[SPARK-51541][SQL] Support the TIME data type in Literal methods

[MaxGekk]

What changes were proposed in this pull request?

In the PR, I propose to support new data type TIME in Literal's methods such as:

• default()
• sql()
• toString()
• componentTypeToDataType()

Why are the changes needed?

To output literals of the TIME data type in human readable format. In particular, the column names are formatted by default with internal representation. See the example below where 43200000000 is a column name:

spark-sql (default)>descselecttime'12:00';
43200000000time(6)

Does this PR introduce any user-facing change?

Yes. After the changes, TIME literals are in human readable format. For the example above:

spark-sql (default)>descselecttime'12:00';
TIME'12:00:00'time(6)

How was this patch tested?

By running the modified test suites:

$ build/sbt "test:testOnly *LiteralExpressionSuite"
$ build/sbt "sql/testOnly org.apache.spark.sql.SQLQueryTestSuite -- -z time.sql"

Was this patch authored or co-authored using generative AI tooling?

No.

[yaooqinn]

LGTM

[LuciferYang]

LGTM

[MaxGekk]

Merging to master. Thank you, @yaooqinn@LuciferYang for review.

[beliefer]

LGTM.