Add a cache for compiled regex patterns#459

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pkwarren merged 1 commit into from
Apr 24, 2026
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Add a cache for compiled regex patterns #459

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10 changes: 10 additions & 0 deletions benchmarks/src/jmh/java/build/buf/protovalidate/benchmarks/ValidationBenchmark.java
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Expand Up@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
import build.buf.protovalidate.Validator;
import build.buf.protovalidate.ValidatorFactory;
import build.buf.protovalidate.benchmarks.gen.ManyUnruledFieldsMessage;
import build.buf.protovalidate.benchmarks.gen.RegexPatternMessage;
import build.buf.protovalidate.benchmarks.gen.RepeatedRuleMessage;
import build.buf.protovalidate.benchmarks.gen.SimpleStringMessage;
import build.buf.protovalidate.exceptions.ValidationException;
Expand All@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ public class ValidationBenchmark {
private SimpleStringMessage simple;
private ManyUnruledFieldsMessage manyUnruled;
private RepeatedRuleMessage repeatedRule;
private RegexPatternMessage regexPattern;

@Setup
public void setup() throws ValidationException {
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -67,10 +69,13 @@ public void setup() throws ValidationException {
}
repeatedRule = repeatedRuleBuilder.build();

regexPattern = RegexPatternMessage.newBuilder().setName("Alice Example").build();

// Warm evaluator cache for steady-state benchmarks.
validator.validate(simple);
validator.validate(manyUnruled);
validator.validate(repeatedRule);
validator.validate(regexPattern);
}

// Steady-state validate() benchmarks. These exercise the hot path after the
Expand All@@ -90,4 +95,9 @@ public void validateManyUnruled(Blackhole bh) throws ValidationException {
public void validateRepeatedRule(Blackhole bh) throws ValidationException {
bh.consume(validator.validate(repeatedRule));
}

@Benchmark
public void validateRegexPattern(Blackhole bh) throws ValidationException {

@pkwarrenpkwarrenApr 24, 2026

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Results:

benchmark metric before after delta
validateRegexPattern time 1873.21 ns/op 1323.61 ns/op -29.3%
validateRegexPattern alloc 7828 B/op 4272 B/op -45.4%

bh.consume(validator.validate(regexPattern));
}
}
10 changes: 10 additions & 0 deletions benchmarks/src/jmh/proto/bench/v1/bench.proto
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Expand Up@@ -69,3 +69,13 @@ message RepeatedRuleMessage {
string f19 = 19 [(buf.validate.field).string.min_len = 1];
string f20 = 20 [(buf.validate.field).string.min_len = 1];
}

// Single string field with a string.pattern rule. Targets the regex
// recompile-per-evaluation cost: the CEL runtime's matches() calls
// Pattern.compile on every invocation.
message RegexPatternMessage {
string name = 1 [(buf.validate.field).string = {
pattern: "^[[:alpha:]]+( [[:alpha:]]+)*$"
max_bytes: 256
}];
}
1 change: 1 addition & 0 deletions build.gradle.kts
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Expand Up@@ -398,6 +398,7 @@ dependencies {
api(libs.jspecify)
api(libs.protobuf.java)
implementation(libs.cel)
implementation(libs.re2j)

buf("build.buf:buf:${libs.versions.buf.get()}:${osdetector.classifier}@exe")

Expand Down
2 changes: 2 additions & 0 deletions gradle/libs.versions.toml
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Expand Up@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ error-prone = "2.49.0"
junit = "5.14.3"
maven-publish = "0.36.0"
protobuf = "4.34.1"
re2j = "1.8"

[libraries]
assertj = { module = "org.assertj:assertj-core", version.ref = "assertj" }
Expand All@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ junit-bom = { module = "org.junit:junit-bom", version.ref = "junit" }
maven-plugin = { module = "com.vanniktech:gradle-maven-publish-plugin", version.ref = "maven-publish" }
nullaway = { module = "com.uber.nullaway:nullaway", version = "0.13.3" }
protobuf-java = { module = "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java", version.ref = "protobuf" }
re2j = { module = "com.google.re2j:re2j", version.ref = "re2j" }
spotless = { module = "com.diffplug.spotless:spotless-plugin-gradle", version = "8.4.0" }

[plugins]
Expand Down
11 changes: 11 additions & 0 deletions src/main/java/build/buf/protovalidate/CustomDeclarations.java
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Expand Up@@ -104,6 +104,17 @@ static List<CelFunctionDecl> create() {
newMemberOverload(
"is_hostname", SimpleType.BOOL, Collections.singletonList(SimpleType.STRING))));

