Segfault in cut_from_graph with specific inputs #12

Description

@Erotemic

(I'm not sure if this is the correct repo to submit this issue. There seem to be 3 versions of the rpo out there, and I don't see an original repo for GCO itself)

I've found a specific set of inputs that causes a segfault in pygco.cut_from_graph.

I wrote a script to demonstrate this and attempt to work down the case to a minimal cause. Unfortunately I've been unable to identify the cause.

However, I did find one (unrelated) easy to fix segfault that happens when you specify an edge index that is out of bounds. This is also in the test script.

The script defines a function for each test case, and then runs them in the main part.
There are several tests for what I thought might be causing the issue, but those ideas turn out to be wrong.

The final test is the smallest version of the error I could reproduce. In this test, removing any of the edges suppresses the error. Then when running with all edges the segfault occurs.


import numpy as np
import pygco
def original_data():
# Original data that cause segfault
unary_cost = np.array([[0, 0],
[0, 0],
[0, 0],
[0, 0],
[0, 0],
[0, 0],
[0, 0],
[0, 0],
[0, 0],
[0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
pairwise_cost = np.array([[-1, 0],
[ 0, -1]], dtype=np.int32)
edges = np.array([[ 0, 5, -18],
[ 0, 6, -19],
[ 0, 8, -20],
[ 0, 3, -18],
[ 0, 1, -21],
[ 1, 4, -20],
[ 1, 6, -17],
[ 1, 7, -20],
[ 1, 8, -17],
[ 1, 3, -1],
[ 2, 4, 6],
[ 2, 7, -14],
[ 2, 1, 0],
[ 3, 4, -21],
[ 3, 6, -18],
[ 3, 8, -20],
[ 4, 5, 0],
[ 4, 1, 0],
[ 5, 4, 24],
[ 5, 7, -15],
[ 5, 8, -2],
[ 5, 3, -18],
[ 6, 5, 24],
[ 6, 4, -8],
[ 6, 0, 0],
[ 6, 8, 24],
[ 6, 2, 11],
[ 7, 3, 0],
[ 7, 4, 14],
[ 7, 5, 0],
[ 7, 6, 0],
[ 7, 8, 29],
[ 7, 9, -4],
[ 8, 4, 15],
[ 8, 6, 0], # REMOVING THIS ROW WILL ALSO REMOVE THE SEGFAULT
[ 8, 2, 19],
[ 8, 9, 8],
[ 9, 4, -5],
[ 9, 6, -6],
[ 9, 2, 2],
[ 9, 3, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
return unary_cost, pairwise_cost, edges
def original_case_segfault():
print('--- TESTING ORIGINAL CASE ---')
unary_cost, pairwise_cost, edges = original_data()
cutkw = {'algorithm': 'expansion', 'n_iter': 5}
# This will sefault.
print('About to segfault on the original case.')
labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost,
**cutkw)
print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
def original_case_fix():
print('--- TESTING FIX ORIGINAL CASE ---')
unary_cost, pairwise_cost, edges = original_data()
# Try changing to upper triangular
edge_utri = edges.copy()
flag = edge_utri.T[0] > edge_utri.T[1]
edge_utri[flag, 0:2] = edge_utri[flag].T[0:2][::-1].T
edge_utri = edge_utri[np.lexsort(edge_utri.T[::-1])]
edge_utri = np.ascontiguousarray(edge_utri)
# Removing spurious 0 weighted egdges seems to fix it.
# BUT IT TURN SOUT THIS IS ONLY A SIDE EFFECT
from collections import defaultdict # NOQA
uv_list = edge_utri.T[0:2].T
groups = defaultdict(list)
for idx, uv in enumerate(uv_list):
val = edge_utri[idx, 2]
# Ah there were duplicates with zero values!
if val != 0:
group = groups[tuple(uv.tolist())]
# Removing them fixes it.
group.append(val)
assert len(group) == 1, 'should only ever add to a group once'
else:
print('Removed uv = %r' % (uv,))
edges_fixed = np.array([[u, v, val_[0]] for (u, v), val_ in groups.items()])
edges_fixed = edges_fixed[np.lexsort(edges_fixed.T[::-1])].astype(np.int32)
edges_fixed = np.ascontiguousarray(edges_fixed)
#print('edge_utri =\n%r' % (edge_utri,))
#print('edges_fixed =\n%r' % (edges_fixed,))
labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges_fixed, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
# VERYIFY MINIMAL TEST CASE
def test_zero_duplicate_idea():
print('--- TESTING ZERO DUPLICATE IDEA (Not the cause) ---')
unary_cost = np.array([[0, 0],
[0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
pairwise_cost = np.array([[-1, 0],
[ 0, -1]], dtype=np.int32)
edges = np.array([[ 0, 1, -100]], dtype=np.int32)
labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
print('If my idea that having a duplicate edge with a 0 weight caused'
' segfaults was right then this would segfault'
' but it does not')
edges = np.array([[ 0, 1, -100],
[ 1, 0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
edges = np.array([[ 0, 1, 100],
[ 0, 1, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
print('... This idea is not the problem!')
def test_impossible_case_idea():
print('--- TESTING IMPOSSIBLE CASE IDEA ---')
unary_cost = np.array([[0, 0],
[0, 0],
[0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
pairwise_cost = np.array([[-1, 0],
[ 0, -1]], dtype=np.int32)
edges = np.array([[ 0, 1, -100],
[ 0, 2, -100]], dtype=np.int32)
labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
edges = np.array([[ 0, 1, -100],
[ 2, 0, -100],
[ 0, 2, -100]], dtype=np.int32)
labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
print('... This idea is not the problem!')
def unrelated_segfault_case_edge_idx_out_of_bounds():
print('--- TESTING (UNRELATED) EDGE IDX OUT OF BOUNDS ---')
unary_cost = np.array([[0, 0],
[0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
pairwise_cost = np.array([[-1, 0],
[ 0, -1]], dtype=np.int32)
edges = np.empty((0, 3), dtype=np.int32)
print('Initially works')
labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
print('Add an out of bounds edge and it segfaults')
edges = np.array([[1, 3]], dtype=np.int32)
print('ABOUT TO SEGFAULT!')
labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
def minimal_case_noclue_why():
print('--- TESTING MINIMAL SEGFAULT CASE ---')
unary_cost = np.array([[0, 0],
[0, 0],
[0, 0],
[0, 0],
[0, 0],
[0, 0],
[0, 0],
[0, 0],
[0, 0],
[0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
pairwise_cost = np.array([[-1, 0],
[ 0, -1]], dtype=np.int32)
print('removing any one of these edges will stop the segfault')
edges = np.array([[ 0, 6, -19],
[ 1, 6, -17],
[ 3, 6, -18],
[ 6, 5, 24],
[ 6, 4, -8],
[ 6, 0, 0],
[ 6, 8, 24],
[ 6, 2, 11],
[ 7, 6, 0],
[ 8, 6, 0],
[ 9, 6, -6]], dtype=np.int32)
cutkw = {'algorithm': 'expansion', 'n_iter': 5}
print('Testing by removing each edge.')
flags = np.ones(len(edges), dtype=np.int)
for idx in range(len(edges)):
flags[idx] = 0
edges_ = edges.compress(flags, axis=0)
labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges_, unary_cost, pairwise_cost,
**cutkw)
print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
# This will sefault.
print('BUT when all edges are included it will segfault')
print('About to segfault. I dont know why.')
labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost,
**cutkw)
print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
if __name__ == '__main__':
if False:
# Test the original case
original_case_segfault()
else:
print('skipping original segfault case')
# I found a simple fix to the original case that does not alter it
original_case_fix()
# I had ideas as to what cause the segfaults but they were wrong
test_zero_duplicate_idea()
test_impossible_case_idea()
if False:
# Found a SECOND simple segfault case, but probably unrelated
unrelated_segfault_case_edge_idx_out_of_bounds()
else:
print('skipping second segfault case')
if 1:
# This is a minimal version of the original case
minimal_case_noclue_why()
else:
print('skipping minimal error case')

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      })();
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      try {
      var __m = "github.com";
      var __re = new RegExp('^' + "github\\.com" + '
      
      Skip to content

      Segfault in cut_from_graph with specific inputs #12

      Description

      @Erotemic

      (I'm not sure if this is the correct repo to submit this issue. There seem to be 3 versions of the rpo out there, and I don't see an original repo for GCO itself)

      I've found a specific set of inputs that causes a segfault in pygco.cut_from_graph.

      I wrote a script to demonstrate this and attempt to work down the case to a minimal cause. Unfortunately I've been unable to identify the cause.

      However, I did find one (unrelated) easy to fix segfault that happens when you specify an edge index that is out of bounds. This is also in the test script.

      The script defines a function for each test case, and then runs them in the main part.
      There are several tests for what I thought might be causing the issue, but those ideas turn out to be wrong.

