MINOR: User Guide: Move Data Types and Information Schema to their own pages

[andygrove]

Which issue does this PR close?

N/A

Rationale for this change

Move important content into more prominent location

What changes are included in this PR?

• Move Data Types from sql_status to new page
• Move Information Schema from sql_status to new page
• Delete some now redundant content from sql_status

Are there any user-facing changes?

No

[andygrove]

Removed this since this is covered already in "SELECT syntax" page

[andygrove]

Removed this since most of the functions are now documented in the SQL reference

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Merging #3131 (6fccf69) into master (b1765f7) will decrease coverage by 0.07%.
The diff coverage is n/a.

@@ Coverage Diff @@## master #3131 +/- ##
==========================================
- Coverage 85.95% 85.88% -0.08% 
==========================================
Files 291 291 Lines 52382 52758 +376 ==========================================
+ Hits 45025 45310 +285 - Misses 7357 7448 +91 

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
...on/physical-expr/src/expressions/binary/kernels.rs	52.17% <0.00%> (-10.99%)	⬇️
...ore/src/physical_plan/file_format/chunked_store.rs	62.26% <0.00%> (-5.09%)	⬇️
...tafusion/physical-expr/src/expressions/datetime.rs	84.22% <0.00%> (-2.58%)	⬇️
datafusion/core/tests/path_partition.rs	84.92% <0.00%> (-0.87%)	⬇️
datafusion/core/tests/sql/mod.rs	96.94% <0.00%> (-0.85%)	⬇️
datafusion/expr/src/window_frame.rs	92.43% <0.00%> (-0.85%)	⬇️
...sion/core/src/physical_plan/file_format/parquet.rs	94.56% <0.00%> (-0.79%)	⬇️
...afusion/core/src/datasource/file_format/parquet.rs	85.57% <0.00%> (-0.70%)	⬇️
datafusion/common/src/scalar.rs	84.61% <0.00%> (-0.28%)	⬇️
datafusion/core/tests/sql/timestamp.rs	99.81% <0.00%> (-0.19%)	⬇️
... and 7 more

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[alamb]

Looking good -- I added some suggestions as our type support has improved

[ursabot]

Benchmark runs are scheduled for baseline = 4876cd6 and contender = d9dab92. d9dab92 is a master commit associated with this PR. Results will be available as each benchmark for each run completes.
Conbench compare runs links:
[Skipped ⚠️ Benchmarking of arrow-datafusion-commits is not supported on ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2] ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2
[Skipped ⚠️ Benchmarking of arrow-datafusion-commits is not supported on test-mac-arm] test-mac-arm
[Skipped ⚠️ Benchmarking of arrow-datafusion-commits is not supported on ursa-i9-9960x] ursa-i9-9960x
[Skipped ⚠️ Benchmarking of arrow-datafusion-commits is not supported on ursa-thinkcentre-m75q] ursa-thinkcentre-m75q
Buildkite builds:
Supported benchmarks:
ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2: Supported benchmark langs: Python, R. Runs only benchmarks with cloud = True
test-mac-arm: Supported benchmark langs: C++, Python, R
ursa-i9-9960x: Supported benchmark langs: Python, R, JavaScript
ursa-thinkcentre-m75q: Supported benchmark langs: C++, Java