DInvoke

Dynamic replacement for PInvoke on Windows. DInvoke contains powerful primitives that may be combined intelligently to dynamically invoke unmanaged code from disk or from memory with careful precision. This may be used for many purposes such as PE parsing, intelligent dynamic API resolution, dynamically loading PE plugins at runtime, process injection, and avoiding API hooks.

Features:

• Dynamically invoke unmanaged APIs without PInvoke
• Primitives allowing for strategic API hook evasion
• Manually map unmanaged PE modules from managed code
• Map PE modules into sections backed by arbitrary modules on disk
• Modular process injection API
• Growing library of data structures, delegates, and function wrappers (please share :-)
• .NET v3.5+ support

Conference talk (Staying # & Bringing Covert Injection Tradecraft to .NET): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FuxpMXTgV9s

Blog posts:

1. Emulating Covert Operations - Dynamic Invocation (Avoiding PInvoke & API Hooks): https://thewover.github.io/Dynamic-Invoke/
2. Coming soon.

This project was originally created for SharpSploit (https://github.com/cobbr/SharpSploit). With permission from the author(s), it is now hosted here as a standalone library and NuGet.

NuGet: https://www.nuget.org/packages/DInvoke/

Example 1 - Resolving Exported Unmanaged APIs

The example below demonstrates how to use DInvoke to dynamically find and call exports of a DLL.

1. Get the base address of ntdll.dll. It is loaded into every Windows process when it is initialized, so we know that it will already be loaded. As such, we can safely search the PEB’s list of loaded modules to find a reference to it. Once we’ve found its base address from the PEB, we print the address.
2. Use GetLibraryAddress to find an export within ntdll.dll by name.
3. Use GetLibraryAddress to find an export within ntdll.dll by ordinal.
4. Use GetLibraryAddress to find an export within ntdll.dll by keyed hash.
5. Given the base address of ntdll.dll that we found earlier, use GetExportAddress to find an export within the module in memory by name.

///Author: b33f (@FuzzySec, Ruben Boonen)usingSystem;usingDynamicInvoke=DInvoke.DynamicInvoke;namespaceSpTestcase{classProgram{staticvoidMain(string[]args){// DetailsStringtestDetail=@" #=================> # Hello there! # I find things dynamically; base # addresses and function pointers. #=================> ";Console.WriteLine(testDetail);// Get NTDLL base from the PEBConsole.WriteLine("[?] Resolve Ntdll base from the PEB..");IntPtrhNtdll=DynamicInvoke.Generic.GetPebLdrModuleEntry("ntdll.dll");Console.WriteLine("[>] Ntdll base address : "+string.Format("{0:X}",hNtdll.ToInt64())+"\n");// Search function by nameConsole.WriteLine("[?] Specifying the name of a DLL (\"ntdll.dll\"), resolve a function by walking the export table in-memory..");Console.WriteLine("[+] Search by name --> NtCommitComplete");IntPtrpNtCommitComplete=DynamicInvoke.Generic.GetLibraryAddress("ntdll.dll","NtCommitComplete",true);Console.WriteLine("[>] pNtCommitComplete : "+string.Format("{0:X}",pNtCommitComplete.ToInt64())+"\n");Console.WriteLine("[+] Search by ordinal --> 0x260 (NtSetSystemTime)");IntPtrpNtSetSystemTime=DynamicInvoke.Generic.GetLibraryAddress("ntdll.dll",0x260,true);Console.WriteLine("[>] pNtSetSystemTime : "+string.Format("{0:X}",pNtSetSystemTime.ToInt64())+"\n");Console.WriteLine("[+] Search by keyed hash --> 138F2374EC295F225BD918F7D8058316 (RtlAdjustPrivilege)");Console.WriteLine("[>] Hash : HMACMD5(Key).ComputeHash(FunctionName)");StringfHash=DynamicInvoke.Generic.GetAPIHash("RtlAdjustPrivilege",0xaabb1122);IntPtrpRtlAdjustPrivilege=DynamicInvoke.Generic.GetLibraryAddress("ntdll.dll",fHash,0xaabb1122);Console.WriteLine("[>] pRtlAdjustPrivilege : "+string.Format("{0:X}",pRtlAdjustPrivilege.ToInt64())+"\n");// Search for function from base address of DLLConsole.WriteLine("[?] Specifying the base address of DLL in memory ({0:X}), resolve function by walking its export table...",hNtdll.ToInt64());Console.WriteLine("[+] Search by name --> NtCommitComplete");IntPtrpNtCommitComplete2=DynamicInvoke.Generic.GetExportAddress(hNtdll,"NtCommitComplete");Console.WriteLine("[>] pNtCommitComplete : "+string.Format("{0:X}",pNtCommitComplete2.ToInt64())+"\n");// Pause executionConsole.WriteLine("[*] Pausing execution..");Console.ReadLine();}}}

Example 2 - Invoking Unmanaged Code

In the example below, we first call OpenProcess normally using PInvoke. Then, we will call it in several ways using DInvoke to demonstrate that each mechanism successfully executes the unmanaged code and evades API hooks.

