GH-44744: [C++] Upgrade ORC to 2.0.3

[dongjoon-hyun]

Rationale for this change

This PR aims to upgrade ORC to 2.0.3 to bring the following bug fixes.

• https://orc.apache.org/news/2024/08/15/ORC-2.0.2/
  • ORC-1732: [C++] Fix detecting Homebrew-installed Protobuf on MacOS orc#1963
  • ORC-1751: [C++] fix syntax error in ThirdpartyToolchain orc#1997
  • ORC-1738: [C++] Fix wrong Int128 maximum value orc#1981
• https://orc.apache.org/news/2024/11/14/ORC-2.0.3/
  • ORC-1796: [C++] fix return wrong result if lack of hasnull orc#2055

What changes are included in this PR?

To use the latest bug fixed version.

Are these changes tested?

This should pass the CIs.

Are there any user-facing changes?

No.

• GitHub Issue: [C++] Upgrade ORC to 2.0.3 #44744

[github-actions]

⚠️ GitHub issue #44744has been automatically assigned in GitHub to PR creator.

[kou]

@github-actions crossbow submit -g cpp

[github-actions]

Revision: c9c47e8

Submitted crossbow builds: ursacomputing/crossbow @ actions-bdc7d7882a

Task	Status
example-cpp-minimal-build-static
example-cpp-minimal-build-static-system-dependency
example-cpp-tutorial
test-alpine-linux-cpp
test-build-cpp-fuzz
test-conda-cpp
test-conda-cpp-valgrind
test-cuda-cpp-ubuntu-20.04-cuda-11.2.2
test-cuda-cpp-ubuntu-22.04-cuda-11.7.1
test-debian-12-cpp-amd64
test-debian-12-cpp-i386
test-fedora-39-cpp
test-ubuntu-20.04-cpp
test-ubuntu-20.04-cpp-bundled
test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp
test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp-20
test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp-emscripten
test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp-no-threading
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-gcc-13-bundled
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-gcc-14
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-minimal-with-formats
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-thread-sanitizer

[kou]

+1

[conbench-apache-arrow]

After merging your PR, Conbench analyzed the 3 benchmarking runs that have been run so far on merge-commit 00de992.

There were no benchmark performance regressions. 🎉

The full Conbench report has more details. It also includes information about 4 possible false positives for unstable benchmarks that are known to sometimes produce them.

[dongjoon-hyun]

Thank you, @kou .