ARROW-13944: [C++] Bump xsimd to latest version

[cyb70289]

No description provided.

[github-actions]

https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-13944

[github-actions]

⚠️ Ticket has not been started in JIRA, please click 'Start Progress'.

[cyb70289]

Reported xsimd msvc build failure xtensor-stack/xsimd#561 [FIXED]

[cyb70289]

Hmm..., there are more issues need be fixed in xsimd.
xtensor-stack/xsimd#570 [FIXED]
xtensor-stack/xsimd#572 [FIXED]
xtensor-stack/xsimd#573 [FIXED]

[cyb70289]

@ursabot please benchmark

[ursabot]

Benchmark runs are scheduled for baseline = b60bbb3 and contender = 5bba8a5688686b6d1e478941396c5ec621449fa6. Results will be available as each benchmark for each run completes.
Conbench compare runs links:
[Finished ⬇️0.0% ⬆️0.0%] ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2
[Finished ⬇️2.01% ⬆️0.0%] ursa-i9-9960x
[Finished ⬇️0.09% ⬆️0.28%] ursa-thinkcentre-m75q
Supported benchmarks:
ursa-i9-9960x: langs = Python, R, JavaScript
ursa-thinkcentre-m75q: langs = C++, Java
ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2: cloud = True

[cyb70289]

Looks there's big improvement of utf8 validation simd code
https://conbench.ursa.dev/compare/benchmarks/646cee3f36734033ad50fbf072b5a125...a2b135bc912945fcaedd72ae15edc8e5/

Don't see any difference on my local test with clang-10, xeon gold 5218.

[pitrou]

@github-actions crossbow submit -g cpp

[github-actions]

Revision: 55722be

Submitted crossbow builds: ursacomputing/crossbow @ actions-912

Task	Status
test-conda-cpp
test-conda-cpp-valgrind
test-debian-11-cpp
test-fedora-33-cpp
test-ubuntu-18.04-cpp
test-ubuntu-18.04-cpp-release
test-ubuntu-18.04-cpp-static
test-ubuntu-20.04-cpp
test-ubuntu-20.04-cpp-14
test-ubuntu-20.04-cpp-17
test-ubuntu-20.04-cpp-thread-sanitizer

[pitrou]

+1. Thank you @cyb70289.

[pitrou]

CI failures on Crossbow look unrelated.

[ursabot]

Benchmark runs are scheduled for baseline = 93b09fa and contender = 2330770. 2330770 is a master commit associated with this PR. Results will be available as each benchmark for each run completes.
Conbench compare runs links:
[Finished ⬇️0.0% ⬆️0.0%] ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2
[Finished ⬇️0.0% ⬆️0.0%] ursa-i9-9960x
[Finished ⬇️0.0% ⬆️0.0%] ursa-thinkcentre-m75q
Supported benchmarks:
ursa-i9-9960x: langs = Python, R, JavaScript
ursa-thinkcentre-m75q: langs = C++, Java
ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2: cloud = True