[C++] C++14 laundry list

[asfimport]

Improvements to make/be aware of once C++14 is available:

• Ensure that lambda closure members are moved into where ever possible/appropriate. We have a lot of local variables whose only function is getting copied into a closure, including some demotions to shared_ptr since move only types can't be closed over in c++11
• visitor pattern can be used more fluidly with template lambdas, for example we could have a utility like

  VisitInts(offset_width, offset_bytes, [&](auto* offsets) { /*mutate offsets*/ })

  to replace a switch statement like

  switch (offset_width) {
  case 8:
   /* mutate offsets<int8_t> */
   break;
  case 16:
   /* mutate offsets<int16_t> */
   break;
  // ...
  }

• deduced return type with auto:

  template <typename Container>
  auto GetBeginAndEnd(const Container& cont) {
   return std::make_pair(cont.begin(), cont.end());
  }

• constexpr switch, for use in type traits functions
• std::enable_if_t
• std::quoted is available for escaping strings
• std::make_unique
• standard [[deprecated]] attribute
• temporal literals such as ""s, ""ns, ...
• binary literals with place markers such as 0b1100_1111

Reporter: Ben Kietzman / @bkietz

Related issues:

• [C++] Move to C++17 (is superceded by)

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-12816. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[asfimport]

Ben Kietzman / @bkietz:
@pitrou @westonpace @lidavidm

[asfimport]

Antoine Pitrou / @pitrou:
For the record, I've opened #10414 to test C++17 support.