      The final test is the smallest version of the error I could reproduce. In this test, removing any of the edges suppresses the error. Then when running with all edges the segfault occurs.

      
      import numpy as np
      import pygco
      def original_data():
      # Original data that cause segfault
      unary_cost = np.array([[0, 0],
      [0, 0],
      [0, 0],
      [0, 0],
      [0, 0],
      [0, 0],
      [0, 0],
      [0, 0],
      [0, 0],
      [0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
      pairwise_cost = np.array([[-1, 0],
      [ 0, -1]], dtype=np.int32)
      edges = np.array([[ 0, 5, -18],
      [ 0, 6, -19],
      [ 0, 8, -20],
      [ 0, 3, -18],
      [ 0, 1, -21],
      [ 1, 4, -20],
      [ 1, 6, -17],
      [ 1, 7, -20],
      [ 1, 8, -17],
      [ 1, 3, -1],
      [ 2, 4, 6],
      [ 2, 7, -14],
      [ 2, 1, 0],
      [ 3, 4, -21],
      [ 3, 6, -18],
      [ 3, 8, -20],
      [ 4, 5, 0],
      [ 4, 1, 0],
      [ 5, 4, 24],
      [ 5, 7, -15],
      [ 5, 8, -2],
      [ 5, 3, -18],
      [ 6, 5, 24],
      [ 6, 4, -8],
      [ 6, 0, 0],
      [ 6, 8, 24],
      [ 6, 2, 11],
      [ 7, 3, 0],
      [ 7, 4, 14],
      [ 7, 5, 0],
      [ 7, 6, 0],
      [ 7, 8, 29],
      [ 7, 9, -4],
      [ 8, 4, 15],
      [ 8, 6, 0], # REMOVING THIS ROW WILL ALSO REMOVE THE SEGFAULT
      [ 8, 2, 19],
      [ 8, 9, 8],
      [ 9, 4, -5],
      [ 9, 6, -6],
      [ 9, 2, 2],
      [ 9, 3, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
      return unary_cost, pairwise_cost, edges
      def original_case_segfault():
      print('--- TESTING ORIGINAL CASE ---')
      unary_cost, pairwise_cost, edges = original_data()
      cutkw = {'algorithm': 'expansion', 'n_iter': 5}
      # This will sefault.
      print('About to segfault on the original case.')
      labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost,
      **cutkw)
      print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
      def original_case_fix():
      print('--- TESTING FIX ORIGINAL CASE ---')
      unary_cost, pairwise_cost, edges = original_data()
      # Try changing to upper triangular
      edge_utri = edges.copy()
      flag = edge_utri.T[0] > edge_utri.T[1]
      edge_utri[flag, 0:2] = edge_utri[flag].T[0:2][::-1].T
      edge_utri = edge_utri[np.lexsort(edge_utri.T[::-1])]
      edge_utri = np.ascontiguousarray(edge_utri)
      # Removing spurious 0 weighted egdges seems to fix it.
      # BUT IT TURN SOUT THIS IS ONLY A SIDE EFFECT
      from collections import defaultdict # NOQA
      uv_list = edge_utri.T[0:2].T
      groups = defaultdict(list)
      for idx, uv in enumerate(uv_list):
      val = edge_utri[idx, 2]
      # Ah there were duplicates with zero values!
      if val != 0:
      group = groups[tuple(uv.tolist())]
      # Removing them fixes it.
      group.append(val)
      assert len(group) == 1, 'should only ever add to a group once'
      else:
      print('Removed uv = %r' % (uv,))
      edges_fixed = np.array([[u, v, val_[0]] for (u, v), val_ in groups.items()])
      edges_fixed = edges_fixed[np.lexsort(edges_fixed.T[::-1])].astype(np.int32)
      edges_fixed = np.ascontiguousarray(edges_fixed)
      #print('edge_utri =\n%r' % (edge_utri,))
      #print('edges_fixed =\n%r' % (edges_fixed,))
      labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges_fixed, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
      print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
      # VERYIFY MINIMAL TEST CASE
      def test_zero_duplicate_idea():
      print('--- TESTING ZERO DUPLICATE IDEA (Not the cause) ---')
      unary_cost = np.array([[0, 0],
      [0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
      pairwise_cost = np.array([[-1, 0],
      [ 0, -1]], dtype=np.int32)
      edges = np.array([[ 0, 1, -100]], dtype=np.int32)
      labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
      print('If my idea that having a duplicate edge with a 0 weight caused'
      ' segfaults was right then this would segfault'
      ' but it does not')
      edges = np.array([[ 0, 1, -100],
      [ 1, 0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
      labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
      edges = np.array([[ 0, 1, 100],
      [ 0, 1, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
      labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
      print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
      print('... This idea is not the problem!')
      def test_impossible_case_idea():
      print('--- TESTING IMPOSSIBLE CASE IDEA ---')
      unary_cost = np.array([[0, 0],
      [0, 0],
      [0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
      pairwise_cost = np.array([[-1, 0],
      [ 0, -1]], dtype=np.int32)
      edges = np.array([[ 0, 1, -100],
      [ 0, 2, -100]], dtype=np.int32)
      labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
      edges = np.array([[ 0, 1, -100],
      [ 2, 0, -100],
      [ 0, 2, -100]], dtype=np.int32)
      labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
      print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
      print('... This idea is not the problem!')
      def unrelated_segfault_case_edge_idx_out_of_bounds():
      print('--- TESTING (UNRELATED) EDGE IDX OUT OF BOUNDS ---')
      unary_cost = np.array([[0, 0],
      [0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
      pairwise_cost = np.array([[-1, 0],
      [ 0, -1]], dtype=np.int32)
      edges = np.empty((0, 3), dtype=np.int32)
      print('Initially works')
      labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
      print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
      print('Add an out of bounds edge and it segfaults')
      edges = np.array([[1, 3]], dtype=np.int32)
      print('ABOUT TO SEGFAULT!')
      labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
      def minimal_case_noclue_why():
      print('--- TESTING MINIMAL SEGFAULT CASE ---')
      unary_cost = np.array([[0, 0],
      [0, 0],
      [0, 0],
      [0, 0],
      [0, 0],
      [0, 0],
      [0, 0],
      [0, 0],
      [0, 0],
      [0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
      pairwise_cost = np.array([[-1, 0],
      [ 0, -1]], dtype=np.int32)
      print('removing any one of these edges will stop the segfault')
      edges = np.array([[ 0, 6, -19],
      [ 1, 6, -17],
      [ 3, 6, -18],
      [ 6, 5, 24],
      [ 6, 4, -8],
      [ 6, 0, 0],
      [ 6, 8, 24],
      [ 6, 2, 11],
      [ 7, 6, 0],
      [ 8, 6, 0],
      [ 9, 6, -6]], dtype=np.int32)
      cutkw = {'algorithm': 'expansion', 'n_iter': 5}
      print('Testing by removing each edge.')
      flags = np.ones(len(edges), dtype=np.int)
      for idx in range(len(edges)):
      flags[idx] = 0
      edges_ = edges.compress(flags, axis=0)
      labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges_, unary_cost, pairwise_cost,
      **cutkw)
      print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
      # This will sefault.
      print('BUT when all edges are included it will segfault')
      print('About to segfault. I dont know why.')
      labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost,
      **cutkw)
      print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
      if __name__ == '__main__':
      if False:
      # Test the original case
      original_case_segfault()
      else:
      print('skipping original segfault case')
      # I found a simple fix to the original case that does not alter it
      original_case_fix()
      # I had ideas as to what cause the segfaults but they were wrong
      test_zero_duplicate_idea()
      test_impossible_case_idea()
      if False:
      # Found a SECOND simple segfault case, but probably unrelated
      unrelated_segfault_case_edge_idx_out_of_bounds()
      else:
      print('skipping second segfault case')
      if 1:
      # This is a minimal version of the original case
      minimal_case_noclue_why()
      else:
      print('skipping minimal error case')
      

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          Skip to content

          Segfault in cut_from_graph with specific inputs #12

          Description

          @Erotemic

          (I'm not sure if this is the correct repo to submit this issue. There seem to be 3 versions of the rpo out there, and I don't see an original repo for GCO itself)

          I've found a specific set of inputs that causes a segfault in pygco.cut_from_graph.

          I wrote a script to demonstrate this and attempt to work down the case to a minimal cause. Unfortunately I've been unable to identify the cause.

          However, I did find one (unrelated) easy to fix segfault that happens when you specify an edge index that is out of bounds. This is also in the test script.

          The script defines a function for each test case, and then runs them in the main part.
          There are several tests for what I thought might be causing the issue, but those ideas turn out to be wrong.

