ARROW-10927: [Rust][Parquet] Add Decimal to ArrayBuilderReader

[sweb]

This PR introduces capabilities to construct a DecimalArray from Parquet files.

This is done by adding a new Converter<Vec<Option<ByteArray>>, DecimalArray> in parquet::arrow::converter:

pub struct DecimalArrayConverter {
precision: i32,
scale: i32,
}

It is then used in ArrayBuilderReader using a match guard to differentiate it from regular fixed size binaries:

 PhysicalType::FIXED_LEN_BYTE_ARRAY if cur_type.get_basic_info().logical_type() == LogicalType::DECIMAL =>

A test was added that uses a parquet file from PARQUET_TEST_DATA to check whether loading and casting to DecimalArray works. I did not find a corresponding json file with the correct values, but I used pyarrow to extract the correct values and hard coded them in the test.

I thought that this PR would require #8784 to be merged, but they are independent. I used the same JIRA issue here - I hope that this is okay.

[codecov-io]

Codecov Report

Merging #8880 (f2fc213) into master (d65ba4e) will decrease coverage by 0.00%.
The diff coverage is 75.40%.

@@ Coverage Diff @@## master #8880 +/- ##
==========================================
- Coverage 83.25% 83.24% -0.01% 
==========================================
Files 196 196 Lines 48116 48177 +61 ==========================================
+ Hits 40059 40106 +47 - Misses 8057 8071 +14 

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
rust/parquet/src/arrow/array_reader.rs	77.00% <52.38%> (-0.56%)	⬇️
rust/parquet/src/arrow/schema.rs	91.31% <63.63%> (-0.50%)	⬇️
rust/parquet/src/arrow/converter.rs	68.68% <94.44%> (+5.72%)	⬆️
rust/parquet/src/arrow/arrow_reader.rs	91.16% <100.00%> (+0.57%)	⬆️
rust/arrow/src/array/array_binary.rs	90.73% <0.00%> (+0.21%)	⬆️

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[github-actions]

https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-10674

[seddonm1]

Also https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-10818

[sweb]

Also https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-10818

@seddonm1 Thanks for mentioning this issue - I was not aware of it. Could you point me in the direction of some modules / tests I could use to get started with data fusion to help with it? Currently, DecimalArray is just a variant of FixedSizeBinaryArray that represents its value as i128 and I assume that ARROW-10818 requires some numeric operations on decimal values.

[seddonm1]

The TPC-H queries are fairly basic but do decimal operations like these which I think are all decimal type:

sum(l_quantity) as sum_qty,
sum(l_extendedprice) as sum_base_price,
sum(l_extendedprice * (1- l_discount)) as sum_disc_price,
sum(l_extendedprice * (1- l_discount) * (1+ l_tax)) as sum_charge,
avg(l_quantity) as avg_qty,
avg(l_extendedprice) as avg_price,
avg(l_discount) as avg_disc,

[jorgecarleitao]

@sweb , datafusion is built on top of the arrow crate, and relies on both the array types and the compute kernels.

Different nodes in the logical plan require different compute kernels. For example, cast, concat and take for sort, hashing for group-by ops with the type (if applicable), MutableArrayData for the join.

here is an example of a test that does not check IO with CSV, only the execute in memory.

I do not know if we have DecimalType on the files ARROW_TEST_DATA, but if yes, it is a matter of reading it in DataFusion and use it directly (and see where it breaks).

Essentially, almost everything that has a match datatype needs to be covered for a complete implementation.

[sweb]

@seddonm1@jorgecarleitao thank you for providing context! I will have a look and try to come up with a first implementation.

[nevi-me]

I used the same JIRA issue here - I hope that this is okay.

Please open a separate JIRA 😃

The Parquet spec supports reading decimal data from a few other types (i32, i64, binary) https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/LogicalTypes.md#decimal.

I think reading from FixedSizeList is a good start, but we should tackle the other types at some point. Also see #8926 where I've made similar changes.

[nevi-me]

LGTM

[sweb]

I used the same JIRA issue here - I hope that this is okay.

Please open a separate JIRA 😃

The Parquet spec supports reading decimal data from a few other types (i32, i64, binary) https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/LogicalTypes.md#decimal.

I think reading from FixedSizeList is a good start, but we should tackle the other types at some point. Also see #8926 where I've made similar changes.

@nevi-me thank you for your review! I have opened a new issue with a subtask specific to this PR. I will try to provide implementations for missing types (I only considered fixed size binary, since this is what I get from Spark ;)) and add the corresponding writers as well.

[github-actions]

https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-10927

[nevi-me]

That's interesting. I tried reading a fixed size binary today (interval) but Spark complained that it doesn't support reading fixed size binary. So I thought decimal might be backed by something else.

[seddonm1]

@nevi-me Here are the links to the Spark Parquet docs which talk about "legacy" mode which I think is what you are bumping into: https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-data-sources-parquet.html#configuration

[sweb]

Interesting - now I need to find out why we are writing files in legacy mode ;)

[andygrove]

Thanks @sweb. I would like to assign the JIRA to you but need to add you to the contributor role there first but I'm there are multiple JIRA accounts with your name. Could you let me know which one is yours?

[sweb]

Thanks @andygrove. florian.mueller is the correct one!

[nevi-me]

@andygrove@sweb we've got CI failures, I suspect we merged too many changes without rebasing.

[andygrove]

Thanks @nevi-me I am looking now

[andygrove]

I will revert this PR for now

[nevi-me]

The reason of the failure is not obvious to me. @sweb we'll need to rebase changes after we reopen this PR, so we can see what the issue is.

[sweb]

@nevi-me@andygrove I will take a look at it and try to resolve it once master is stable and this PR is reopened.

[sweb]

@nevi-me@andygrove I fixed the issue. There is still a CI failure, though I think that this is unrelated and just a hickup. Is there a way to restart the CI job without whitespace-commit?

[nevi-me]

I've restarted the job, we can merge this after CI is all green. Thanks @sweb