[C++] Update handling of UUID type in Substrait integration

[ianmcook]

Describe the enhancement requested

Now that UUID is a canonical extension type (#41299) and has native support in C++ (#37298), I think we should change how UUID fields are handled in the Substrait integration. See these two files:

• cpp/src/arrow/engine/substrait/extension_types.h
• cpp/src/arrow/engine/substrait/extension_types.cc

Component(s)

C++