// Redeclare 'matches' with the same overload ids as the stdlib.
decls.add(
newFunctionDeclaration(
"matches",
newGlobalOverload(
"matches", SimpleType.BOOL, Arrays.asList(SimpleType.STRING, SimpleType.STRING)),
newMemberOverload(
"matches_string",
SimpleType.BOOL,
Arrays.asList(SimpleType.STRING, SimpleType.STRING))));

decls.add(
newFunctionDeclaration(
"isHostAndPort",
Expand Down
52 changes: 48 additions & 4 deletions src/main/java/build/buf/protovalidate/CustomOverload.java
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Expand Up@@ -16,6 +16,10 @@

import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors;
import com.google.protobuf.Message;
import com.google.re2j.Matcher;
import com.google.re2j.Pattern;
import com.google.re2j.PatternSyntaxException;
import dev.cel.common.CelOptions;
import dev.cel.common.types.CelType;
import dev.cel.common.types.SimpleType;
import dev.cel.common.values.CelByteString;
Expand All@@ -28,7 +32,7 @@
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;

/** Defines custom function overloads (the implementation). */
final class CustomOverload {
Expand All@@ -39,11 +43,14 @@ final class CustomOverload {
"^[a-zA-Z0-9.!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?(?:\\.[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?)*$");

/**
* Create custom function overload list.
* Create a list of custom function overloads.
*
* @param patternCache cache used by the {@code matches}/{@code matches_string} overrides.
* @param celOptions CEL options the enclosing runtime is built with.
* @return a list of overloaded functions.
*/
static List<CelFunctionBinding> create() {
static List<CelFunctionBinding> create(
ConcurrentMap<String, Pattern> patternCache, CelOptions celOptions) {
ArrayList<CelFunctionBinding> bindings = new ArrayList<>();
bindings.addAll(
Arrays.asList(
Expand All@@ -65,7 +72,9 @@ static List<CelFunctionBinding> create() {
celIsNan(),
celIsInfUnary(),
celIsInfBinary(),
celIsHostAndPort()));
celIsHostAndPort(),
celMatches(patternCache, celOptions),
celMatchesString(patternCache, celOptions)));
bindings.addAll(celUnique());
return Collections.unmodifiableList(bindings);
}
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -356,6 +365,41 @@ private static CelFunctionBinding celIsHostAndPort() {
CustomOverload::isHostAndPort);
}

/** Caching replacement for CEL's global {@code matches(string, string)}. */
@SuppressWarnings("Immutable")
private static CelFunctionBinding celMatches(
ConcurrentMap<String, Pattern> patternCache, CelOptions celOptions) {
return CelFunctionBinding.from(
"matches",
String.class,
String.class,
(value, regex) -> matches(patternCache, celOptions, value, regex));
}

/** Caching replacement for CEL's member-style {@code string.matches(string)}. */
@SuppressWarnings("Immutable")
private static CelFunctionBinding celMatchesString(
ConcurrentMap<String, Pattern> patternCache, CelOptions celOptions) {
return CelFunctionBinding.from(
"matches_string",
String.class,
String.class,
(value, regex) -> matches(patternCache, celOptions, value, regex));
}

private static boolean matches(
ConcurrentMap<String, Pattern> cache, CelOptions celOptions, String value, String regex)
throws CelEvaluationException {
Pattern pattern;
try {
pattern = cache.computeIfAbsent(regex, Pattern::compile);
} catch (PatternSyntaxException e) {
throw new CelEvaluationException("failed to compile regex: " + e.getMessage(), e);
}
Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(value);
return celOptions.enableRegexPartialMatch() ? matcher.find() : matcher.matches();
}

/**
* Returns true if the string is a valid host/port pair, for example "example.com:8080".
*
Expand Down
37 changes: 36 additions & 1 deletion src/main/java/build/buf/protovalidate/ValidateLibrary.java
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Expand Up@@ -14,24 +14,59 @@

package build.buf.protovalidate;

import com.google.re2j.Pattern;
import dev.cel.bundle.Cel;
import dev.cel.bundle.CelFactory;
import dev.cel.checker.CelCheckerBuilder;
import dev.cel.checker.CelStandardDeclarations;
import dev.cel.common.CelOptions;
import dev.cel.common.CelVarDecl;
import dev.cel.common.types.SimpleType;
import dev.cel.compiler.CelCompilerLibrary;
import dev.cel.extensions.CelExtensions;
import dev.cel.parser.CelParserBuilder;
import dev.cel.parser.CelStandardMacro;
import dev.cel.runtime.CelRuntimeBuilder;
import dev.cel.runtime.CelRuntimeLibrary;
import dev.cel.runtime.CelStandardFunctions;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;

