Yeto

Yeto fine-tunes language and diffusion models across cheap, geographically scattered GPU capacity — spot instances, mixed regions, mixed clouds, even mixed hardware families.

 ┌──────────────────────────────┐
│ syncer (hot path) │
│ fragment ingest · RDA merge │
│ Nesterov outer step · bcast │
└──────┬───────┬───────┬───────┘
│ TCP (binary framing, WAN)
┌───────────────┤ ├───────────────┐
┌──────┴──────┐ ┌─────┴───────┐ ┌────┴────────┐
│ learner 0 │ │ learner 1 │ │ learner 2 │ … one island per --gpu entry
│ us-east-2 │ │ us-east-1 │ │ runpod:CA │ (PyTorch, AdamW inner opt)
└─────────────┘ └─────────────┘ └─────────────┘

Quick start

pip install "yeto[launcher] @ ."# pick the fleet yourself…
yeto launch --gpu aws:8xa100@us-east-2,runpod:8xh100@CA \
--model qwen35-9b --data org/chat-traces
# …or let the planner pick it (budget $/hr and/or a TFLOPs target)
yeto launch --model qwen35-9b --data org/chat-traces --budget 40 --confirm
yeto status | logs <run>| down <run># runs detach; Ctrl-C never kills them

• --gpu grammar: cloud:[nodes x]<count>x<gpu>[@region], one entry per learner island.
• Omitting --gpu invokes yeto shape: an exact solver maximizes effective TFLOPs under your budget (or minimizes cost to reach --flops), subject to live spot quotas minus usage, spot placement scores, RunPod stock, and an FSDP memory model of the model. Run yeto shape directly to see the plan, rejected shapes with reasons, and the launch line without launching.
• --data: HF dataset id, local path (jsonl/json/parquet or save_to_disk dir), or any sky-supported object-store URI — non-HF sources ship to learners via SkyPilot file mounts.
• --data-format: normalize OpenAI messages, ShareGPT conversations, or Alpaca instruction/input/output rows into the same chat representation before tokenization. The default, auto, detects the schema per row and reports ambiguous or malformed rows with their row number.
• QLoRA uses --tuning lora --base-quantization nf4 --shard ddp. It stores the frozen base in bitsandbytes NF4 with double quantization and bf16 compute; pass --gpu explicitly while the fleet planner's QLoRA memory model is being calibrated.
• Existing causal LoRA SFT artifacts can be continued with --resume-from when the recorded model, data, and recipe match, or used as a new lineage with --branch-from. yeto merge --max-shard-size 2GB ... safely folds an adapter into its base and writes deployment-ready SafeTensors shards. See docs/ADAPTER_LIFECYCLE.md.
• --wandb: stream the fleet to Weights & Biases — one W&B group per run, one run per learner island plus one fed by the syncer's event tape, so per-island staleness, contribution, and quorum/grace timings are curves instead of a log grep. Off by default; see docs/WANDB.md.
• --output: any sky-supported store URI or hf://org/repo — the head fetches the model from the winning learner, uploads it, and terminates itself (fully self-cleaning run). Local path or omitted: the artifact stays on the head and the head is kept up.
• --model: any HF id (private repos work with HF_TOKEN), or an alias below.
• Learners default to spot; the head VM (syncer + fleet controller) is a small on-demand box whose checkpoint/resume absorbs preemptions. The submitting machine can disconnect after launch.

Architecture

Fleets launch via the SkyPilot SDK; asynchronous synchronization is based on Decoupled DiLoCo (Douillard et al., arXiv 2604.21428): the syncer merges parameter fragments from independent learner islands (quorum + adaptive grace, token-weighted RDA, Nesterov outer step), so slow links and preempted islands never block training.

One protocol, one syncer, four learner backends. Every backend speaks the same fragment protocol and runs the same DiLoCo step boundary — the pull/merge/α-blend/push loop lives in one shared module (yeto/diloco_sync.py), so protocol changes land once and apply everywhere.

backend	selector	scope
PyTorch (FSDP2/DDP)	default	causal LM, LoRA/full
Diffusers	--model-kind diffusion	image/video LoRA
Megatron-Core	--island-backend megatron	EP islands for 1T-class MoE
MLX	--external-learners	Apple-silicon islands

Hardware families are isolated behind yeto/accel.py (CUDA / Ascend NPU policy functions) rather than device.type branches in shared code. The terminal contract — budget cutoff, authoritative final cut, checkpoint marking — is shared by all backends (finalization.py, budget_finalization.py, final_marker.py).