          The final test is the smallest version of the error I could reproduce. In this test, removing any of the edges suppresses the error. Then when running with all edges the segfault occurs.

          
          import numpy as np
          import pygco
          def original_data():
          # Original data that cause segfault
          unary_cost = np.array([[0, 0],
          [0, 0],
          [0, 0],
          [0, 0],
          [0, 0],
          [0, 0],
          [0, 0],
          [0, 0],
          [0, 0],
          [0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
          pairwise_cost = np.array([[-1, 0],
          [ 0, -1]], dtype=np.int32)
          edges = np.array([[ 0, 5, -18],
          [ 0, 6, -19],
          [ 0, 8, -20],
          [ 0, 3, -18],
          [ 0, 1, -21],
          [ 1, 4, -20],
          [ 1, 6, -17],
          [ 1, 7, -20],
          [ 1, 8, -17],
          [ 1, 3, -1],
          [ 2, 4, 6],
          [ 2, 7, -14],
          [ 2, 1, 0],
          [ 3, 4, -21],
          [ 3, 6, -18],
          [ 3, 8, -20],
          [ 4, 5, 0],
          [ 4, 1, 0],
          [ 5, 4, 24],
          [ 5, 7, -15],
          [ 5, 8, -2],
          [ 5, 3, -18],
          [ 6, 5, 24],
          [ 6, 4, -8],
          [ 6, 0, 0],
          [ 6, 8, 24],
          [ 6, 2, 11],
          [ 7, 3, 0],
          [ 7, 4, 14],
          [ 7, 5, 0],
          [ 7, 6, 0],
          [ 7, 8, 29],
          [ 7, 9, -4],
          [ 8, 4, 15],
          [ 8, 6, 0], # REMOVING THIS ROW WILL ALSO REMOVE THE SEGFAULT
          [ 8, 2, 19],
          [ 8, 9, 8],
          [ 9, 4, -5],
          [ 9, 6, -6],
          [ 9, 2, 2],
          [ 9, 3, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
          return unary_cost, pairwise_cost, edges
          def original_case_segfault():
          print('--- TESTING ORIGINAL CASE ---')
          unary_cost, pairwise_cost, edges = original_data()
          cutkw = {'algorithm': 'expansion', 'n_iter': 5}
          # This will sefault.
          print('About to segfault on the original case.')
          labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost,
          **cutkw)
          print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
          def original_case_fix():
          print('--- TESTING FIX ORIGINAL CASE ---')
          unary_cost, pairwise_cost, edges = original_data()
          # Try changing to upper triangular
          edge_utri = edges.copy()
          flag = edge_utri.T[0] > edge_utri.T[1]
          edge_utri[flag, 0:2] = edge_utri[flag].T[0:2][::-1].T
          edge_utri = edge_utri[np.lexsort(edge_utri.T[::-1])]
          edge_utri = np.ascontiguousarray(edge_utri)
          # Removing spurious 0 weighted egdges seems to fix it.
          # BUT IT TURN SOUT THIS IS ONLY A SIDE EFFECT
          from collections import defaultdict # NOQA
          uv_list = edge_utri.T[0:2].T
          groups = defaultdict(list)
          for idx, uv in enumerate(uv_list):
          val = edge_utri[idx, 2]
          # Ah there were duplicates with zero values!
          if val != 0:
          group = groups[tuple(uv.tolist())]
          # Removing them fixes it.
          group.append(val)
          assert len(group) == 1, 'should only ever add to a group once'
          else:
          print('Removed uv = %r' % (uv,))
          edges_fixed = np.array([[u, v, val_[0]] for (u, v), val_ in groups.items()])
          edges_fixed = edges_fixed[np.lexsort(edges_fixed.T[::-1])].astype(np.int32)
          edges_fixed = np.ascontiguousarray(edges_fixed)
          #print('edge_utri =\n%r' % (edge_utri,))
          #print('edges_fixed =\n%r' % (edges_fixed,))
          labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges_fixed, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
          print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
          # VERYIFY MINIMAL TEST CASE
          def test_zero_duplicate_idea():
          print('--- TESTING ZERO DUPLICATE IDEA (Not the cause) ---')
          unary_cost = np.array([[0, 0],
          [0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
          pairwise_cost = np.array([[-1, 0],
          [ 0, -1]], dtype=np.int32)
          edges = np.array([[ 0, 1, -100]], dtype=np.int32)
          labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
          print('If my idea that having a duplicate edge with a 0 weight caused'
          ' segfaults was right then this would segfault'
          ' but it does not')
          edges = np.array([[ 0, 1, -100],
          [ 1, 0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
          labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
          edges = np.array([[ 0, 1, 100],
          [ 0, 1, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
          labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
          print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
          print('... This idea is not the problem!')
          def test_impossible_case_idea():
          print('--- TESTING IMPOSSIBLE CASE IDEA ---')
          unary_cost = np.array([[0, 0],
          [0, 0],
          [0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
          pairwise_cost = np.array([[-1, 0],
          [ 0, -1]], dtype=np.int32)
          edges = np.array([[ 0, 1, -100],
          [ 0, 2, -100]], dtype=np.int32)
          labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
          edges = np.array([[ 0, 1, -100],
          [ 2, 0, -100],
          [ 0, 2, -100]], dtype=np.int32)
          labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
          print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
          print('... This idea is not the problem!')
          def unrelated_segfault_case_edge_idx_out_of_bounds():
          print('--- TESTING (UNRELATED) EDGE IDX OUT OF BOUNDS ---')
          unary_cost = np.array([[0, 0],
          [0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
          pairwise_cost = np.array([[-1, 0],
          [ 0, -1]], dtype=np.int32)
          edges = np.empty((0, 3), dtype=np.int32)
          print('Initially works')
          labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
          print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
          print('Add an out of bounds edge and it segfaults')
          edges = np.array([[1, 3]], dtype=np.int32)
          print('ABOUT TO SEGFAULT!')
          labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
          def minimal_case_noclue_why():
          print('--- TESTING MINIMAL SEGFAULT CASE ---')
          unary_cost = np.array([[0, 0],
          [0, 0],
          [0, 0],
          [0, 0],
          [0, 0],
          [0, 0],
          [0, 0],
          [0, 0],
          [0, 0],
          [0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
          pairwise_cost = np.array([[-1, 0],
          [ 0, -1]], dtype=np.int32)
          print('removing any one of these edges will stop the segfault')
          edges = np.array([[ 0, 6, -19],
          [ 1, 6, -17],
          [ 3, 6, -18],
          [ 6, 5, 24],
          [ 6, 4, -8],
          [ 6, 0, 0],
          [ 6, 8, 24],
          [ 6, 2, 11],
          [ 7, 6, 0],
          [ 8, 6, 0],
          [ 9, 6, -6]], dtype=np.int32)
          cutkw = {'algorithm': 'expansion', 'n_iter': 5}
          print('Testing by removing each edge.')
          flags = np.ones(len(edges), dtype=np.int)
          for idx in range(len(edges)):
          flags[idx] = 0
          edges_ = edges.compress(flags, axis=0)
          labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges_, unary_cost, pairwise_cost,
          **cutkw)
          print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
          # This will sefault.
          print('BUT when all edges are included it will segfault')
          print('About to segfault. I dont know why.')
          labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost,
          **cutkw)
          print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
          if __name__ == '__main__':
          if False:
          # Test the original case
          original_case_segfault()
          else:
          print('skipping original segfault case')
          # I found a simple fix to the original case that does not alter it
          original_case_fix()
          # I had ideas as to what cause the segfaults but they were wrong
          test_zero_duplicate_idea()
          test_impossible_case_idea()
          if False:
          # Found a SECOND simple segfault case, but probably unrelated
          unrelated_segfault_case_edge_idx_out_of_bounds()
          else:
          print('skipping second segfault case')
          if 1:
          # This is a minimal version of the original case
          minimal_case_noclue_why()
          else:
          print('skipping minimal error case')
          

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              , 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { injectUserscript("// Highlight search terms from Google/DuckDuckGo/Bing referrer\n(function() {\n var ref = document.referrer;\n var terms = [];\n \n if (ref.includes('google.com') || ref.includes('duckduckgo.com') || ref.includes('bing.com')) {\n var url = new URL(ref);\n var q = url.searchParams.get('q') || url.searchParams.get('p');\n if (q) {\n terms = q.split(/\\s+/).filter(function(t) { return t.length > 2; });\n }\n }\n \n if (terms.length === 0) return;\n \n var style = document.createElement('style');\n style.textContent = '.userscript-highlight { background: #fbbf24; color: #1a1a2e; padding: 1px 3px; border-radius: 2px; }';\n document.head.appendChild(style);\n \n function highlight(node) {\n if (node.nodeType === 3) { // text node\n var text = node.textContent;\n var found = false;\n terms.forEach(function(term) {\n var regex = new RegExp('(' + term.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\\]\\\\]/g, '\\\\') + ')', 'gi');\n if (regex.test(text)) {\n found = true;\n var frag = document.createDocumentFragment();\n var parts = text.split(regex);\n parts.forEach(function(part, i) {\n if (i % 2 === 0) {\n frag.appendChild(document.createTextNode(part));\n } else {\n var span = document.createElement('span');\n span.className = 'userscript-highlight';\n span.textContent = part;\n frag.appendChild(span);\n }\n });\n node.parentNode.replaceChild(frag, node);\n }\n });\n } else if (node.nodeType === 1 && node.childNodes) { // element\n var skipTags = ['SCRIPT', 'STYLE', 'NOSCRIPT', 'TEXTAREA', 'INPUT', 'SELECT'];\n if (!skipTags.includes(node.tagName)) {\n Array.from(node.childNodes).forEach(highlight);\n }\n }\n }\n \n highlight(document.body);\n \n // Re-highlight on dynamic content\n var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {\n mutations.forEach(function(m) {\n m.addedNodes.forEach(function(node) {\n if (node.nodeType === 1 || node.nodeType === 3) highlight(node);\n });\n });\n });\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });\n})();", "Highlight Search Terms"); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Highlight Search Terms]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "*"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '
              Skip to content

              Segfault in cut_from_graph with specific inputs #12

              Description

              @Erotemic

              (I'm not sure if this is the correct repo to submit this issue. There seem to be 3 versions of the rpo out there, and I don't see an original repo for GCO itself)

              I've found a specific set of inputs that causes a segfault in pygco.cut_from_graph.

              I wrote a script to demonstrate this and attempt to work down the case to a minimal cause. Unfortunately I've been unable to identify the cause.

              However, I did find one (unrelated) easy to fix segfault that happens when you specify an edge index that is out of bounds. This is also in the test script.

              The script defines a function for each test case, and then runs them in the main part.
              There are several tests for what I thought might be causing the issue, but those ideas turn out to be wrong.

