[Python][Parquet][C++] Test GEOMETRY and GEOGRAPHY types with parquet-testing files when available

[paleolimbot]

Describe the enhancement requested

After #45459 we can read and write the new Geometry and Geography types! When the parquet-testing repo merges test files ( apache/parquet-testing#70 ), we can add tests to C++ and/or Python to check reading them. When I wrote the Python script to generate the files, I also wrote some checks for the files that could be used as tests:

• https://github.com/apache/parquet-testing/blob/453fbe056b7eba323d532fc2489bcbdca30c532b/data/geospatial/crs-gen.py
• https://github.com/apache/parquet-testing/blob/453fbe056b7eba323d532fc2489bcbdca30c532b/data/geospatial/geospatial-gen.py

Component(s)

Python, Parquet, C++

[github-actions]

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