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santiditomas Oct 21, 2023
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Update center_of_mass.py
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Update center_of_mass.py
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"""
Calculating the center of mass for a discrete system of particles, given their
positions and masses.

Description:

In physics, the center of mass of a distribution of mass in space (sometimes referred
to as the barycenter or balance point) is the unique point at any given time where the
weighted relative position of the distributed mass sums to zero. This is the point to
which a force may be applied to cause a linear acceleration without an angular
acceleration.

Calculations in mechanics are often simplified when formulated with respect to the
center of mass. It is a hypothetical point where the entire mass of an object may be
assumed to be concentrated to visualize its motion. In other words, the center of mass
is the particle equivalent of a given object for the application of Newton's laws of
motion.

In the case of a system of particles P_i, i = 1, ..., n , each with mass m_i that are
located in space with coordinates r_i, i = 1, ..., n , the coordinates R of the center
of mass corresponds to:

R = (Σ(mi * ri) / Σ(mi))

Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_mass
"""
from collections import namedtuple

Particle = namedtuple("Particle", "x y z mass") # noqa: PYI024
Coord3D = namedtuple("Coord3D", "x y z") # noqa: PYI024


def center_of_mass(particles: list[Particle]) -> Coord3D:
"""
Input Parameters
----------------
particles: list(Particle):
A list of particles where each particle is a tuple with it´s (x, y, z) position and
it´s mass.

Returns
-------
Coord3D:
A tuple with the coordinates of the center of mass (Xcm, Ycm, Zcm) rounded to two
decimal places.

Examples
--------
>>> center_of_mass([
... Particle(1.5, 4, 3.4, 4),
... Particle(5, 6.8, 7, 8.1),
... Particle(9.4, 10.1, 11.6, 12)
... ])
Coord3D(x=6.61, y=7.98, z=8.69)

>>> center_of_mass([
... Particle(1, 2, 3, 4),
... Particle(5, 6, 7, 8),
... Particle(9, 10, 11, 12)
... ])
Coord3D(x=6.33, y=7.33, z=8.33)

>>> center_of_mass([
... Particle(1, 2, 3, -4),
... Particle(5, 6, 7, 8),
... Particle(9, 10, 11, 12)
... ])
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: Mass of all particles must be greater than 0

>>> center_of_mass([
... Particle(1, 2, 3, 0),
... Particle(5, 6, 7, 8),
... Particle(9, 10, 11, 12)
... ])
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: Mass of all particles must be greater than 0

>>> center_of_mass([])
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: No particles provided
"""
if not particles:
raise ValueError("No particles provided")

if any(particle.mass <= 0 for particle in particles):
raise ValueError("Mass of all particles must be greater than 0")

total_mass = sum(particle.mass for particle in particles)

center_of_mass_x = round(
sum(particle.x * particle.mass for particle in particles) / total_mass, 2
)
center_of_mass_y = round(
sum(particle.y * particle.mass for particle in particles) / total_mass, 2
)
center_of_mass_z = round(
sum(particle.z * particle.mass for particle in particles) / total_mass, 2
)
return Coord3D(center_of_mass_x, center_of_mass_y, center_of_mass_z)


if __name__ == "__main__":
import doctest

doctest.testmod()
, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { // Add copy buttons to all 
 blocks
(function() {
function addCopyButtons() {
document.querySelectorAll('pre code').forEach(function(codeBlock) {
if (codeBlock.parentElement.hasAttribute('data-copy-added')) return;
codeBlock.parentElement.setAttribute('data-copy-added', 'true');
var btn = document.createElement('button');
btn.textContent = 'Copy';
btn.style.cssText = 'position:absolute;top:4px;right:4px;padding:2px 8px;font-size:11px;background:#4ecdc4;border:none;border-radius:4px;color:#1a1a2e;cursor:pointer;opacity:0.7;transition:opacity 0.2s;';
btn.onmouseover = function() { this.style.opacity = '1'; };
btn.onmouseout = function() { this.style.opacity = '0.7'; };
btn.onclick = function() {
navigator.clipboard.writeText(codeBlock.textContent).then(function() {
btn.textContent = 'Copied!';
setTimeout(function() { btn.textContent = 'Copy'; }, 1500);
});
};
codeBlock.parentElement.style.position = 'relative';
codeBlock.parentElement.appendChild(btn);
});
}
addCopyButtons();
// Re-run on dynamic content
var observer = new MutationObserver(addCopyButtons);
observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });
})();
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Add Copy Buttons to Code Blocks]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "github.com";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + "github\\.com" + '
adding new physics algorithm: center of mass by santiditomas · Pull Request #10743 · TheAlgorithms/Python · GitHub
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cclauss
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Oct 21, 2023
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#10743
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Add changes requested by the reviewer


santiditomas Oct 21, 2023
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Update center_of_mass.py


cclauss Oct 21, 2023
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Update center_of_mass.py


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physics/center_of_mass.py

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
"""
Calculating the center of mass for a discrete system of particles, given their
positions and masses.

