GH-51116: [C++] Update bundled Boost

[HuaHuaY]

Rationale for this change

The latest version of boost is 1.92.0. It fixes some bugs in the version used now. See #50978

What changes are included in this PR?

Update boost.

Are these changes tested?

Yes.

Are there any user-facing changes?

Yes.

• GitHub Issue: [C++] Update bundled Boost #51116

[github-actions]

⚠️ GitHub issue #51116has been automatically assigned in GitHub to PR creator.

[Copilot]

🟢 Approval recommended

The version/hash updates are consistent across the CMake toolchain and Meson wrap inputs, with no remaining mismatches found in the changed configuration.

Pull request overview

Updates Arrow C++’s bundled Boost dependency to 1.92.0, aligning the third-party version metadata and build inputs to pick up upstream fixes referenced in the linked issues.

Changes:

• Bump bundled Boost version/checksum to 1.92.0 in the third-party versions registry.
• Update the Meson wrap definition to download Boost 1.92.0 with the matching hash.
• Extend CMake’s Boost_ADDITIONAL_VERSIONS list to recognize newer Boost releases (1.90–1.92) when using FindBoost.

File summaries

File	Description
cpp/thirdparty/versions.txt	Updates Boost version and SHA256 used by Arrow’s thirdparty toolchain.
cpp/subprojects/boost.wrap	Updates Meson wrap download URL/hash/directory for Boost 1.92.0.
cpp/cmake_modules/ThirdpartyToolchain.cmake	Adds Boost 1.90–1.92 entries to Boost_ADDITIONAL_VERSIONS for CMake discovery.

Review details

• Files reviewed: 3/3 changed files
• Comments generated: 0
• Review effort level: Lite

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[github-actions]

Revision: b75157f

Submitted crossbow builds: ursacomputing/crossbow @ actions-75e80bae0f

Task	Status
example-cpp-minimal-build-static
example-cpp-minimal-build-static-system-dependency
example-cpp-tutorial
test-build-cpp-fuzz
test-conda-cpp
test-conda-cpp-valgrind
test-debian-13-cpp-amd64
test-debian-13-cpp-i386
test-debian-experimental-cpp-gcc-15
test-fedora-42-cpp
test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp
test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp-bundled
test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp-emscripten
test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp-no-threading
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-bundled-offline
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-gcc-13-bundled
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-gcc-14
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-minimal-with-formats
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-thread-sanitizer

[HuaHuaY]

@github-actions crossbow submit -g cpp -g r -g python -g example-cpp

[github-actions]

Revision: b75157f

Submitted crossbow builds: ursacomputing/crossbow @ actions-ced955448b

Task	Status
example-cpp-minimal-build-static
example-cpp-minimal-build-static-system-dependency
example-cpp-tutorial
example-python-minimal-build-fedora-conda
example-python-minimal-build-ubuntu-venv
r-binary-packages
r-recheck-most
test-build-cpp-fuzz
test-conda-cpp
test-conda-cpp-valgrind
test-conda-python-3.11
test-conda-python-3.11-dask-latest
test-conda-python-3.11-dask-upstream_devel
test-conda-python-3.11-hdfs-2.9.2
test-conda-python-3.11-hdfs-3.2.1
test-conda-python-3.11-hypothesis
test-conda-python-3.11-pandas-2.2.2-numpy-2.0.2
test-conda-python-3.11-spark-master
test-conda-python-3.12
test-conda-python-3.12-pandas-latest-numpy-latest
test-conda-python-3.13
test-conda-python-3.13-pandas-latest-numpy-2.1.3
test-conda-python-3.13-pandas-latest-numpy-latest
test-conda-python-3.14
test-conda-python-3.14-cpython-debug
test-conda-python-3.14-pandas-nightly-numpy-nightly
test-conda-python-3.14-pandas-upstream_devel-numpy-nightly
test-conda-python-emscripten
test-debian-13-cpp-amd64
test-debian-13-cpp-i386
test-debian-13-python-3-amd64
test-debian-13-python-3-i386
test-debian-experimental-cpp-gcc-15
test-fedora-42-cpp
test-fedora-42-python-3
test-r-alpine-linux-cran
test-r-arrow-backwards-compatibility
test-r-depsource-system
test-r-dev-duckdb
test-r-devdocs
test-r-extra-packages
test-r-fedora-clang
test-r-gcc-11
test-r-gcc-12
test-r-install-local
test-r-install-local-minsizerel
test-r-linux-as-cran
test-r-linux-rchk
test-r-linux-sanitizers
test-r-linux-valgrind
test-r-m1-san
test-r-macos-as-cran
test-r-offline-maximal
test-r-ubuntu-22.04
test-r-versions
test-r-wasm
test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp
test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp-bundled
test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp-emscripten
test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp-no-threading
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-bundled-offline
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-gcc-13-bundled
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-gcc-14
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-minimal-with-formats
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-thread-sanitizer
test-ubuntu-24.04-python-3