              The final test is the smallest version of the error I could reproduce. In this test, removing any of the edges suppresses the error. Then when running with all edges the segfault occurs.

              
              import numpy as np
              import pygco
              def original_data():
              # Original data that cause segfault
              unary_cost = np.array([[0, 0],
              [0, 0],
              [0, 0],
              [0, 0],
              [0, 0],
              [0, 0],
              [0, 0],
              [0, 0],
              [0, 0],
              [0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
              pairwise_cost = np.array([[-1, 0],
              [ 0, -1]], dtype=np.int32)
              edges = np.array([[ 0, 5, -18],
              [ 0, 6, -19],
              [ 0, 8, -20],
              [ 0, 3, -18],
              [ 0, 1, -21],
              [ 1, 4, -20],
              [ 1, 6, -17],
              [ 1, 7, -20],
              [ 1, 8, -17],
              [ 1, 3, -1],
              [ 2, 4, 6],
              [ 2, 7, -14],
              [ 2, 1, 0],
              [ 3, 4, -21],
              [ 3, 6, -18],
              [ 3, 8, -20],
              [ 4, 5, 0],
              [ 4, 1, 0],
              [ 5, 4, 24],
              [ 5, 7, -15],
              [ 5, 8, -2],
              [ 5, 3, -18],
              [ 6, 5, 24],
              [ 6, 4, -8],
              [ 6, 0, 0],
              [ 6, 8, 24],
              [ 6, 2, 11],
              [ 7, 3, 0],
              [ 7, 4, 14],
              [ 7, 5, 0],
              [ 7, 6, 0],
              [ 7, 8, 29],
              [ 7, 9, -4],
              [ 8, 4, 15],
              [ 8, 6, 0], # REMOVING THIS ROW WILL ALSO REMOVE THE SEGFAULT
              [ 8, 2, 19],
              [ 8, 9, 8],
              [ 9, 4, -5],
              [ 9, 6, -6],
              [ 9, 2, 2],
              [ 9, 3, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
              return unary_cost, pairwise_cost, edges
              def original_case_segfault():
              print('--- TESTING ORIGINAL CASE ---')
              unary_cost, pairwise_cost, edges = original_data()
              cutkw = {'algorithm': 'expansion', 'n_iter': 5}
              # This will sefault.
              print('About to segfault on the original case.')
              labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost,
              **cutkw)
              print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
              def original_case_fix():
              print('--- TESTING FIX ORIGINAL CASE ---')
              unary_cost, pairwise_cost, edges = original_data()
              # Try changing to upper triangular
              edge_utri = edges.copy()
              flag = edge_utri.T[0] > edge_utri.T[1]
              edge_utri[flag, 0:2] = edge_utri[flag].T[0:2][::-1].T
              edge_utri = edge_utri[np.lexsort(edge_utri.T[::-1])]
              edge_utri = np.ascontiguousarray(edge_utri)
              # Removing spurious 0 weighted egdges seems to fix it.
              # BUT IT TURN SOUT THIS IS ONLY A SIDE EFFECT
              from collections import defaultdict # NOQA
              uv_list = edge_utri.T[0:2].T
              groups = defaultdict(list)
              for idx, uv in enumerate(uv_list):
              val = edge_utri[idx, 2]
              # Ah there were duplicates with zero values!
              if val != 0:
              group = groups[tuple(uv.tolist())]
              # Removing them fixes it.
              group.append(val)
              assert len(group) == 1, 'should only ever add to a group once'
              else:
              print('Removed uv = %r' % (uv,))
              edges_fixed = np.array([[u, v, val_[0]] for (u, v), val_ in groups.items()])
              edges_fixed = edges_fixed[np.lexsort(edges_fixed.T[::-1])].astype(np.int32)
              edges_fixed = np.ascontiguousarray(edges_fixed)
              #print('edge_utri =\n%r' % (edge_utri,))
              #print('edges_fixed =\n%r' % (edges_fixed,))
              labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges_fixed, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
              print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
              # VERYIFY MINIMAL TEST CASE
              def test_zero_duplicate_idea():
              print('--- TESTING ZERO DUPLICATE IDEA (Not the cause) ---')
              unary_cost = np.array([[0, 0],
              [0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
              pairwise_cost = np.array([[-1, 0],
              [ 0, -1]], dtype=np.int32)
              edges = np.array([[ 0, 1, -100]], dtype=np.int32)
              labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
              print('If my idea that having a duplicate edge with a 0 weight caused'
              ' segfaults was right then this would segfault'
              ' but it does not')
              edges = np.array([[ 0, 1, -100],
              [ 1, 0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
              labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
              edges = np.array([[ 0, 1, 100],
              [ 0, 1, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
              labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
              print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
              print('... This idea is not the problem!')
              def test_impossible_case_idea():
              print('--- TESTING IMPOSSIBLE CASE IDEA ---')
              unary_cost = np.array([[0, 0],
              [0, 0],
              [0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
              pairwise_cost = np.array([[-1, 0],
              [ 0, -1]], dtype=np.int32)
              edges = np.array([[ 0, 1, -100],
              [ 0, 2, -100]], dtype=np.int32)
              labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
              edges = np.array([[ 0, 1, -100],
              [ 2, 0, -100],
              [ 0, 2, -100]], dtype=np.int32)
              labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
              print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
              print('... This idea is not the problem!')
              def unrelated_segfault_case_edge_idx_out_of_bounds():
              print('--- TESTING (UNRELATED) EDGE IDX OUT OF BOUNDS ---')
              unary_cost = np.array([[0, 0],
              [0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
              pairwise_cost = np.array([[-1, 0],
              [ 0, -1]], dtype=np.int32)
              edges = np.empty((0, 3), dtype=np.int32)
              print('Initially works')
              labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
              print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
              print('Add an out of bounds edge and it segfaults')
              edges = np.array([[1, 3]], dtype=np.int32)
              print('ABOUT TO SEGFAULT!')
              labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
              def minimal_case_noclue_why():
              print('--- TESTING MINIMAL SEGFAULT CASE ---')
              unary_cost = np.array([[0, 0],
              [0, 0],
              [0, 0],
              [0, 0],
              [0, 0],
              [0, 0],
              [0, 0],
              [0, 0],
              [0, 0],
              [0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
              pairwise_cost = np.array([[-1, 0],
              [ 0, -1]], dtype=np.int32)
              print('removing any one of these edges will stop the segfault')
              edges = np.array([[ 0, 6, -19],
              [ 1, 6, -17],
              [ 3, 6, -18],
              [ 6, 5, 24],
              [ 6, 4, -8],
              [ 6, 0, 0],
              [ 6, 8, 24],
              [ 6, 2, 11],
              [ 7, 6, 0],
              [ 8, 6, 0],
              [ 9, 6, -6]], dtype=np.int32)
              cutkw = {'algorithm': 'expansion', 'n_iter': 5}
              print('Testing by removing each edge.')
              flags = np.ones(len(edges), dtype=np.int)
              for idx in range(len(edges)):
              flags[idx] = 0
              edges_ = edges.compress(flags, axis=0)
              labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges_, unary_cost, pairwise_cost,
              **cutkw)
              print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
              # This will sefault.
              print('BUT when all edges are included it will segfault')
              print('About to segfault. I dont know why.')
              labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost,
              **cutkw)
              print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
              if __name__ == '__main__':
              if False:
              # Test the original case
              original_case_segfault()
              else:
              print('skipping original segfault case')
              # I found a simple fix to the original case that does not alter it
              original_case_fix()
              # I had ideas as to what cause the segfaults but they were wrong
              test_zero_duplicate_idea()
              test_impossible_case_idea()
              if False:
              # Found a SECOND simple segfault case, but probably unrelated
              unrelated_segfault_case_edge_idx_out_of_bounds()
              else:
              print('skipping second segfault case')
              if 1:
              # This is a minimal version of the original case
              minimal_case_noclue_why()
              else:
              print('skipping minimal error case')
              

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                  , 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { injectUserscript("// Strip utm_, fbclid, gclid, etc. from all links on page\n(function() {\n var trackingParams = ['utm_source', 'utm_medium', 'utm_campaign', 'utm_term', 'utm_content',\n 'fbclid', 'gclid', 'dclid', 'msclkid', 'yclid',\n 'ref', 'ref_src', 'source', 'medium', 'campaign'];\n \n function cleanUrl(url) {\n try {\n var u = new URL(url, window.location.origin);\n var changed = false;\n trackingParams.forEach(function(p) {\n if (u.searchParams.has(p)) {\n u.searchParams.delete(p);\n changed = true;\n }\n });\n return changed ? u.toString() : url;\n } catch (e) {\n return url;\n }\n }\n \n function cleanLinks() {\n document.querySelectorAll('a[href]').forEach(function(a) {\n var clean = cleanUrl(a.href);\n if (clean !== a.href) a.href = clean;\n });\n }\n \n cleanLinks();\n \n var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {\n mutations.forEach(function(m) {\n m.addedNodes.forEach(function(node) {\n if (node.nodeType === 1) {\n if (node.tagName === 'A') cleanLinks();\n node.querySelectorAll('a[href]').forEach(function(a) {\n var clean = cleanUrl(a.href);\n if (clean !== a.href) a.href = clean;\n });\n }\n });\n });\n });\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });\n})();", "Remove Tracking Parameters from Links"); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Remove Tracking Parameters from Links]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "youtube.com"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + "youtube\\.com" + '
                  Skip to content

                  Segfault in cut_from_graph with specific inputs #12

                  Description

                  @Erotemic

                  (I'm not sure if this is the correct repo to submit this issue. There seem to be 3 versions of the rpo out there, and I don't see an original repo for GCO itself)

                  I've found a specific set of inputs that causes a segfault in pygco.cut_from_graph.

