[C++] Do not use throwing subset of `<simdjson>` api

[taepper]

Describe the bug, including details regarding any error messages, version, and platform.

The simdjson api has a throwing and non-throwing subset. #50672 activated a compiler flag that disables the throwing subset of the api. We should migrate all broken users of that api

Component(s)

C++

[taepper]

take

[pitrou]

Issue resolved by pull request 50732
#50732