[C++] Cast to duration from types other than int64

[asfimport]

From R:

> Scalar$create(1L)$cast(duration())
Error: NotImplemented: Unsupported cast from int32 to duration using function cast_duration

But Scalar$create(1L)$cast(int64())$cast(duration()) works.

Reporter: Neal Richardson / @nealrichardson

Related issues:

• [C++] Provide a way to go from numeric to duration (duplicates)

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-17044. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}