branch-4.0: [fix](docker)(case) Restore Kerberos/Paimon external env and fix flaky file cache cases - #66254

Node.js 20 is deprecated. The following actions target Node.js 20 but are being forced to run on Node.js 24: ./.github/actions/paths-filter, actions/setup-python@v5. For more information see: https://github.blog/changelog/2025-09-19-deprecation-of-node-20-on-github-actions-runners/