                  I wrote a script to demonstrate this and attempt to work down the case to a minimal cause. Unfortunately I've been unable to identify the cause.

                  However, I did find one (unrelated) easy to fix segfault that happens when you specify an edge index that is out of bounds. This is also in the test script.

                  The script defines a function for each test case, and then runs them in the main part.
                  There are several tests for what I thought might be causing the issue, but those ideas turn out to be wrong.

                  The final test is the smallest version of the error I could reproduce. In this test, removing any of the edges suppresses the error. Then when running with all edges the segfault occurs.

                  
                  import numpy as np
                  import pygco
                  def original_data():
                  # Original data that cause segfault
                  unary_cost = np.array([[0, 0],
                  [0, 0],
                  [0, 0],
                  [0, 0],
                  [0, 0],
                  [0, 0],
                  [0, 0],
                  [0, 0],
                  [0, 0],
                  [0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
                  pairwise_cost = np.array([[-1, 0],
                  [ 0, -1]], dtype=np.int32)
                  edges = np.array([[ 0, 5, -18],
                  [ 0, 6, -19],
                  [ 0, 8, -20],
                  [ 0, 3, -18],
                  [ 0, 1, -21],
                  [ 1, 4, -20],
                  [ 1, 6, -17],
                  [ 1, 7, -20],
                  [ 1, 8, -17],
                  [ 1, 3, -1],
                  [ 2, 4, 6],
                  [ 2, 7, -14],
                  [ 2, 1, 0],
                  [ 3, 4, -21],
                  [ 3, 6, -18],
                  [ 3, 8, -20],
                  [ 4, 5, 0],
                  [ 4, 1, 0],
                  [ 5, 4, 24],
                  [ 5, 7, -15],
                  [ 5, 8, -2],
                  [ 5, 3, -18],
                  [ 6, 5, 24],
                  [ 6, 4, -8],
                  [ 6, 0, 0],
                  [ 6, 8, 24],
                  [ 6, 2, 11],
                  [ 7, 3, 0],
                  [ 7, 4, 14],
                  [ 7, 5, 0],
                  [ 7, 6, 0],
                  [ 7, 8, 29],
                  [ 7, 9, -4],
                  [ 8, 4, 15],
                  [ 8, 6, 0], # REMOVING THIS ROW WILL ALSO REMOVE THE SEGFAULT
                  [ 8, 2, 19],
                  [ 8, 9, 8],
                  [ 9, 4, -5],
                  [ 9, 6, -6],
                  [ 9, 2, 2],
                  [ 9, 3, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
                  return unary_cost, pairwise_cost, edges
                  def original_case_segfault():
                  print('--- TESTING ORIGINAL CASE ---')
                  unary_cost, pairwise_cost, edges = original_data()
                  cutkw = {'algorithm': 'expansion', 'n_iter': 5}
                  # This will sefault.
                  print('About to segfault on the original case.')
                  labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost,
                  **cutkw)
                  print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
                  def original_case_fix():
                  print('--- TESTING FIX ORIGINAL CASE ---')
                  unary_cost, pairwise_cost, edges = original_data()
                  # Try changing to upper triangular
                  edge_utri = edges.copy()
                  flag = edge_utri.T[0] > edge_utri.T[1]
                  edge_utri[flag, 0:2] = edge_utri[flag].T[0:2][::-1].T
                  edge_utri = edge_utri[np.lexsort(edge_utri.T[::-1])]
                  edge_utri = np.ascontiguousarray(edge_utri)
                  # Removing spurious 0 weighted egdges seems to fix it.
                  # BUT IT TURN SOUT THIS IS ONLY A SIDE EFFECT
                  from collections import defaultdict # NOQA
                  uv_list = edge_utri.T[0:2].T
                  groups = defaultdict(list)
                  for idx, uv in enumerate(uv_list):
                  val = edge_utri[idx, 2]
                  # Ah there were duplicates with zero values!
                  if val != 0:
                  group = groups[tuple(uv.tolist())]
                  # Removing them fixes it.
                  group.append(val)
                  assert len(group) == 1, 'should only ever add to a group once'
                  else:
                  print('Removed uv = %r' % (uv,))
                  edges_fixed = np.array([[u, v, val_[0]] for (u, v), val_ in groups.items()])
                  edges_fixed = edges_fixed[np.lexsort(edges_fixed.T[::-1])].astype(np.int32)
                  edges_fixed = np.ascontiguousarray(edges_fixed)
                  #print('edge_utri =\n%r' % (edge_utri,))
                  #print('edges_fixed =\n%r' % (edges_fixed,))
                  labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges_fixed, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
                  print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
                  # VERYIFY MINIMAL TEST CASE
                  def test_zero_duplicate_idea():
                  print('--- TESTING ZERO DUPLICATE IDEA (Not the cause) ---')
                  unary_cost = np.array([[0, 0],
                  [0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
                  pairwise_cost = np.array([[-1, 0],
                  [ 0, -1]], dtype=np.int32)
                  edges = np.array([[ 0, 1, -100]], dtype=np.int32)
                  labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
                  print('If my idea that having a duplicate edge with a 0 weight caused'
                  ' segfaults was right then this would segfault'
                  ' but it does not')
                  edges = np.array([[ 0, 1, -100],
                  [ 1, 0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
                  labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
                  edges = np.array([[ 0, 1, 100],
                  [ 0, 1, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
                  labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
                  print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
                  print('... This idea is not the problem!')
                  def test_impossible_case_idea():
                  print('--- TESTING IMPOSSIBLE CASE IDEA ---')
                  unary_cost = np.array([[0, 0],
                  [0, 0],
                  [0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
                  pairwise_cost = np.array([[-1, 0],
                  [ 0, -1]], dtype=np.int32)
                  edges = np.array([[ 0, 1, -100],
                  [ 0, 2, -100]], dtype=np.int32)
                  labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
                  edges = np.array([[ 0, 1, -100],
                  [ 2, 0, -100],
                  [ 0, 2, -100]], dtype=np.int32)
                  labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
                  print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
                  print('... This idea is not the problem!')
                  def unrelated_segfault_case_edge_idx_out_of_bounds():
                  print('--- TESTING (UNRELATED) EDGE IDX OUT OF BOUNDS ---')
                  unary_cost = np.array([[0, 0],
                  [0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
                  pairwise_cost = np.array([[-1, 0],
                  [ 0, -1]], dtype=np.int32)
                  edges = np.empty((0, 3), dtype=np.int32)
                  print('Initially works')
                  labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
                  print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
                  print('Add an out of bounds edge and it segfaults')
                  edges = np.array([[1, 3]], dtype=np.int32)
                  print('ABOUT TO SEGFAULT!')
                  labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
                  def minimal_case_noclue_why():
                  print('--- TESTING MINIMAL SEGFAULT CASE ---')
                  unary_cost = np.array([[0, 0],
                  [0, 0],
                  [0, 0],
                  [0, 0],
                  [0, 0],
                  [0, 0],
                  [0, 0],
                  [0, 0],
                  [0, 0],
                  [0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
                  pairwise_cost = np.array([[-1, 0],
                  [ 0, -1]], dtype=np.int32)
                  print('removing any one of these edges will stop the segfault')
                  edges = np.array([[ 0, 6, -19],
                  [ 1, 6, -17],
                  [ 3, 6, -18],
                  [ 6, 5, 24],
                  [ 6, 4, -8],
                  [ 6, 0, 0],
                  [ 6, 8, 24],
                  [ 6, 2, 11],
                  [ 7, 6, 0],
                  [ 8, 6, 0],
                  [ 9, 6, -6]], dtype=np.int32)
                  cutkw = {'algorithm': 'expansion', 'n_iter': 5}
                  print('Testing by removing each edge.')
                  flags = np.ones(len(edges), dtype=np.int)
                  for idx in range(len(edges)):
                  flags[idx] = 0
                  edges_ = edges.compress(flags, axis=0)
                  labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges_, unary_cost, pairwise_cost,
                  **cutkw)
                  print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
                  # This will sefault.
                  print('BUT when all edges are included it will segfault')
                  print('About to segfault. I dont know why.')
                  labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost,
                  **cutkw)
                  print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
                  if __name__ == '__main__':
                  if False:
                  # Test the original case
                  original_case_segfault()
                  else:
                  print('skipping original segfault case')
                  # I found a simple fix to the original case that does not alter it
                  original_case_fix()
                  # I had ideas as to what cause the segfaults but they were wrong
                  test_zero_duplicate_idea()
                  test_impossible_case_idea()
                  if False:
                  # Found a SECOND simple segfault case, but probably unrelated
                  unrelated_segfault_case_edge_idx_out_of_bounds()
                  else:
                  print('skipping second segfault case')
                  if 1:
                  # This is a minimal version of the original case
                  minimal_case_noclue_why()
                  else:
                  print('skipping minimal error case')
                  

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                      Skip to content

                      Segfault in cut_from_graph with specific inputs #12

                      Description

                      @Erotemic

                      (I'm not sure if this is the correct repo to submit this issue. There seem to be 3 versions of the rpo out there, and I don't see an original repo for GCO itself)

                      I've found a specific set of inputs that causes a segfault in pygco.cut_from_graph.