Supported models

Aliases are sugar over yeto/models.py (this table is generated by scripts/gen_model_table.py; a test keeps them in sync). "Min island VRAM" is the frozen-base footprint an island's GPUs must jointly hold (bf16 base, LoRA) — add ~8 GB per GPU for activations/overhead, ×8 for full tuning; "(Hub)" means the size is resolved from safetensors metadata at plan time.

Tested — a completed Yeto fine-tuning run on real hardware:

alias	Hugging Face id	min island VRAM (GB)
deepseek4flash	deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V4-Flash	568
qwen3-0.6b	Qwen/Qwen3-0.6B	(Hub)
qwen36-27b	Qwen/Qwen3.6-27B	54
kimi-k3	moonshotai/Kimi-K3	(Hub)
glm52	zai-org/GLM-5.2	1488
laguna-s-2.1	poolside/Laguna-S-2.1	(Hub)

All other supported aliases (untested)

alias	Hugging Face id	min island VRAM (GB)
gemma4	google/gemma-4-12B-it	66
qwen3-8b	Qwen/Qwen3-8B	17
qwen35-4b	Qwen/Qwen3.5-4B	8
qwen35-9b	Qwen/Qwen3.5-9B	18
qwen35-9b-base	Qwen/Qwen3.5-9B-Base	18
qwen35-35b-a3b	Qwen/Qwen3.5-35B-A3B-Base	70
qwen35-397b-a17b	Qwen/Qwen3.5-397B-A17B	794
qwen36-35b-a3b	Qwen/Qwen3.6-35B-A3B	70
llama32-1b	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B	3
llama32-3b	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-3B	7
llama31-8b	meta-llama/Llama-3.1-8B	16
llama31-8b-it	meta-llama/Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct	16
llama31-70b	meta-llama/Llama-3.1-70B	141
llama33-70b-it	meta-llama/Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct	141
gptoss-20b	openai/gpt-oss-20b	42
gptoss-120b	openai/gpt-oss-120b	234
kimi-k2-thinking	moonshotai/Kimi-K2-Thinking	2060
kimi-k25	moonshotai/Kimi-K2.5	2060
kimi-k26	moonshotai/Kimi-K2.6	2060
deepseek31	deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V3.1	1343
deepseek-r1	deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1	1343
deepseek4pro	deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V4-Pro	3200
nemotron3-nano	nvidia/NVIDIA-Nemotron-3-Nano-30B-A3B-BF16	61
nemotron3-super	nvidia/NVIDIA-Nemotron-3-Super-120B-A12B-BF16	240
nemotron3-ultra	nvidia/NVIDIA-Nemotron-3-Ultra-550B-A55B-BF16	1100
glm45-air	zai-org/GLM-4.5-Air	212
glm46	zai-org/GLM-4.6	714
llama4-scout	meta-llama/Llama-4-Scout-17B-16E-Instruct	218
llama4-maverick	meta-llama/Llama-4-Maverick-17B-128E-Instruct	800
qwen3-coder-480b	Qwen/Qwen3-Coder-480B-A35B-Instruct	960
minimax-m2	MiniMaxAI/MiniMax-M2	460
minimax-m3	MiniMaxAI/MiniMax-M3	(Hub)
kimi-k27-code	moonshotai/Kimi-K2.7-Code	(Hub)
mistral-small3	mistralai/Mistral-Small-3.2-24B-Instruct-2506	48
ornith-9b	deepreinforce-ai/Ornith-1.0-9B	19
ornith-31b	deepreinforce-ai/Ornith-1.0-31B	62
ornith-35b	deepreinforce-ai/Ornith-1.0-35B	70
ornith-397b	deepreinforce-ai/Ornith-1.0-397B	794
lfm25-230m	LiquidAI/LFM2.5-230M	0.5
lfm25-1b	LiquidAI/LFM2.5-1.2B-Instruct	3
lfm25-8b-a1b	LiquidAI/LFM2.5-8B-A1B	17
vibethinker-15b	WeiboAI/VibeThinker-1.5B	3
vibethinker-3b	WeiboAI/VibeThinker-3B	6
deepseek4flash-bf16	RedHatAI/DeepSeek-V4-Flash-BF16	568
deepseek31-bf16	unsloth/DeepSeek-V3.1-BF16	1343
deepseek-r1-bf16	unsloth/DeepSeek-R1-BF16	1343
gptoss-20b-bf16	axolotl-ai-co/gpt-oss-20b-dequantized	42
gptoss-120b-bf16	axolotl-ai-co/gpt-oss-120b-dequantized	234
kimi-k2-thinking-bf16	unsloth/Kimi-K2-Thinking-BF16	2060
deepseek31-base-bf16	unsloth/DeepSeek-V3.1-Base-BF16	1343
kimi-k2-base-bf16	unsloth/Kimi-K2-Base-BF16	2060