Description:

In physics, the center of mass of a distribution of mass in space (sometimes referred
to as the barycenter or balance point) is the unique point at any given time where the
weighted relative position of the distributed mass sums to zero. This is the point to
which a force may be applied to cause a linear acceleration without an angular
acceleration.

Calculations in mechanics are often simplified when formulated with respect to the
center of mass. It is a hypothetical point where the entire mass of an object may be
assumed to be concentrated to visualize its motion. In other words, the center of mass
is the particle equivalent of a given object for the application of Newton's laws of
motion.

In the case of a system of particles P_i, i = 1, ..., n , each with mass m_i that are
located in space with coordinates r_i, i = 1, ..., n , the coordinates R of the center
of mass corresponds to:

R = (Σ(mi * ri) / Σ(mi))

Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_mass
"""
from collections import namedtuple

Particle = namedtuple("Particle", "x y z mass") # noqa: PYI024
Coord3D = namedtuple("Coord3D", "x y z") # noqa: PYI024


def center_of_mass(particles: list[Particle]) -> Coord3D:
 """
 Input Parameters
 ----------------
 particles: list(Particle):
 A list of particles where each particle is a tuple with it´s (x, y, z) position and
 it´s mass.

 Returns
 -------
 Coord3D:
 A tuple with the coordinates of the center of mass (Xcm, Ycm, Zcm) rounded to two
 decimal places.

 Examples
 --------
 >>> center_of_mass([
 ... Particle(1.5, 4, 3.4, 4),
 ... Particle(5, 6.8, 7, 8.1),
 ... Particle(9.4, 10.1, 11.6, 12)
 ... ])
 Coord3D(x=6.61, y=7.98, z=8.69)

 >>> center_of_mass([
 ... Particle(1, 2, 3, 4),
 ... Particle(5, 6, 7, 8),
 ... Particle(9, 10, 11, 12)
 ... ])
 Coord3D(x=6.33, y=7.33, z=8.33)

 >>> center_of_mass([
 ... Particle(1, 2, 3, -4),
 ... Particle(5, 6, 7, 8),
 ... Particle(9, 10, 11, 12)
 ... ])
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: Mass of all particles must be greater than 0

 >>> center_of_mass([
 ... Particle(1, 2, 3, 0),
 ... Particle(5, 6, 7, 8),
 ... Particle(9, 10, 11, 12)
 ... ])
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: Mass of all particles must be greater than 0

 >>> center_of_mass([])
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: No particles provided
 """
 if not particles:
 raise ValueError("No particles provided")

 if any(particle.mass <= 0 for particle in particles):
 raise ValueError("Mass of all particles must be greater than 0")

 total_mass = sum(particle.mass for particle in particles)

 center_of_mass_x = round(
 sum(particle.x * particle.mass for particle in particles) / total_mass, 2
 )
 center_of_mass_y = round(
 sum(particle.y * particle.mass for particle in particles) / total_mass, 2
 )
 center_of_mass_z = round(
 sum(particle.z * particle.mass for particle in particles) / total_mass, 2
 )
 return Coord3D(center_of_mass_x, center_of_mass_y, center_of_mass_z)


if __name__ == "__main__":
 import doctest

 doctest.testmod()

, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
// Force GitHub README to respect dark mode
(function() {
var style = document.createElement('style');
style.textContent = '
.markdown-body {
color-scheme: dark light;
}
.markdown-body pre { background: #161b22 !important; }
.markdown-body code { background: rgba(110, 118, 129, 0.4) !important; }
.markdown-body table th, .markdown-body table td { border-color: #30363d !important; }
.markdown-body img { background: #0d1117; }
.markdown-body blockquote { border-left-color: #8b949e; }
.markdown-body hr { border-color: #30363d; }
';
document.head.appendChild(style);
})();
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:GitHub Dark Mode README Fix]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "*";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '
adding new physics algorithm: center of mass by santiditomas · Pull Request #10743 · TheAlgorithms/Python · GitHub
Skip to content
adding new physics algorithm: center of mass#10743

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 Merged

cclauss
merged 5 commits into

from

Oct 21, 2023
 Merged


adding new physics algorithm: center of mass
#10743
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fd30bc8

adding new physics algorithm: center of mass


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719c969

Add changes requested by the reviewer


santiditomas Oct 21, 2023
6a364a8

Add changes requested by the reviewer


santiditomas Oct 21, 2023
1bede8f

Update center_of_mass.py


cclauss Oct 21, 2023
8fc8300

Update center_of_mass.py


cclauss Oct 21, 2023

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109 changes: 109 additions & 0 deletions
physics/center_of_mass.py

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
"""
Calculating the center of mass for a discrete system of particles, given their
positions and masses.

Description:

In physics, the center of mass of a distribution of mass in space (sometimes referred
to as the barycenter or balance point) is the unique point at any given time where the
weighted relative position of the distributed mass sums to zero. This is the point to
which a force may be applied to cause a linear acceleration without an angular
acceleration.

