[C++] Temporal floor/ceil/round handle ambiguous/nonexistent local time

[asfimport]

ARROW-14822 enables temporal round/floor/ceil and raises on ambiguous/nonexistent local time. We should allow users to choose different behaviours e.g.: raise, earliest, latest, etc.
See AssumeTimezoneOptions for example.

Reporter: Rok Mihevc / @rok
Assignee: Rok Mihevc / @rok
Watchers: Rok Mihevc / @rok

PRs and other links:

• GitHub Pull Request #12528

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-15251. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[asfimport]

Krisztian Szucs / @kszucs:
Postponing to 9.0, but going to include in the 8.0 release if the patch gets merged.

[asfimport]

Apache Arrow JIRA Bot:
This issue was last updated over 90 days ago, which may be an indication it is no longer being actively worked. To better reflect the current state, the issue is being unassigned per project policy. Please feel free to re-take assignment of the issue if it is being actively worked, or if you plan to start that work soon.

[github-actions]

This issue has been marked as stale because it has had no activity in the past 365 days. Please remove the stale label or comment below, or this issue will be closed in 14 days. If this improvement is still desired but has no current owner, please add the 'Status: needs champion' label.