/**
* Custom {@link CelCompilerLibrary} and {@link CelRuntimeLibrary}. Provides all the custom
* extension function definitions and overloads.
*/
final class ValidateLibrary implements CelCompilerLibrary, CelRuntimeLibrary {

private static final CelOptions CEL_OPTIONS = CelOptions.DEFAULT;

private final ConcurrentMap<String, Pattern> patternCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();

@pkwarrenpkwarrenApr 24, 2026

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Unlike the proposed fix in cel-expr/cel-java#1038, this cache is scoped to a Validator and not global.


/** Creates a ValidateLibrary with all custom declarations and overloads. */
ValidateLibrary() {}

static Cel newCel() {
ValidateLibrary validateLibrary = new ValidateLibrary();
// NOTE: CelExtensions.strings() does not implement string.reverse() or strings.quote() which
// are available in protovalidate-go. Fixed in https://github.com/google/cel-java/pull/998.
return CelFactory.standardCelBuilder()
.setOptions(CEL_OPTIONS)
// Drop stdlib matches; CustomOverload provides a caching replacement.
// Ref: https://github.com/google/cel-java/issues/1038
.setStandardEnvironmentEnabled(false)
.setStandardDeclarations(
CelStandardDeclarations.newBuilder()
.excludeFunctions(CelStandardDeclarations.StandardFunction.MATCHES)
.build())
.setStandardFunctions(
CelStandardFunctions.newBuilder()
.excludeFunctions(CelStandardFunctions.StandardFunction.MATCHES)
.build())
.addCompilerLibraries(validateLibrary, CelExtensions.strings())
.addRuntimeLibraries(validateLibrary, CelExtensions.strings())
.build();
}

@Override
public void setParserOptions(CelParserBuilder parserBuilder) {
parserBuilder.setStandardMacros(
Expand All@@ -54,6 +89,6 @@ public void setCheckerOptions(CelCheckerBuilder checkerBuilder) {

@Override
public void setRuntimeOptions(CelRuntimeBuilder runtimeBuilder) {
runtimeBuilder.addFunctionBindings(CustomOverload.create());
runtimeBuilder.addFunctionBindings(CustomOverload.create(patternCache, CEL_OPTIONS));
}
}
21 changes: 3 additions & 18 deletions src/main/java/build/buf/protovalidate/ValidatorImpl.java
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Expand Up@@ -18,10 +18,6 @@
import build.buf.protovalidate.exceptions.ValidationException;
import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor;
import com.google.protobuf.Message;
import dev.cel.bundle.Cel;
import dev.cel.bundle.CelFactory;
import dev.cel.common.CelOptions;
import dev.cel.extensions.CelExtensions;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

Expand All@@ -36,13 +32,14 @@ final class ValidatorImpl implements Validator {
private final boolean failFast;

ValidatorImpl(Config config) {
this.evaluatorBuilder = new EvaluatorBuilder(newCel(), config);
this.evaluatorBuilder = new EvaluatorBuilder(ValidateLibrary.newCel(), config);
this.failFast = config.isFailFast();
}

ValidatorImpl(Config config, List<Descriptor> descriptors, boolean disableLazy)
throws CompilationException {
this.evaluatorBuilder = new EvaluatorBuilder(newCel(), config, descriptors, disableLazy);
this.evaluatorBuilder =
new EvaluatorBuilder(ValidateLibrary.newCel(), config, descriptors, disableLazy);
this.failFast = config.isFailFast();
}

Expand All@@ -63,16 +60,4 @@ public ValidationResult validate(Message msg) throws ValidationException {
}
return new ValidationResult(violations);
}

private static Cel newCel() {
ValidateLibrary validateLibrary = new ValidateLibrary();
// NOTE: CelExtensions.strings() does not implement string.reverse() or strings.quote() which
// are available in protovalidate-go.
return CelFactory.standardCelBuilder()
.addCompilerLibraries(validateLibrary, CelExtensions.strings())
.addRuntimeLibraries(validateLibrary, CelExtensions.strings())
.setOptions(
CelOptions.DEFAULT.toBuilder().evaluateCanonicalTypesToNativeValues(true).build())
.build();
}
}
24 changes: 14 additions & 10 deletions src/test/java/build/buf/protovalidate/CustomOverloadTest.java
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Expand Up@@ -18,9 +18,7 @@
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatThrownBy;