Calculations in mechanics are often simplified when formulated with respect to the
center of mass. It is a hypothetical point where the entire mass of an object may be
assumed to be concentrated to visualize its motion. In other words, the center of mass
is the particle equivalent of a given object for the application of Newton's laws of
motion.

In the case of a system of particles P_i, i = 1, ..., n , each with mass m_i that are
located in space with coordinates r_i, i = 1, ..., n , the coordinates R of the center
of mass corresponds to:

R = (Σ(mi * ri) / Σ(mi))

Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_mass
"""
from collections import namedtuple

Particle = namedtuple("Particle", "x y z mass") # noqa: PYI024
Coord3D = namedtuple("Coord3D", "x y z") # noqa: PYI024


def center_of_mass(particles: list[Particle]) -> Coord3D:
 """
 Input Parameters
 ----------------
 particles: list(Particle):
 A list of particles where each particle is a tuple with it´s (x, y, z) position and
 it´s mass.

 Returns
 -------
 Coord3D:
 A tuple with the coordinates of the center of mass (Xcm, Ycm, Zcm) rounded to two
 decimal places.

 Examples
 --------
 >>> center_of_mass([
 ... Particle(1.5, 4, 3.4, 4),
 ... Particle(5, 6.8, 7, 8.1),
 ... Particle(9.4, 10.1, 11.6, 12)
 ... ])
 Coord3D(x=6.61, y=7.98, z=8.69)

 >>> center_of_mass([
 ... Particle(1, 2, 3, 4),
 ... Particle(5, 6, 7, 8),
 ... Particle(9, 10, 11, 12)
 ... ])
 Coord3D(x=6.33, y=7.33, z=8.33)

 >>> center_of_mass([
 ... Particle(1, 2, 3, -4),
 ... Particle(5, 6, 7, 8),
 ... Particle(9, 10, 11, 12)
 ... ])
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: Mass of all particles must be greater than 0

 >>> center_of_mass([
 ... Particle(1, 2, 3, 0),
 ... Particle(5, 6, 7, 8),
 ... Particle(9, 10, 11, 12)
 ... ])
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: Mass of all particles must be greater than 0

 >>> center_of_mass([])
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: No particles provided
 """
 if not particles:
 raise ValueError("No particles provided")

 if any(particle.mass <= 0 for particle in particles):
 raise ValueError("Mass of all particles must be greater than 0")

 total_mass = sum(particle.mass for particle in particles)

 center_of_mass_x = round(
 sum(particle.x * particle.mass for particle in particles) / total_mass, 2
 )
 center_of_mass_y = round(
 sum(particle.y * particle.mass for particle in particles) / total_mass, 2
 )
 center_of_mass_z = round(
 sum(particle.z * particle.mass for particle in particles) / total_mass, 2
 )
 return Coord3D(center_of_mass_x, center_of_mass_y, center_of_mass_z)


if __name__ == "__main__":
 import doctest

 doctest.testmod()

, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
// Highlight search terms from Google/DuckDuckGo/Bing referrer
(function() {
var ref = document.referrer;
var terms = [];
if (ref.includes('google.com') || ref.includes('duckduckgo.com') || ref.includes('bing.com')) {
var url = new URL(ref);
var q = url.searchParams.get('q') || url.searchParams.get('p');
if (q) {
terms = q.split(/\s+/).filter(function(t) { return t.length > 2; });
}
}
if (terms.length === 0) return;
var style = document.createElement('style');
style.textContent = '.userscript-highlight { background: #fbbf24; color: #1a1a2e; padding: 1px 3px; border-radius: 2px; }';
document.head.appendChild(style);
function highlight(node) {
if (node.nodeType === 3) { // text node
var text = node.textContent;
var found = false;
terms.forEach(function(term) {
var regex = new RegExp('(' + term.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\') + ')', 'gi');
if (regex.test(text)) {
found = true;
var frag = document.createDocumentFragment();
var parts = text.split(regex);
parts.forEach(function(part, i) {
if (i % 2 === 0) {
frag.appendChild(document.createTextNode(part));
} else {
var span = document.createElement('span');
span.className = 'userscript-highlight';
span.textContent = part;
frag.appendChild(span);
}
});
node.parentNode.replaceChild(frag, node);
}
});
} else if (node.nodeType === 1 && node.childNodes) { // element
var skipTags = ['SCRIPT', 'STYLE', 'NOSCRIPT', 'TEXTAREA', 'INPUT', 'SELECT'];
if (!skipTags.includes(node.tagName)) {
Array.from(node.childNodes).forEach(highlight);
}
}
}
highlight(document.body);
// Re-highlight on dynamic content
var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {
mutations.forEach(function(m) {
m.addedNodes.forEach(function(node) {
if (node.nodeType === 1 || node.nodeType === 3) highlight(node);
});
});
});
observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });
})();
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Highlight Search Terms]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "*";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '
adding new physics algorithm: center of mass by santiditomas · Pull Request #10743 · TheAlgorithms/Python · GitHub
Skip to content
adding new physics algorithm: center of mass#10743