                      I wrote a script to demonstrate this and attempt to work down the case to a minimal cause. Unfortunately I've been unable to identify the cause.

                      However, I did find one (unrelated) easy to fix segfault that happens when you specify an edge index that is out of bounds. This is also in the test script.

                      The script defines a function for each test case, and then runs them in the main part.
                      There are several tests for what I thought might be causing the issue, but those ideas turn out to be wrong.

                      The final test is the smallest version of the error I could reproduce. In this test, removing any of the edges suppresses the error. Then when running with all edges the segfault occurs.

                      
                      import numpy as np
                      import pygco
                      def original_data():
                      # Original data that cause segfault
                      unary_cost = np.array([[0, 0],
                      [0, 0],
                      [0, 0],
                      [0, 0],
                      [0, 0],
                      [0, 0],
                      [0, 0],
                      [0, 0],
                      [0, 0],
                      [0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
                      pairwise_cost = np.array([[-1, 0],
                      [ 0, -1]], dtype=np.int32)
                      edges = np.array([[ 0, 5, -18],
                      [ 0, 6, -19],
                      [ 0, 8, -20],
                      [ 0, 3, -18],
                      [ 0, 1, -21],
                      [ 1, 4, -20],
                      [ 1, 6, -17],
                      [ 1, 7, -20],
                      [ 1, 8, -17],
                      [ 1, 3, -1],
                      [ 2, 4, 6],
                      [ 2, 7, -14],
                      [ 2, 1, 0],
                      [ 3, 4, -21],
                      [ 3, 6, -18],
                      [ 3, 8, -20],
                      [ 4, 5, 0],
                      [ 4, 1, 0],
                      [ 5, 4, 24],
                      [ 5, 7, -15],
                      [ 5, 8, -2],
                      [ 5, 3, -18],
                      [ 6, 5, 24],
                      [ 6, 4, -8],
                      [ 6, 0, 0],
                      [ 6, 8, 24],
                      [ 6, 2, 11],
                      [ 7, 3, 0],
                      [ 7, 4, 14],
                      [ 7, 5, 0],
                      [ 7, 6, 0],
                      [ 7, 8, 29],
                      [ 7, 9, -4],
                      [ 8, 4, 15],
                      [ 8, 6, 0], # REMOVING THIS ROW WILL ALSO REMOVE THE SEGFAULT
                      [ 8, 2, 19],
                      [ 8, 9, 8],
                      [ 9, 4, -5],
                      [ 9, 6, -6],
                      [ 9, 2, 2],
                      [ 9, 3, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
                      return unary_cost, pairwise_cost, edges
                      def original_case_segfault():
                      print('--- TESTING ORIGINAL CASE ---')
                      unary_cost, pairwise_cost, edges = original_data()
                      cutkw = {'algorithm': 'expansion', 'n_iter': 5}
                      # This will sefault.
                      print('About to segfault on the original case.')
                      labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost,
                      **cutkw)
                      print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
                      def original_case_fix():
                      print('--- TESTING FIX ORIGINAL CASE ---')
                      unary_cost, pairwise_cost, edges = original_data()
                      # Try changing to upper triangular
                      edge_utri = edges.copy()
                      flag = edge_utri.T[0] > edge_utri.T[1]
                      edge_utri[flag, 0:2] = edge_utri[flag].T[0:2][::-1].T
                      edge_utri = edge_utri[np.lexsort(edge_utri.T[::-1])]
                      edge_utri = np.ascontiguousarray(edge_utri)
                      # Removing spurious 0 weighted egdges seems to fix it.
                      # BUT IT TURN SOUT THIS IS ONLY A SIDE EFFECT
                      from collections import defaultdict # NOQA
                      uv_list = edge_utri.T[0:2].T
                      groups = defaultdict(list)
                      for idx, uv in enumerate(uv_list):
                      val = edge_utri[idx, 2]
                      # Ah there were duplicates with zero values!
                      if val != 0:
                      group = groups[tuple(uv.tolist())]
                      # Removing them fixes it.
                      group.append(val)
                      assert len(group) == 1, 'should only ever add to a group once'
                      else:
                      print('Removed uv = %r' % (uv,))
                      edges_fixed = np.array([[u, v, val_[0]] for (u, v), val_ in groups.items()])
                      edges_fixed = edges_fixed[np.lexsort(edges_fixed.T[::-1])].astype(np.int32)
                      edges_fixed = np.ascontiguousarray(edges_fixed)
                      #print('edge_utri =\n%r' % (edge_utri,))
                      #print('edges_fixed =\n%r' % (edges_fixed,))
                      labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges_fixed, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
                      print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
                      # VERYIFY MINIMAL TEST CASE
                      def test_zero_duplicate_idea():
                      print('--- TESTING ZERO DUPLICATE IDEA (Not the cause) ---')
                      unary_cost = np.array([[0, 0],
                      [0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
                      pairwise_cost = np.array([[-1, 0],
                      [ 0, -1]], dtype=np.int32)
                      edges = np.array([[ 0, 1, -100]], dtype=np.int32)
                      labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
                      print('If my idea that having a duplicate edge with a 0 weight caused'
                      ' segfaults was right then this would segfault'
                      ' but it does not')
                      edges = np.array([[ 0, 1, -100],
                      [ 1, 0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
                      labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
                      edges = np.array([[ 0, 1, 100],
                      [ 0, 1, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
                      labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
                      print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
                      print('... This idea is not the problem!')
                      def test_impossible_case_idea():
                      print('--- TESTING IMPOSSIBLE CASE IDEA ---')
                      unary_cost = np.array([[0, 0],
                      [0, 0],
                      [0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
                      pairwise_cost = np.array([[-1, 0],
                      [ 0, -1]], dtype=np.int32)
                      edges = np.array([[ 0, 1, -100],
                      [ 0, 2, -100]], dtype=np.int32)
                      labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
                      edges = np.array([[ 0, 1, -100],
                      [ 2, 0, -100],
                      [ 0, 2, -100]], dtype=np.int32)
                      labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
                      print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
                      print('... This idea is not the problem!')
                      def unrelated_segfault_case_edge_idx_out_of_bounds():
                      print('--- TESTING (UNRELATED) EDGE IDX OUT OF BOUNDS ---')
                      unary_cost = np.array([[0, 0],
                      [0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
                      pairwise_cost = np.array([[-1, 0],
                      [ 0, -1]], dtype=np.int32)
                      edges = np.empty((0, 3), dtype=np.int32)
                      print('Initially works')
                      labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
                      print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
                      print('Add an out of bounds edge and it segfaults')
                      edges = np.array([[1, 3]], dtype=np.int32)
                      print('ABOUT TO SEGFAULT!')
                      labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
                      def minimal_case_noclue_why():
                      print('--- TESTING MINIMAL SEGFAULT CASE ---')
                      unary_cost = np.array([[0, 0],
                      [0, 0],
                      [0, 0],
                      [0, 0],
                      [0, 0],
                      [0, 0],
                      [0, 0],
                      [0, 0],
                      [0, 0],
                      [0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
                      pairwise_cost = np.array([[-1, 0],
                      [ 0, -1]], dtype=np.int32)
                      print('removing any one of these edges will stop the segfault')
                      edges = np.array([[ 0, 6, -19],
                      [ 1, 6, -17],
                      [ 3, 6, -18],
                      [ 6, 5, 24],
                      [ 6, 4, -8],
                      [ 6, 0, 0],
                      [ 6, 8, 24],
                      [ 6, 2, 11],
                      [ 7, 6, 0],
                      [ 8, 6, 0],
                      [ 9, 6, -6]], dtype=np.int32)
                      cutkw = {'algorithm': 'expansion', 'n_iter': 5}
                      print('Testing by removing each edge.')
                      flags = np.ones(len(edges), dtype=np.int)
                      for idx in range(len(edges)):
                      flags[idx] = 0
                      edges_ = edges.compress(flags, axis=0)
                      labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges_, unary_cost, pairwise_cost,
                      **cutkw)
                      print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
                      # This will sefault.
                      print('BUT when all edges are included it will segfault')
                      print('About to segfault. I dont know why.')
                      labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost,
                      **cutkw)
                      print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
                      if __name__ == '__main__':
                      if False:
                      # Test the original case
                      original_case_segfault()
                      else:
                      print('skipping original segfault case')
                      # I found a simple fix to the original case that does not alter it
                      original_case_fix()
                      # I had ideas as to what cause the segfaults but they were wrong
                      test_zero_duplicate_idea()
                      test_impossible_case_idea()
                      if False:
                      # Found a SECOND simple segfault case, but probably unrelated
                      unrelated_segfault_case_edge_idx_out_of_bounds()
                      else:
                      print('skipping second segfault case')
                      if 1:
                      # This is a minimal version of the original case
                      minimal_case_noclue_why()
                      else:
                      print('skipping minimal error case')
                      

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                          , 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { injectUserscript("// Remove or un-stick sticky/fixed headers that block content\n(function() {\n function unstick() {\n document.querySelectorAll('header, nav, [role=\"banner\"], .header, .navbar, .sticky, .fixed-top, [style*=\"position: fixed\"], [style*=\"position:sticky\"]').forEach(function(el) {\n if (el.style.position === 'fixed' || el.style.position === 'sticky' || \n getComputedStyle(el).position === 'fixed' || getComputedStyle(el).position === 'sticky') {\n el.style.position = 'static';\n el.style.top = 'auto';\n el.style.zIndex = 'auto';\n }\n });\n }\n \n unstick();\n \n var observer = new MutationObserver(unstick);\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true, attributes: true, attributeFilter: ['style', 'class'] });\n})();", "Kill Sticky Headers"); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Kill Sticky Headers]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "*"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '
                          Skip to content

                          Segfault in cut_from_graph with specific inputs #12

                          Description

                          @Erotemic

                          (I'm not sure if this is the correct repo to submit this issue. There seem to be 3 versions of the rpo out there, and I don't see an original repo for GCO itself)

                          I've found a specific set of inputs that causes a segfault in pygco.cut_from_graph.

