branch-4.0: [opt](memory) add BE-level cache for load tablet schemas

[sollhui]

pick #63508

[hello-stephen]

Thank you for your contribution to Apache Doris.
Don't know what should be done next? See How to process your PR.

Please clearly describe your PR:

1. What problem was fixed (it's best to include specific error reporting information). How it was fixed.
2. Which behaviors were modified. What was the previous behavior, what is it now, why was it modified, and what possible impacts might there be.
3. What features were added. Why was this function added?
4. Which code was refactored and why was this part of the code refactored?
5. Which functions were optimized and what is the difference before and after the optimization?

[sollhui]

run buildall

[hello-stephen]

BE UT Coverage Report

Increment line coverage 68.03% (83/122) 🎉

Increment coverage report
Complete coverage report

Category	Coverage
Function Coverage	53.34% (19461/36483)
Line Coverage	36.47% (181954/498928)
Region Coverage	33.04% (141298/427594)
Branch Coverage	33.92% (61182/180360)

[hello-stephen]

BE Regression && UT Coverage Report

Increment line coverage 98.36% (120/122) 🎉

Increment coverage report
Complete coverage report

Category	Coverage
Function Coverage	71.45% (25517/35714)
Line Coverage	54.32% (270524/498054)
Region Coverage	51.88% (224082/431912)
Branch Coverage	53.28% (96439/180993)