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 Merged

cclauss
merged 5 commits into

from

Oct 21, 2023
 Merged


adding new physics algorithm: center of mass
#10743
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fd30bc8

adding new physics algorithm: center of mass


santiditomas Oct 21, 2023
719c969

Add changes requested by the reviewer


santiditomas Oct 21, 2023
6a364a8

Add changes requested by the reviewer


santiditomas Oct 21, 2023
1bede8f

Update center_of_mass.py


cclauss Oct 21, 2023
8fc8300

Update center_of_mass.py


cclauss Oct 21, 2023

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109 changes: 109 additions & 0 deletions
physics/center_of_mass.py

View file


Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
"""
Calculating the center of mass for a discrete system of particles, given their
positions and masses.

Description:

In physics, the center of mass of a distribution of mass in space (sometimes referred
to as the barycenter or balance point) is the unique point at any given time where the
weighted relative position of the distributed mass sums to zero. This is the point to
which a force may be applied to cause a linear acceleration without an angular
acceleration.

Calculations in mechanics are often simplified when formulated with respect to the
center of mass. It is a hypothetical point where the entire mass of an object may be
assumed to be concentrated to visualize its motion. In other words, the center of mass
is the particle equivalent of a given object for the application of Newton's laws of
motion.

In the case of a system of particles P_i, i = 1, ..., n , each with mass m_i that are
located in space with coordinates r_i, i = 1, ..., n , the coordinates R of the center
of mass corresponds to:

R = (Σ(mi * ri) / Σ(mi))

Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_mass
"""
from collections import namedtuple

Particle = namedtuple("Particle", "x y z mass") # noqa: PYI024
Coord3D = namedtuple("Coord3D", "x y z") # noqa: PYI024


def center_of_mass(particles: list[Particle]) -> Coord3D:
 """
 Input Parameters
 ----------------
 particles: list(Particle):
 A list of particles where each particle is a tuple with it´s (x, y, z) position and
 it´s mass.

 Returns
 -------
 Coord3D:
 A tuple with the coordinates of the center of mass (Xcm, Ycm, Zcm) rounded to two
 decimal places.

 Examples
 --------
 >>> center_of_mass([
 ... Particle(1.5, 4, 3.4, 4),
 ... Particle(5, 6.8, 7, 8.1),
 ... Particle(9.4, 10.1, 11.6, 12)
 ... ])
 Coord3D(x=6.61, y=7.98, z=8.69)

 >>> center_of_mass([
 ... Particle(1, 2, 3, 4),
 ... Particle(5, 6, 7, 8),
 ... Particle(9, 10, 11, 12)
 ... ])
 Coord3D(x=6.33, y=7.33, z=8.33)

 >>> center_of_mass([
 ... Particle(1, 2, 3, -4),
 ... Particle(5, 6, 7, 8),
 ... Particle(9, 10, 11, 12)
 ... ])
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: Mass of all particles must be greater than 0

 >>> center_of_mass([
 ... Particle(1, 2, 3, 0),
 ... Particle(5, 6, 7, 8),
 ... Particle(9, 10, 11, 12)
 ... ])
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: Mass of all particles must be greater than 0

 >>> center_of_mass([])
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: No particles provided
 """
 if not particles:
 raise ValueError("No particles provided")

 if any(particle.mass <= 0 for particle in particles):
 raise ValueError("Mass of all particles must be greater than 0")

 total_mass = sum(particle.mass for particle in particles)

 center_of_mass_x = round(
 sum(particle.x * particle.mass for particle in particles) / total_mass, 2
 )
 center_of_mass_y = round(
 sum(particle.y * particle.mass for particle in particles) / total_mass, 2
 )
 center_of_mass_z = round(
 sum(particle.z * particle.mass for particle in particles) / total_mass, 2
 )
 return Coord3D(center_of_mass_x, center_of_mass_y, center_of_mass_z)


if __name__ == "__main__":
 import doctest

 doctest.testmod()

, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
// Strip utm_, fbclid, gclid, etc. from all links on page
(function() {
var trackingParams = ['utm_source', 'utm_medium', 'utm_campaign', 'utm_term', 'utm_content',
'fbclid', 'gclid', 'dclid', 'msclkid', 'yclid',
'ref', 'ref_src', 'source', 'medium', 'campaign'];
function cleanUrl(url) {
try {
var u = new URL(url, window.location.origin);
var changed = false;
trackingParams.forEach(function(p) {
if (u.searchParams.has(p)) {
u.searchParams.delete(p);
changed = true;
}
});
return changed ? u.toString() : url;
} catch (e) {
return url;
}
}
function cleanLinks() {
document.querySelectorAll('a[href]').forEach(function(a) {
var clean = cleanUrl(a.href);
if (clean !== a.href) a.href = clean;
});
}
cleanLinks();
var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {
mutations.forEach(function(m) {
m.addedNodes.forEach(function(node) {
if (node.nodeType === 1) {
if (node.tagName === 'A') cleanLinks();
node.querySelectorAll('a[href]').forEach(function(a) {
var clean = cleanUrl(a.href);
if (clean !== a.href) a.href = clean;
});
}
});
});
});
observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });
})();
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Remove Tracking Parameters from Links]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "youtube.com";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + "youtube\\.com" + '
adding new physics algorithm: center of mass by santiditomas · Pull Request #10743 · TheAlgorithms/Python · GitHub
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Update center_of_mass.py


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physics/center_of_mass.py

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@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
"""
Calculating the center of mass for a discrete system of particles, given their
positions and masses.

Description:

In physics, the center of mass of a distribution of mass in space (sometimes referred
to as the barycenter or balance point) is the unique point at any given time where the
weighted relative position of the distributed mass sums to zero. This is the point to
which a force may be applied to cause a linear acceleration without an angular
acceleration.

Calculations in mechanics are often simplified when formulated with respect to the
center of mass. It is a hypothetical point where the entire mass of an object may be
assumed to be concentrated to visualize its motion. In other words, the center of mass
is the particle equivalent of a given object for the application of Newton's laws of
motion.

In the case of a system of particles P_i, i = 1, ..., n , each with mass m_i that are
located in space with coordinates r_i, i = 1, ..., n , the coordinates R of the center
of mass corresponds to:

R = (Σ(mi * ri) / Σ(mi))

Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_mass
"""
from collections import namedtuple

Particle = namedtuple("Particle", "x y z mass") # noqa: PYI024
Coord3D = namedtuple("Coord3D", "x y z") # noqa: PYI024


def center_of_mass(particles: list[Particle]) -> Coord3D:
 """
 Input Parameters
 ----------------
 particles: list(Particle):
 A list of particles where each particle is a tuple with it´s (x, y, z) position and
 it´s mass.

 Returns
 -------
 Coord3D:
 A tuple with the coordinates of the center of mass (Xcm, Ycm, Zcm) rounded to two
 decimal places.

 Examples
 --------
 >>> center_of_mass([
 ... Particle(1.5, 4, 3.4, 4),
 ... Particle(5, 6.8, 7, 8.1),
 ... Particle(9.4, 10.1, 11.6, 12)
 ... ])
 Coord3D(x=6.61, y=7.98, z=8.69)

 >>> center_of_mass([
 ... Particle(1, 2, 3, 4),
 ... Particle(5, 6, 7, 8),
 ... Particle(9, 10, 11, 12)
 ... ])
 Coord3D(x=6.33, y=7.33, z=8.33)

 >>> center_of_mass([
 ... Particle(1, 2, 3, -4),
 ... Particle(5, 6, 7, 8),
 ... Particle(9, 10, 11, 12)
 ... ])
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: Mass of all particles must be greater than 0

 >>> center_of_mass([
 ... Particle(1, 2, 3, 0),
 ... Particle(5, 6, 7, 8),
 ... Particle(9, 10, 11, 12)
 ... ])
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: Mass of all particles must be greater than 0

 >>> center_of_mass([])
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: No particles provided
 """
 if not particles:
 raise ValueError("No particles provided")

 if any(particle.mass <= 0 for particle in particles):
 raise ValueError("Mass of all particles must be greater than 0")

 total_mass = sum(particle.mass for particle in particles)

 center_of_mass_x = round(
 sum(particle.x * particle.mass for particle in particles) / total_mass, 2
 )
 center_of_mass_y = round(
 sum(particle.y * particle.mass for particle in particles) / total_mass, 2
 )
 center_of_mass_z = round(
 sum(particle.z * particle.mass for particle in particles) / total_mass, 2
 )
 return Coord3D(center_of_mass_x, center_of_mass_y, center_of_mass_z)


if __name__ == "__main__":
 import doctest

 doctest.testmod()

, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
// Auto-enable theater mode on YouTube
(function() {
function tryTheater() {
var btn = document.querySelector('button[aria-label="Theater mode"], ytd-player #player button[title="Theater mode"]');
if (btn && !btn.classList.contains('activated')) {
btn.click();
}
}
// Try immediately
tryTheater();
// Try after navigation (SPA)
var lastUrl = location.href;
setInterval(function() {
if (location.href !== lastUrl) {
lastUrl = location.href;
setTimeout(tryTheater, 500);
}
}, 1000);
// Also try on player load
var observer = new MutationObserver(tryTheater);
observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });
})();
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:YouTube Theater Mode Default]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "*";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '
adding new physics algorithm: center of mass by santiditomas · Pull Request #10743 · TheAlgorithms/Python · GitHub
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adding new physics algorithm: center of mass#10743

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Add changes requested by the reviewer


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6a364a8

Add changes requested by the reviewer


santiditomas Oct 21, 2023
1bede8f

Update center_of_mass.py


cclauss Oct 21, 2023
8fc8300

Update center_of_mass.py


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physics/center_of_mass.py

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
"""
Calculating the center of mass for a discrete system of particles, given their
positions and masses.

