Fix tsfile-cli clean-build race and harden CLI validation

[SpriCoder]

Summary

Build fix.tsfile_cli_obj compiles against the staged include tree (LIBRARY_INCLUDE_DIR) but had no dependency on the copy_* targets that populate it, so a clean parallel build could fail with fatal error: 'common/db_common.h' file not found — deterministically reproducible with make tsfile_cli_obj in a fresh build directory. This adds the missing add_dependencies(tsfile_cli_obj tsfile) edge (tsfile transitively depends on all header-staging targets). Include paths stay on CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR, which is also correct when cpp/ is embedded by an outer project via add_subdirectory. Supersedes #835.

Crash fix.sample -n <huge value> aborted via an uncaught std::length_error from reservoir.reserve(). The pre-allocation is now capped (the reservoir still grows to -n as rows actually arrive) and main gets a last-resort exception handler so e.g. std::bad_alloc reports an error instead of SIGABRT.

Validation & diagnostics.

• --offset is rejected on non-row commands, --model on write, matching the existing "reject instead of silently ignore" policy
• write names the specific offending read-only flag instead of read-only flags are not valid for write
• head/cat/sample/schema now error when -d/-t does not match the file's data model instead of silently ignoring the filter (previously head -d dev1 on a table-model file printed all rows unfiltered)
• open/create failures include the storage error code (cannot open x.tsfile: file is corrupted (code N)) instead of one lumped message
• numeric flag values detect overflow via ERANGE (previously -n 9...9 silently clamped to LLONG_MAX)

Output correctness. Non-finite FLOAT/DOUBLE cells are emitted as null in JSON output — bare nan/inf is not valid JSON and broke jq/json.loads consumers.

Docs. README/SKILL: -m also applies to stats/count; count covers all tables (not first-table-only); note that the table format buffers all rows in memory to align columns.

Test plan

• Clean-dir build: fresh cmake + make tsfile_cli -j8 succeeds (previously raced/failed); make tsfile_cli_obj alone also succeeds
• CSV → tsfile round-trip: write + count/cat/stats/ls/meta/schema/head/sample regression on macOS
• Every new validation path exercised with expected message and exit code (1 usage / 2 file)
• sample -n 4611686018427387904 returns rows, exit 0 (previously SIGABRT)
• JSON output (incl. NaN/Inf cells) validated with python json.loads
• ./mvnw spotless:apply -P with-cpp produces no further changes