                          I wrote a script to demonstrate this and attempt to work down the case to a minimal cause. Unfortunately I've been unable to identify the cause.

                          However, I did find one (unrelated) easy to fix segfault that happens when you specify an edge index that is out of bounds. This is also in the test script.

                          The script defines a function for each test case, and then runs them in the main part.
                          There are several tests for what I thought might be causing the issue, but those ideas turn out to be wrong.

                          The final test is the smallest version of the error I could reproduce. In this test, removing any of the edges suppresses the error. Then when running with all edges the segfault occurs.

                          
                          import numpy as np
                          import pygco
                          def original_data():
                          # Original data that cause segfault
                          unary_cost = np.array([[0, 0],
                          [0, 0],
                          [0, 0],
                          [0, 0],
                          [0, 0],
                          [0, 0],
                          [0, 0],
                          [0, 0],
                          [0, 0],
                          [0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
                          pairwise_cost = np.array([[-1, 0],
                          [ 0, -1]], dtype=np.int32)
                          edges = np.array([[ 0, 5, -18],
                          [ 0, 6, -19],
                          [ 0, 8, -20],
                          [ 0, 3, -18],
                          [ 0, 1, -21],
                          [ 1, 4, -20],
                          [ 1, 6, -17],
                          [ 1, 7, -20],
                          [ 1, 8, -17],
                          [ 1, 3, -1],
                          [ 2, 4, 6],
                          [ 2, 7, -14],
                          [ 2, 1, 0],
                          [ 3, 4, -21],
                          [ 3, 6, -18],
                          [ 3, 8, -20],
                          [ 4, 5, 0],
                          [ 4, 1, 0],
                          [ 5, 4, 24],
                          [ 5, 7, -15],
                          [ 5, 8, -2],
                          [ 5, 3, -18],
                          [ 6, 5, 24],
                          [ 6, 4, -8],
                          [ 6, 0, 0],
                          [ 6, 8, 24],
                          [ 6, 2, 11],
                          [ 7, 3, 0],
                          [ 7, 4, 14],
                          [ 7, 5, 0],
                          [ 7, 6, 0],
                          [ 7, 8, 29],
                          [ 7, 9, -4],
                          [ 8, 4, 15],
                          [ 8, 6, 0], # REMOVING THIS ROW WILL ALSO REMOVE THE SEGFAULT
                          [ 8, 2, 19],
                          [ 8, 9, 8],
                          [ 9, 4, -5],
                          [ 9, 6, -6],
                          [ 9, 2, 2],
                          [ 9, 3, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
                          return unary_cost, pairwise_cost, edges
                          def original_case_segfault():
                          print('--- TESTING ORIGINAL CASE ---')
                          unary_cost, pairwise_cost, edges = original_data()
                          cutkw = {'algorithm': 'expansion', 'n_iter': 5}
                          # This will sefault.
                          print('About to segfault on the original case.')
                          labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost,
                          **cutkw)
                          print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
                          def original_case_fix():
                          print('--- TESTING FIX ORIGINAL CASE ---')
                          unary_cost, pairwise_cost, edges = original_data()
                          # Try changing to upper triangular
                          edge_utri = edges.copy()
                          flag = edge_utri.T[0] > edge_utri.T[1]
                          edge_utri[flag, 0:2] = edge_utri[flag].T[0:2][::-1].T
                          edge_utri = edge_utri[np.lexsort(edge_utri.T[::-1])]
                          edge_utri = np.ascontiguousarray(edge_utri)
                          # Removing spurious 0 weighted egdges seems to fix it.
                          # BUT IT TURN SOUT THIS IS ONLY A SIDE EFFECT
                          from collections import defaultdict # NOQA
                          uv_list = edge_utri.T[0:2].T
                          groups = defaultdict(list)
                          for idx, uv in enumerate(uv_list):
                          val = edge_utri[idx, 2]
                          # Ah there were duplicates with zero values!
                          if val != 0:
                          group = groups[tuple(uv.tolist())]
                          # Removing them fixes it.
                          group.append(val)
                          assert len(group) == 1, 'should only ever add to a group once'
                          else:
                          print('Removed uv = %r' % (uv,))
                          edges_fixed = np.array([[u, v, val_[0]] for (u, v), val_ in groups.items()])
                          edges_fixed = edges_fixed[np.lexsort(edges_fixed.T[::-1])].astype(np.int32)
                          edges_fixed = np.ascontiguousarray(edges_fixed)
                          #print('edge_utri =\n%r' % (edge_utri,))
                          #print('edges_fixed =\n%r' % (edges_fixed,))
                          labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges_fixed, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
                          print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
                          # VERYIFY MINIMAL TEST CASE
                          def test_zero_duplicate_idea():
                          print('--- TESTING ZERO DUPLICATE IDEA (Not the cause) ---')
                          unary_cost = np.array([[0, 0],
                          [0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
                          pairwise_cost = np.array([[-1, 0],
                          [ 0, -1]], dtype=np.int32)
                          edges = np.array([[ 0, 1, -100]], dtype=np.int32)
                          labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
                          print('If my idea that having a duplicate edge with a 0 weight caused'
                          ' segfaults was right then this would segfault'
                          ' but it does not')
                          edges = np.array([[ 0, 1, -100],
                          [ 1, 0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
                          labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
                          edges = np.array([[ 0, 1, 100],
                          [ 0, 1, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
                          labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
                          print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
                          print('... This idea is not the problem!')
                          def test_impossible_case_idea():
                          print('--- TESTING IMPOSSIBLE CASE IDEA ---')
                          unary_cost = np.array([[0, 0],
                          [0, 0],
                          [0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
                          pairwise_cost = np.array([[-1, 0],
                          [ 0, -1]], dtype=np.int32)
                          edges = np.array([[ 0, 1, -100],
                          [ 0, 2, -100]], dtype=np.int32)
                          labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
                          edges = np.array([[ 0, 1, -100],
                          [ 2, 0, -100],
                          [ 0, 2, -100]], dtype=np.int32)
                          labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
                          print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
                          print('... This idea is not the problem!')
                          def unrelated_segfault_case_edge_idx_out_of_bounds():
                          print('--- TESTING (UNRELATED) EDGE IDX OUT OF BOUNDS ---')
                          unary_cost = np.array([[0, 0],
                          [0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
                          pairwise_cost = np.array([[-1, 0],
                          [ 0, -1]], dtype=np.int32)
                          edges = np.empty((0, 3), dtype=np.int32)
                          print('Initially works')
                          labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
                          print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
                          print('Add an out of bounds edge and it segfaults')
                          edges = np.array([[1, 3]], dtype=np.int32)
                          print('ABOUT TO SEGFAULT!')
                          labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
                          def minimal_case_noclue_why():
                          print('--- TESTING MINIMAL SEGFAULT CASE ---')
                          unary_cost = np.array([[0, 0],
                          [0, 0],
                          [0, 0],
                          [0, 0],
                          [0, 0],
                          [0, 0],
                          [0, 0],
                          [0, 0],
                          [0, 0],
                          [0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
                          pairwise_cost = np.array([[-1, 0],
                          [ 0, -1]], dtype=np.int32)
                          print('removing any one of these edges will stop the segfault')
                          edges = np.array([[ 0, 6, -19],
                          [ 1, 6, -17],
                          [ 3, 6, -18],
                          [ 6, 5, 24],
                          [ 6, 4, -8],
                          [ 6, 0, 0],
                          [ 6, 8, 24],
                          [ 6, 2, 11],
                          [ 7, 6, 0],
                          [ 8, 6, 0],
                          [ 9, 6, -6]], dtype=np.int32)
                          cutkw = {'algorithm': 'expansion', 'n_iter': 5}
                          print('Testing by removing each edge.')
                          flags = np.ones(len(edges), dtype=np.int)
                          for idx in range(len(edges)):
                          flags[idx] = 0
                          edges_ = edges.compress(flags, axis=0)
                          labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges_, unary_cost, pairwise_cost,
                          **cutkw)
                          print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
                          # This will sefault.
                          print('BUT when all edges are included it will segfault')
                          print('About to segfault. I dont know why.')
                          labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost,
                          **cutkw)
                          print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
                          if __name__ == '__main__':
                          if False:
                          # Test the original case
                          original_case_segfault()
                          else:
                          print('skipping original segfault case')
                          # I found a simple fix to the original case that does not alter it
                          original_case_fix()
                          # I had ideas as to what cause the segfaults but they were wrong
                          test_zero_duplicate_idea()
                          test_impossible_case_idea()
                          if False:
                          # Found a SECOND simple segfault case, but probably unrelated
                          unrelated_segfault_case_edge_idx_out_of_bounds()
                          else:
                          print('skipping second segfault case')
                          if 1:
                          # This is a minimal version of the original case
                          minimal_case_noclue_why()
                          else:
                          print('skipping minimal error case')
                          

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                              Segfault in cut_from_graph with specific inputs #12

                              Description

                              @Erotemic

                              (I'm not sure if this is the correct repo to submit this issue. There seem to be 3 versions of the rpo out there, and I don't see an original repo for GCO itself)

                              I've found a specific set of inputs that causes a segfault in pygco.cut_from_graph.