Description:

In physics, the center of mass of a distribution of mass in space (sometimes referred
to as the barycenter or balance point) is the unique point at any given time where the
weighted relative position of the distributed mass sums to zero. This is the point to
which a force may be applied to cause a linear acceleration without an angular
acceleration.

Calculations in mechanics are often simplified when formulated with respect to the
center of mass. It is a hypothetical point where the entire mass of an object may be
assumed to be concentrated to visualize its motion. In other words, the center of mass
is the particle equivalent of a given object for the application of Newton's laws of
motion.

In the case of a system of particles P_i, i = 1, ..., n , each with mass m_i that are
located in space with coordinates r_i, i = 1, ..., n , the coordinates R of the center
of mass corresponds to:

R = (Σ(mi * ri) / Σ(mi))

Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_mass
"""
from collections import namedtuple

Particle = namedtuple("Particle", "x y z mass") # noqa: PYI024
Coord3D = namedtuple("Coord3D", "x y z") # noqa: PYI024


def center_of_mass(particles: list[Particle]) -> Coord3D:
 """
 Input Parameters
 ----------------
 particles: list(Particle):
 A list of particles where each particle is a tuple with it´s (x, y, z) position and
 it´s mass.

 Returns
 -------
 Coord3D:
 A tuple with the coordinates of the center of mass (Xcm, Ycm, Zcm) rounded to two
 decimal places.

 Examples
 --------
 >>> center_of_mass([
 ... Particle(1.5, 4, 3.4, 4),
 ... Particle(5, 6.8, 7, 8.1),
 ... Particle(9.4, 10.1, 11.6, 12)
 ... ])
 Coord3D(x=6.61, y=7.98, z=8.69)

 >>> center_of_mass([
 ... Particle(1, 2, 3, 4),
 ... Particle(5, 6, 7, 8),
 ... Particle(9, 10, 11, 12)
 ... ])
 Coord3D(x=6.33, y=7.33, z=8.33)

 >>> center_of_mass([
 ... Particle(1, 2, 3, -4),
 ... Particle(5, 6, 7, 8),
 ... Particle(9, 10, 11, 12)
 ... ])
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: Mass of all particles must be greater than 0

 >>> center_of_mass([
 ... Particle(1, 2, 3, 0),
 ... Particle(5, 6, 7, 8),
 ... Particle(9, 10, 11, 12)
 ... ])
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: Mass of all particles must be greater than 0

 >>> center_of_mass([])
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: No particles provided
 """
 if not particles:
 raise ValueError("No particles provided")

 if any(particle.mass <= 0 for particle in particles):
 raise ValueError("Mass of all particles must be greater than 0")

 total_mass = sum(particle.mass for particle in particles)

 center_of_mass_x = round(
 sum(particle.x * particle.mass for particle in particles) / total_mass, 2
 )
 center_of_mass_y = round(
 sum(particle.y * particle.mass for particle in particles) / total_mass, 2
 )
 center_of_mass_z = round(
 sum(particle.z * particle.mass for particle in particles) / total_mass, 2
 )
 return Coord3D(center_of_mass_x, center_of_mass_y, center_of_mass_z)


if __name__ == "__main__":
 import doctest

 doctest.testmod()

, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
// Remove or un-stick sticky/fixed headers that block content
(function() {
function unstick() {
document.querySelectorAll('header, nav, [role="banner"], .header, .navbar, .sticky, .fixed-top, [style*="position: fixed"], [style*="position:sticky"]').forEach(function(el) {
if (el.style.position === 'fixed' || el.style.position === 'sticky' || getComputedStyle(el).position === 'fixed' || getComputedStyle(el).position === 'sticky') {
el.style.position = 'static';
el.style.top = 'auto';
el.style.zIndex = 'auto';
}
});
}
unstick();
var observer = new MutationObserver(unstick);
observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true, attributes: true, attributeFilter: ['style', 'class'] });
})();
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Kill Sticky Headers]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "*";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '
adding new physics algorithm: center of mass by santiditomas · Pull Request #10743 · TheAlgorithms/Python · GitHub
Skip to content
adding new physics algorithm: center of mass#10743

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 Merged

cclauss
merged 5 commits into

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Oct 21, 2023
 Merged


adding new physics algorithm: center of mass
#10743
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fd30bc8

adding new physics algorithm: center of mass


santiditomas Oct 21, 2023
719c969

Add changes requested by the reviewer


santiditomas Oct 21, 2023
6a364a8

Add changes requested by the reviewer


santiditomas Oct 21, 2023
1bede8f

Update center_of_mass.py


cclauss Oct 21, 2023
8fc8300

Update center_of_mass.py


cclauss Oct 21, 2023

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109 changes: 109 additions & 0 deletions
physics/center_of_mass.py

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Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
"""
Calculating the center of mass for a discrete system of particles, given their
positions and masses.

