perf: Remove sorting to yield sorted_rank

[askoa]

Which issue does this PR close?

Rationale for this change

I was looking through arrow_ord module for adding run array. I noticed the function sorted_rank was doing unnecessary sorting. The function can do its job in O(N) time. The changes resulted in non-trivial performance improvement in sort_kernel for dictionary.

dict string 2^12 time: [33.434 µs 33.549 µs 33.695 µs]
change: [-13.791% -11.994% -10.202%] (p = 0.00 < 0.05)
Performance has improved.
Found 12 outliers among 100 measurements (12.00%)
2 (2.00%) high mild
10 (10.00%) high severe

Note: Thanks to the documentation of the function. Wouldn't have noticed this otherwise.

arrow-rs/arrow-ord/src/sort.rs

Line 485 in 5261009

/// e.g. [2, 4, 3, 1, 0] -> [4, 3, 0, 2, 1]

What changes are included in this PR?

Remove unnecessary sorting in sorted_rank function.

Are there any user-facing changes?

No.

[ursabot]

Benchmark runs are scheduled for baseline = 5261009 and contender = 3cf64df. 3cf64df is a master commit associated with this PR. Results will be available as each benchmark for each run completes.
Conbench compare runs links:
[Skipped ⚠️ Benchmarking of arrow-rs-commits is not supported on ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2] ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2
[Skipped ⚠️ Benchmarking of arrow-rs-commits is not supported on test-mac-arm] test-mac-arm
[Skipped ⚠️ Benchmarking of arrow-rs-commits is not supported on ursa-i9-9960x] ursa-i9-9960x
[Skipped ⚠️ Benchmarking of arrow-rs-commits is not supported on ursa-thinkcentre-m75q] ursa-thinkcentre-m75q
Buildkite builds:
Supported benchmarks:
ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2: Supported benchmark langs: Python, R. Runs only benchmarks with cloud = True
test-mac-arm: Supported benchmark langs: C++, Python, R
ursa-i9-9960x: Supported benchmark langs: Python, R, JavaScript
ursa-thinkcentre-m75q: Supported benchmark langs: C++, Java

[Dandandan]

Thanks @askoa 😎