Docs

docs/DESIGN.md — merge math, blending, adaptive grace, delta correction, q4 wire format, snapshots, resilience. docs/PROTOCOL.md — the learner↔syncer wire protocol. docs/PROVENANCE.md — source pinning, attestation, and artifact provenance. docs/ADAPTER_LIFECYCLE.md — strict causal LoRA SFT resume, intentional branching, safe base-model merge, and export sharding. docs/DIFFUSION.md — the generic Diffusers image/video backend, data and conditioning contracts, external adapters, export, sampling, validation, and current limitations. docs/MEGATRON.md — the Megatron-Core island backend (EP for 1T-class MoE; runs inside the NGC NeMo container). docs/MLX.md — the Apple-silicon island backend: Macs as learner islands (yeto launch --external-learners, cross Mac↔NVIDIA runs). docs/ASCEND.md — Ascend NPU islands: the accelerator abstraction, the refused CUDA-only paths, and running a pure-Ascend fleet. docs/A100_KERNELS.md — opt-in causal attention/model kernels, correctness gates, pinned dependencies, and the standalone 8xA100 throughput and memory benchmark. docs/LM_BENCHMARK.md — standalone equal-hardware causal-LM benchmark contract, workload controls, complete arm and metric tables, and reproducibility rules. docs/DIFFUSION_BENCHMARK.md — standalone equal-hardware diffusion benchmark contract, media controls, complete arm and metric tables, and reproducibility rules. docs/BENCHMARK_RESULTS.md — aggregate and per-seed results for the completed Qwen3.6, LTX-Video, and Wan2.2 benchmarks. docs/MILES_RL.md — fixed-roster Miles RL across causal-LM LoRA islands: rollout/training boundaries, recovery, export, and limitations. docs/CYBERGYM_RL.md — experimental local PPO and the CyberGym reward integration used for real environment evaluation. docs/RL_BENCHMARK.md — equal-hardware native Miles, single-island Yeto, and federated Yeto RL benchmark contract and runner. docs/RL_SSH_ACCEPTANCE.md — direct existing-host deployment, failure injection, artifact collection, and f32 AVG verification. docs/WANDB.md — opt-in W&B telemetry: the group/run topology for a fleet, the metric tables, the debugging map, and the failure policy.

Testing and CI

python3 -m pytest tests/ # includes a real syncer+learner loop
(cd syncer && cargo test)

CI runs three jobs on every PR and push to main: the Rust syncer suite, the Python suite on CPU, and a GPU smoke test on a self-hosted runner ([self-hosted, gpu] labels) — the real syncer plus two real learners training SmolLM2-135M on CUDA, with event-tape assertions that every outer step merged pushed deltas from both learners.

Four heavier harnesses (all support --dry-run):

# smoke every supported model with the auto fleet planner, tiered by
# size; sequential, self-cleaning, writes a pass/fail report
python scripts/smoke_models.py --tier small --dry-run
# causal-LM quality check against equal-hardware synchronous baselines
python scripts/compare_diloco.py --data <chat.jsonl> --settings all --dry-run
# Miles RL quality check: native, one Yeto island, and federated Yeto
python scripts/benchmark_rl.py <model/data/reward arguments> --dry-run
# diffusion quality check with an explicit, fixed media shape
python scripts/benchmark_diffusion_diloco.py \
--model Lightricks/LTX-Video --data <media-dataset> \
--height 512 --width 512 --settings all --dry-run