Description:

In physics, the center of mass of a distribution of mass in space (sometimes referred
to as the barycenter or balance point) is the unique point at any given time where the
weighted relative position of the distributed mass sums to zero. This is the point to
which a force may be applied to cause a linear acceleration without an angular
acceleration.

Calculations in mechanics are often simplified when formulated with respect to the
center of mass. It is a hypothetical point where the entire mass of an object may be
assumed to be concentrated to visualize its motion. In other words, the center of mass
is the particle equivalent of a given object for the application of Newton's laws of
motion.

In the case of a system of particles P_i, i = 1, ..., n , each with mass m_i that are
located in space with coordinates r_i, i = 1, ..., n , the coordinates R of the center
of mass corresponds to:

R = (Σ(mi * ri) / Σ(mi))

Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_mass
"""
from collections import namedtuple

Particle = namedtuple("Particle", "x y z mass") # noqa: PYI024
Coord3D = namedtuple("Coord3D", "x y z") # noqa: PYI024


def center_of_mass(particles: list[Particle]) -> Coord3D:
 """
 Input Parameters
 ----------------
 particles: list(Particle):
 A list of particles where each particle is a tuple with it´s (x, y, z) position and
 it´s mass.

 Returns
 -------
 Coord3D:
 A tuple with the coordinates of the center of mass (Xcm, Ycm, Zcm) rounded to two
 decimal places.

 Examples
 --------
 >>> center_of_mass([
 ... Particle(1.5, 4, 3.4, 4),
 ... Particle(5, 6.8, 7, 8.1),
 ... Particle(9.4, 10.1, 11.6, 12)
 ... ])
 Coord3D(x=6.61, y=7.98, z=8.69)

 >>> center_of_mass([
 ... Particle(1, 2, 3, 4),
 ... Particle(5, 6, 7, 8),
 ... Particle(9, 10, 11, 12)
 ... ])
 Coord3D(x=6.33, y=7.33, z=8.33)

 >>> center_of_mass([
 ... Particle(1, 2, 3, -4),
 ... Particle(5, 6, 7, 8),
 ... Particle(9, 10, 11, 12)
 ... ])
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: Mass of all particles must be greater than 0

 >>> center_of_mass([
 ... Particle(1, 2, 3, 0),
 ... Particle(5, 6, 7, 8),
 ... Particle(9, 10, 11, 12)
 ... ])
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: Mass of all particles must be greater than 0

 >>> center_of_mass([])
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: No particles provided
 """
 if not particles:
 raise ValueError("No particles provided")

 if any(particle.mass <= 0 for particle in particles):
 raise ValueError("Mass of all particles must be greater than 0")

 total_mass = sum(particle.mass for particle in particles)

 center_of_mass_x = round(
 sum(particle.x * particle.mass for particle in particles) / total_mass, 2
 )
 center_of_mass_y = round(
 sum(particle.y * particle.mass for particle in particles) / total_mass, 2
 )
 center_of_mass_z = round(
 sum(particle.z * particle.mass for particle in particles) / total_mass, 2
 )
 return Coord3D(center_of_mass_x, center_of_mass_y, center_of_mass_z)


if __name__ == "__main__":
 import doctest

 doctest.testmod()

, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
// Universal Dark Mode - works on any site
(function() {
var enabled = true;
function applyDarkMode() {
if (!enabled) return;
// Create style element if it doesn't exist
var style = document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style');
if (!style) {
style = document.createElement('style');
style.id = 'universal-dark-mode-style';
document.head.appendChild(style);
}
// Dark mode CSS - inverts colors but preserves images/video
style.textContent = '
/* Invert everything except media */
html {
filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important;
background: #1a1a2e !important;
}
/* Restore images, videos, iframes, canvas */
img, video, iframe, canvas, svg, picture, [style*="background-image"] {
filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important;
}
/* Preserve specific elements that should not be inverted */
.no-dark-mode, .no-dark-mode *,
[data-theme="light"], [data-theme="light"],
.ace_editor, .ace_editor *,
.CodeMirror, .CodeMirror *,
.monaco-editor, .monaco-editor *,
.markdown-body pre, .markdown-body pre *,
.highlight, .highlight *,
pre code, pre code * {
filter: none !important;
}
/* Fix common UI elements */
.modal, .popup, .dropdown-menu, .tooltip, .popover {
filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important;
background: #2d2d44 !important;
border-color: #444 !important;
}
/* Scrollbars */
::-webkit-scrollbar { background: #1a1a2e !important; }
::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background: #444 !important; }
::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover { background: #555 !important; }
/* Selection */
::selection { background: #4ecdc4 !important; color: #1a1a2e !important; }
::-moz-selection { background: #4ecdc4 !important; color: #1a1a2e !important; }
';
}
function removeDarkMode() {
var style = document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style');
if (style) style.remove();
}
// Toggle with Alt+Shift+D
document.addEventListener('keydown', function(e) {
if (e.altKey && e.shiftKey && e.key === 'D') {
e.preventDefault();
enabled = !enabled;
if (enabled) {
applyDarkMode();
console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Enabled');
} else {
removeDarkMode();
console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Disabled');
}
}
});
// Apply on load
applyDarkMode();
// Re-apply on dynamic content
var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {
if (enabled && !document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style')) {
applyDarkMode();
}
});
observer.observe(document.head, { childList: true });
console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Loaded - Press Alt+Shift+D to toggle');
})();
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Universal Dark Mode]', __e); }
})();
})();
adding new physics algorithm: center of mass by santiditomas · Pull Request #10743 · TheAlgorithms/Python · GitHub
Skip to content
adding new physics algorithm: center of mass#10743

