Add HdfsRemoteLogIO.from_config and register hdfs remote logging scheme

[baha-bouali]

Part of #70265 (related: #67056). Migrates #70270.

Why

#67056 decoupled remote logging from the hardcoded branches in airflow_local_settings.py:
core and the Task SDK now resolve the handler via ProvidersManager dispatch on the
[logging] remote_base_log_folder URL scheme, instantiating the provider class through a
no-arg from_config() classmethod. This migrates the hdfs scheme.

What

• Add HdfsRemoteLogIO.from_config(), mirroring the legacy airflow_local_settings.py
  branch — including stripping to urlsplit(...).path for remote_base (the legacy branch
  drops the hdfs://host part and keeps only the path), the
  [logging] remote_task_handler_kwargs IO-kwargs merge, and expanduser on
  base_log_folder, so behavior is unchanged for existing configs.
• Register the hdfs scheme under remote-logging: in providers/apache/hdfs/provider.yaml
  and mirror it in get_provider_info.py.
• Add tests mirroring TestS3RemoteLogIOFromConfig from
  providers/amazon/tests/unit/amazon/aws/log/test_s3_task_handler.py.

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[jason810496]

Thanks, LGTM for the migration.