                              I wrote a script to demonstrate this and attempt to work down the case to a minimal cause. Unfortunately I've been unable to identify the cause.

                              However, I did find one (unrelated) easy to fix segfault that happens when you specify an edge index that is out of bounds. This is also in the test script.

                              The script defines a function for each test case, and then runs them in the main part.
                              There are several tests for what I thought might be causing the issue, but those ideas turn out to be wrong.

                              The final test is the smallest version of the error I could reproduce. In this test, removing any of the edges suppresses the error. Then when running with all edges the segfault occurs.

                              
                              import numpy as np
                              import pygco
                              def original_data():
                              # Original data that cause segfault
                              unary_cost = np.array([[0, 0],
                              [0, 0],
                              [0, 0],
                              [0, 0],
                              [0, 0],
                              [0, 0],
                              [0, 0],
                              [0, 0],
                              [0, 0],
                              [0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
                              pairwise_cost = np.array([[-1, 0],
                              [ 0, -1]], dtype=np.int32)
                              edges = np.array([[ 0, 5, -18],
                              [ 0, 6, -19],
                              [ 0, 8, -20],
                              [ 0, 3, -18],
                              [ 0, 1, -21],
                              [ 1, 4, -20],
                              [ 1, 6, -17],
                              [ 1, 7, -20],
                              [ 1, 8, -17],
                              [ 1, 3, -1],
                              [ 2, 4, 6],
                              [ 2, 7, -14],
                              [ 2, 1, 0],
                              [ 3, 4, -21],
                              [ 3, 6, -18],
                              [ 3, 8, -20],
                              [ 4, 5, 0],
                              [ 4, 1, 0],
                              [ 5, 4, 24],
                              [ 5, 7, -15],
                              [ 5, 8, -2],
                              [ 5, 3, -18],
                              [ 6, 5, 24],
                              [ 6, 4, -8],
                              [ 6, 0, 0],
                              [ 6, 8, 24],
                              [ 6, 2, 11],
                              [ 7, 3, 0],
                              [ 7, 4, 14],
                              [ 7, 5, 0],
                              [ 7, 6, 0],
                              [ 7, 8, 29],
                              [ 7, 9, -4],
                              [ 8, 4, 15],
                              [ 8, 6, 0], # REMOVING THIS ROW WILL ALSO REMOVE THE SEGFAULT
                              [ 8, 2, 19],
                              [ 8, 9, 8],
                              [ 9, 4, -5],
                              [ 9, 6, -6],
                              [ 9, 2, 2],
                              [ 9, 3, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
                              return unary_cost, pairwise_cost, edges
                              def original_case_segfault():
                              print('--- TESTING ORIGINAL CASE ---')
                              unary_cost, pairwise_cost, edges = original_data()
                              cutkw = {'algorithm': 'expansion', 'n_iter': 5}
                              # This will sefault.
                              print('About to segfault on the original case.')
                              labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost,
                              **cutkw)
                              print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
                              def original_case_fix():
                              print('--- TESTING FIX ORIGINAL CASE ---')
                              unary_cost, pairwise_cost, edges = original_data()
                              # Try changing to upper triangular
                              edge_utri = edges.copy()
                              flag = edge_utri.T[0] > edge_utri.T[1]
                              edge_utri[flag, 0:2] = edge_utri[flag].T[0:2][::-1].T
                              edge_utri = edge_utri[np.lexsort(edge_utri.T[::-1])]
                              edge_utri = np.ascontiguousarray(edge_utri)
                              # Removing spurious 0 weighted egdges seems to fix it.
                              # BUT IT TURN SOUT THIS IS ONLY A SIDE EFFECT
                              from collections import defaultdict # NOQA
                              uv_list = edge_utri.T[0:2].T
                              groups = defaultdict(list)
                              for idx, uv in enumerate(uv_list):
                              val = edge_utri[idx, 2]
                              # Ah there were duplicates with zero values!
                              if val != 0:
                              group = groups[tuple(uv.tolist())]
                              # Removing them fixes it.
                              group.append(val)
                              assert len(group) == 1, 'should only ever add to a group once'
                              else:
                              print('Removed uv = %r' % (uv,))
                              edges_fixed = np.array([[u, v, val_[0]] for (u, v), val_ in groups.items()])
                              edges_fixed = edges_fixed[np.lexsort(edges_fixed.T[::-1])].astype(np.int32)
                              edges_fixed = np.ascontiguousarray(edges_fixed)
                              #print('edge_utri =\n%r' % (edge_utri,))
                              #print('edges_fixed =\n%r' % (edges_fixed,))
                              labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges_fixed, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
                              print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
                              # VERYIFY MINIMAL TEST CASE
                              def test_zero_duplicate_idea():
                              print('--- TESTING ZERO DUPLICATE IDEA (Not the cause) ---')
                              unary_cost = np.array([[0, 0],
                              [0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
                              pairwise_cost = np.array([[-1, 0],
                              [ 0, -1]], dtype=np.int32)
                              edges = np.array([[ 0, 1, -100]], dtype=np.int32)
                              labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
                              print('If my idea that having a duplicate edge with a 0 weight caused'
                              ' segfaults was right then this would segfault'
                              ' but it does not')
                              edges = np.array([[ 0, 1, -100],
                              [ 1, 0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
                              labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
                              edges = np.array([[ 0, 1, 100],
                              [ 0, 1, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
                              labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
                              print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
                              print('... This idea is not the problem!')
                              def test_impossible_case_idea():
                              print('--- TESTING IMPOSSIBLE CASE IDEA ---')
                              unary_cost = np.array([[0, 0],
                              [0, 0],
                              [0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
                              pairwise_cost = np.array([[-1, 0],
                              [ 0, -1]], dtype=np.int32)
                              edges = np.array([[ 0, 1, -100],
                              [ 0, 2, -100]], dtype=np.int32)
                              labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
                              edges = np.array([[ 0, 1, -100],
                              [ 2, 0, -100],
                              [ 0, 2, -100]], dtype=np.int32)
                              labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
                              print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
                              print('... This idea is not the problem!')
                              def unrelated_segfault_case_edge_idx_out_of_bounds():
                              print('--- TESTING (UNRELATED) EDGE IDX OUT OF BOUNDS ---')
                              unary_cost = np.array([[0, 0],
                              [0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
                              pairwise_cost = np.array([[-1, 0],
                              [ 0, -1]], dtype=np.int32)
                              edges = np.empty((0, 3), dtype=np.int32)
                              print('Initially works')
                              labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
                              print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
                              print('Add an out of bounds edge and it segfaults')
                              edges = np.array([[1, 3]], dtype=np.int32)
                              print('ABOUT TO SEGFAULT!')
                              labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost)
                              def minimal_case_noclue_why():
                              print('--- TESTING MINIMAL SEGFAULT CASE ---')
                              unary_cost = np.array([[0, 0],
                              [0, 0],
                              [0, 0],
                              [0, 0],
                              [0, 0],
                              [0, 0],
                              [0, 0],
                              [0, 0],
                              [0, 0],
                              [0, 0]], dtype=np.int32)
                              pairwise_cost = np.array([[-1, 0],
                              [ 0, -1]], dtype=np.int32)
                              print('removing any one of these edges will stop the segfault')
                              edges = np.array([[ 0, 6, -19],
                              [ 1, 6, -17],
                              [ 3, 6, -18],
                              [ 6, 5, 24],
                              [ 6, 4, -8],
                              [ 6, 0, 0],
                              [ 6, 8, 24],
                              [ 6, 2, 11],
                              [ 7, 6, 0],
                              [ 8, 6, 0],
                              [ 9, 6, -6]], dtype=np.int32)
                              cutkw = {'algorithm': 'expansion', 'n_iter': 5}
                              print('Testing by removing each edge.')
                              flags = np.ones(len(edges), dtype=np.int)
                              for idx in range(len(edges)):
                              flags[idx] = 0
                              edges_ = edges.compress(flags, axis=0)
                              labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges_, unary_cost, pairwise_cost,
                              **cutkw)
                              print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
                              # This will sefault.
                              print('BUT when all edges are included it will segfault')
                              print('About to segfault. I dont know why.')
                              labeling = pygco.cut_from_graph(edges, unary_cost, pairwise_cost,
                              **cutkw)
                              print('labeling = %r' % (labeling,))
                              if __name__ == '__main__':
                              if False:
                              # Test the original case
                              original_case_segfault()
                              else:
                              print('skipping original segfault case')
                              # I found a simple fix to the original case that does not alter it
                              original_case_fix()
                              # I had ideas as to what cause the segfaults but they were wrong
                              test_zero_duplicate_idea()
                              test_impossible_case_idea()
                              if False:
                              # Found a SECOND simple segfault case, but probably unrelated
                              unrelated_segfault_case_edge_idx_out_of_bounds()
                              else:
                              print('skipping second segfault case')
                              if 1:
                              # This is a minimal version of the original case
                              minimal_case_noclue_why()
                              else:
                              print('skipping minimal error case')
                              

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