feat: add MinHash Jaccard similarity estimator

[yanglluo]

Describe your change:

• Add an algorithm?
• Fix a bug or typo in an existing algorithm?
• Add or change doctests? -- Note: Please avoid changing both code and tests in a single pull request.
• Documentation change?

Checklist:

• I have read CONTRIBUTING.md.
• This pull request is all my own work -- I have not plagiarized.
• I know that pull requests will not be merged if they fail the automated tests.
• This PR only changes one algorithm file. To ease review, please open separate PRs for separate algorithms.
• All new Python files are placed inside an existing directory.
• All function and variable names follow Python naming conventions.
• All function parameters and return values are annotated with Python type hints.
• All functions have doctests that pass the automated testing.
• The algorithm includes references to Wikipedia and the original MinHash paper.

Summary

Adds a dependency-free MinHash implementation for estimating Jaccard similarity from token sets. The implementation uses seeded BLAKE2b-derived permutations for deterministic signatures, validates inputs, and documents the algorithm with references.

MinHash is useful for near-duplicate detection, similarity search, and information-retrieval experiments where exact set comparisons are expensive.

Validation

• python3 -m doctest -v machine_learning/min_hash.py — 7 tests passed.

[algorithms-keeper]

Click here to look at the relevant links ⬇️

🔗 Relevant Links

Repository:

• Contributing guidelines
• Project Euler solution guidelines

Python:

• Formatted string literals (f-strings)
• Type hints
• doctest
• unittest
• pytest

Automated review generated by algorithms-keeper. If there's any problem regarding this review, please open an issue about it.

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[algorithms-keeper]

As there is no test file in this pull request nor any test function or class in the file machine_learning/min_hash.py, please provide doctest for the function _token_hash

[algorithms-keeper]

Click here to look at the relevant links ⬇️

🔗 Relevant Links

Repository:

• Contributing guidelines
• Project Euler solution guidelines

Python:

• Formatted string literals (f-strings)
• Type hints
• doctest
• unittest
• pytest

Automated review generated by algorithms-keeper. If there's any problem regarding this review, please open an issue about it.

---

algorithms-keeper commands and options

algorithms-keeper actions can be triggered by commenting on this PR:

• @algorithms-keeper review to trigger the checks for only added pull request files
• @algorithms-keeper review-all to trigger the checks for all the pull request files, including the modified files. As we cannot post review comments on lines not part of the diff, this command will post all the messages in one comment.

NOTE: Commands are in beta and so this feature is restricted only to a member or owner of the organization.

[algorithms-keeper]

As there is no test file in this pull request nor any test function or class in the file machine_learning/min_hash.py, please provide doctest for the function _token_hash