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 Merged

cclauss
merged 5 commits into

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Oct 21, 2023
 Merged


adding new physics algorithm: center of mass
#10743
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fd30bc8

adding new physics algorithm: center of mass


santiditomas Oct 21, 2023
719c969

Add changes requested by the reviewer


santiditomas Oct 21, 2023
6a364a8

Add changes requested by the reviewer


santiditomas Oct 21, 2023
1bede8f

Update center_of_mass.py


cclauss Oct 21, 2023
8fc8300

Update center_of_mass.py


cclauss Oct 21, 2023

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109 changes: 109 additions & 0 deletions
physics/center_of_mass.py

View file


Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
"""
Calculating the center of mass for a discrete system of particles, given their
positions and masses.

Description:

In physics, the center of mass of a distribution of mass in space (sometimes referred
to as the barycenter or balance point) is the unique point at any given time where the
weighted relative position of the distributed mass sums to zero. This is the point to
which a force may be applied to cause a linear acceleration without an angular
acceleration.

Calculations in mechanics are often simplified when formulated with respect to the
center of mass. It is a hypothetical point where the entire mass of an object may be
assumed to be concentrated to visualize its motion. In other words, the center of mass
is the particle equivalent of a given object for the application of Newton's laws of
motion.

In the case of a system of particles P_i, i = 1, ..., n , each with mass m_i that are
located in space with coordinates r_i, i = 1, ..., n , the coordinates R of the center
of mass corresponds to:

R = (Σ(mi * ri) / Σ(mi))

Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_mass
"""
from collections import namedtuple

Particle = namedtuple("Particle", "x y z mass") # noqa: PYI024
Coord3D = namedtuple("Coord3D", "x y z") # noqa: PYI024


def center_of_mass(particles: list[Particle]) -> Coord3D:
 """
 Input Parameters
 ----------------
 particles: list(Particle):
 A list of particles where each particle is a tuple with it´s (x, y, z) position and
 it´s mass.

 Returns
 -------
 Coord3D:
 A tuple with the coordinates of the center of mass (Xcm, Ycm, Zcm) rounded to two
 decimal places.

 Examples
 --------
 >>> center_of_mass([
 ... Particle(1.5, 4, 3.4, 4),
 ... Particle(5, 6.8, 7, 8.1),
 ... Particle(9.4, 10.1, 11.6, 12)
 ... ])
 Coord3D(x=6.61, y=7.98, z=8.69)

 >>> center_of_mass([
 ... Particle(1, 2, 3, 4),
 ... Particle(5, 6, 7, 8),
 ... Particle(9, 10, 11, 12)
 ... ])
 Coord3D(x=6.33, y=7.33, z=8.33)

 >>> center_of_mass([
 ... Particle(1, 2, 3, -4),
 ... Particle(5, 6, 7, 8),
 ... Particle(9, 10, 11, 12)
 ... ])
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: Mass of all particles must be greater than 0

 >>> center_of_mass([
 ... Particle(1, 2, 3, 0),
 ... Particle(5, 6, 7, 8),
 ... Particle(9, 10, 11, 12)
 ... ])
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: Mass of all particles must be greater than 0

 >>> center_of_mass([])
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: No particles provided
 """
 if not particles:
 raise ValueError("No particles provided")

 if any(particle.mass <= 0 for particle in particles):
 raise ValueError("Mass of all particles must be greater than 0")

 total_mass = sum(particle.mass for particle in particles)

 center_of_mass_x = round(
 sum(particle.x * particle.mass for particle in particles) / total_mass, 2
 )
 center_of_mass_y = round(
 sum(particle.y * particle.mass for particle in particles) / total_mass, 2
 )
 center_of_mass_z = round(
 sum(particle.z * particle.mass for particle in particles) / total_mass, 2
 )
 return Coord3D(center_of_mass_x, center_of_mass_y, center_of_mass_z)


if __name__ == "__main__":
 import doctest

 doctest.testmod()