[C++][Compute] Add Cryptographic hash functions to Acero

[asfimport]

We would like to add cryptographic hash function kernels to Acero (MD5, SHA1, etc.).

At this time, there are no particular cryptographic functions we want to start adding, but the only hash functions available seem to be variants or specializations of xxHash, which is not appropriate for cryptographic use cases.

Reporter: Aldrin Montana / @drin

Related issues:

• [C++][Compute] Add scalar_hash function (relates to)

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-17363. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[asfimport]

Aldrin Montana / @drin:
Linking to ARROW-8991, which adds some hashing functions to the compute API

[github-actions]

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