** 0.5


if __name__ == "__main__":
 import doctest

 doctest.testmod()