///Author: TheWoverusingSystem;usingSystem.Runtime.InteropServices;usingData=DInvoke.Data;usingDynamicInvoke=DInvoke.DynamicInvoke;usingManualMap=DInvoke.ManualMap;namespaceSpTestcase{classProgram{[DllImport("kernel32.dll",SetLastError=true)]publicstaticexternIntPtrOpenProcess(Data.Win32.Kernel32.ProcessAccessFlagsprocessAccess,boolbInheritHandle,uintprocessId);staticvoidMain(string[]args){// DetailsStringtestDetail=@" #=================> # Hello there! # I demonstrate API Hooking bypasses # by calling OpenProcess via # PInvoke then DInvoke. # All handles are requested with # PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS permissions. #=================> ";Console.WriteLine(testDetail);//PID of current process.uintid=Convert.ToUInt32(System.Diagnostics.Process.GetCurrentProcess().Id);//Process handleIntPtrhProc;// Create the array for the parameters for OpenProcessobject[]paramaters={Data.Win32.Kernel32.ProcessAccessFlags.PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS,false,id};// Pause executionConsole.WriteLine("[*] Pausing execution..");Console.ReadLine();//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Call OpenProcess using PInvokeConsole.WriteLine("[?] Call OpenProcess via PInvoke ...");hProc=OpenProcess(Data.Win32.Kernel32.ProcessAccessFlags.PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS,false,id);Console.WriteLine("[>] Process handle : "+string.Format("{0:X}",hProc.ToInt64())+"\n");// Pause executionConsole.WriteLine("[*] Pausing execution..");Console.ReadLine();//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Call OpenProcess using GetLibraryAddress (underneath the hood)Console.WriteLine("[?] Call OpenProcess from the loaded module list using System.Diagnostics.Process.GetCurrentProcess().Modules ...");hProc=DynamicInvoke.Win32.OpenProcess(Data.Win32.Kernel32.ProcessAccessFlags.PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS,false,id);Console.WriteLine("[>] Process handle : "+string.Format("{0:X}",hProc.ToInt64())+"\n");// Pause executionConsole.WriteLine("[*] Pausing execution..");Console.ReadLine();//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Search function by name from module in PEBConsole.WriteLine("[?] Specifying the name of a DLL (\"kernel32.dll\"), search the PEB for the loaded module and resolve a function by walking the export table in-memory...");Console.WriteLine("[+] Search by name --> OpenProcess");IntPtrpkernel32=DynamicInvoke.Generic.GetPebLdrModuleEntry("kernel32.dll");IntPtrpOpenProcess=DynamicInvoke.Generic.GetExportAddress(pkernel32,"OpenProcess");//Call OpenProcesshProc=(IntPtr)DynamicInvoke.Generic.DynamicFunctionInvoke(pOpenProcess,typeof(DynamicInvoke.Win32.Delegates.OpenProcess),refparamaters);Console.WriteLine("[>] Process Handle : "+string.Format("{0:X}",hProc.ToInt64())+"\n");// Pause executionConsole.WriteLine("[*] Pausing execution..");Console.ReadLine();//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Manually map kernel32.dll// Search function by name from module in PEBConsole.WriteLine("[?] Manually map a fresh copy of a DLL (\"kernel32.dll\"), and resolve a function by walking the export table in-memory...");Console.WriteLine("[+] Search by name --> OpenProcess");Data.PE.PE_MANUAL_MAPmoduleDetails=ManualMap.Map.MapModuleToMemory("C:\\Windows\\System32\\kernel32.dll");Console.WriteLine("[>] Module Base : "+string.Format("{0:X}",moduleDetails.ModuleBase.ToInt64())+"\n");//Call OpenProcesshProc=(IntPtr)DynamicInvoke.Generic.CallMappedDLLModuleExport(moduleDetails.PEINFO,moduleDetails.ModuleBase,"OpenProcess",typeof(DynamicInvoke.Win32.Delegates.OpenProcess),paramaters);Console.WriteLine("[>] Process Handle : "+string.Format("{0:X}",hProc.ToInt64())+"\n");// Pause executionConsole.WriteLine("[*] Pausing execution..");Console.ReadLine();//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Map kernel32.dll using Module Overloading// Search function by name from module in PEBConsole.WriteLine("[?] Use Module Overloading to map a fresh copy of a DLL (\"kernel32.dll\") into memory backed by another file on disk. Resolve a function by walking the export table in-memory...");Console.WriteLine("[+] Search by name --> OpenProcess");moduleDetails=ManualMap.Overload.OverloadModule("C:\\Windows\\System32\\kernel32.dll");Console.WriteLine("[>] Module Base : "+string.Format("{0:X}",moduleDetails.ModuleBase.ToInt64())+"\n");//Call OpenProcesshProc=(IntPtr)DynamicInvoke.Generic.CallMappedDLLModuleExport(moduleDetails.PEINFO,moduleDetails.ModuleBase,"OpenProcess",typeof(DynamicInvoke.Win32.Delegates.OpenProcess),paramaters);Console.WriteLine("[>] Process Handle : "+string.Format("{0:X}",hProc.ToInt64())+"\n");// Pause executionConsole.WriteLine("[*] Pausing execution..");Console.ReadLine();//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////Console.WriteLine("[!] Test complete!");// Pause executionConsole.WriteLine("[*] Pausing execution..");Console.ReadLine();}}}

To test that this evaded hooks, we will use the tool API Monitor v2 to hook kernel32.dll!OpenProcess. Then we will run the demo through API Monitor. You may observe which of our calls to OpenProcess were caught in hooks by watching for those that are called with the PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS flag. As you will see, API Monitor successfully catches the API call when it is performed with PInvoke. However, it does NOT succeed when we use DInvoke or Manual Mapping. You may watch the video on Vimeo to see this in action.

SharpSploit: Bypassing API Hooks via DInvoke and Manual Mapping

Credit

• The Wover
• FuzzySec (b33f)
• cobbr