import dev.cel.bundle.Cel;
import dev.cel.bundle.CelFactory;
import dev.cel.common.CelAbstractSyntaxTree;
import dev.cel.common.CelOptions;
import dev.cel.common.CelValidationException;
import dev.cel.common.CelValidationResult;
import dev.cel.runtime.CelEvaluationException;
Expand All@@ -31,14 +29,7 @@

public class CustomOverloadTest {

private final ValidateLibrary validateLibrary = new ValidateLibrary();
private final Cel cel =
CelFactory.standardCelBuilder()
.addCompilerLibraries(validateLibrary)
.addRuntimeLibraries(validateLibrary)
.setOptions(
CelOptions.DEFAULT.toBuilder().evaluateCanonicalTypesToNativeValues(true).build())
Comment thread
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.build();
private final Cel cel = ValidateLibrary.newCel();

@Test
public void testIsInf() throws Exception {
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -173,6 +164,19 @@ public void testBytesContains() throws Exception {
assertThat(evalToBool("bytes('12345').contains(bytes('123456'))")).isFalse();
}

@Test
public void testMatchesPartialMatch() throws Exception {
// CelOptions.DEFAULT sets enableRegexPartialMatch(true), so an unanchored regex should
// match anywhere in the input (find()), not require a full-string match.
assertThat(evalToBool("'hello world'.matches('world')")).isTrue();
assertThat(evalToBool("'hello world'.matches('ell')")).isTrue();
// Anchored patterns still behave the same.
assertThat(evalToBool("'hello'.matches('^hello$')")).isTrue();
assertThat(evalToBool("'hello world'.matches('^hello$')")).isFalse();
// Global form.
assertThat(evalToBool("matches('hello world', 'world')")).isTrue();
}

private Object eval(String source) throws Exception {
return eval(source, Collections.emptyMap());
}
Expand Down
11 changes: 1 addition & 10 deletions src/test/java/build/buf/protovalidate/FormatTest.java
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Expand Up@@ -26,8 +26,6 @@
import com.google.protobuf.TextFormat;
import dev.cel.bundle.Cel;
import dev.cel.bundle.CelBuilder;
import dev.cel.bundle.CelFactory;
import dev.cel.common.CelOptions;
import dev.cel.common.CelValidationException;
import dev.cel.common.CelValidationResult;
import dev.cel.common.types.SimpleType;
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -87,14 +85,7 @@ public static void setUp() throws Exception {
.flatMap(s -> s.getTestList().stream())
.collect(Collectors.toList());

ValidateLibrary validateLibrary = new ValidateLibrary();
cel =
CelFactory.standardCelBuilder()
.addCompilerLibraries(validateLibrary)
.addRuntimeLibraries(validateLibrary)
.setOptions(
CelOptions.DEFAULT.toBuilder().evaluateCanonicalTypesToNativeValues(true).build())
.build();
cel = ValidateLibrary.newCel();
}

@ParameterizedTest
Expand Down
Loading
, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { injectUserscript("// Add copy buttons to all 
 blocks\n(function() {\n function addCopyButtons() {\n document.querySelectorAll('pre code').forEach(function(codeBlock) {\n if (codeBlock.parentElement.hasAttribute('data-copy-added')) return;\n codeBlock.parentElement.setAttribute('data-copy-added', 'true');\n \n var btn = document.createElement('button');\n btn.textContent = 'Copy';\n btn.style.cssText = 'position:absolute;top:4px;right:4px;padding:2px 8px;font-size:11px;background:#4ecdc4;border:none;border-radius:4px;color:#1a1a2e;cursor:pointer;opacity:0.7;transition:opacity 0.2s;';\n btn.onmouseover = function() { this.style.opacity = '1'; };\n btn.onmouseout = function() { this.style.opacity = '0.7'; };\n btn.onclick = function() {\n navigator.clipboard.writeText(codeBlock.textContent).then(function() {\n btn.textContent = 'Copied!';\n setTimeout(function() { btn.textContent = 'Copy'; }, 1500);\n });\n };\n codeBlock.parentElement.style.position = 'relative';\n codeBlock.parentElement.appendChild(btn);\n });\n }\n \n addCopyButtons();\n \n // Re-run on dynamic content\n var observer = new MutationObserver(addCopyButtons);\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });\n})();", "Add Copy Buttons to Code Blocks");
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Add Copy Buttons to Code Blocks]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "github.com";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + "github\\.com" + '

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Add a cache for compiled regex patterns#459

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 Merged

pkwarren
merged 1 commit into

from

Apr 24, 2026
 Merged


Add a cache for compiled regex patterns
#459
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10 changes: 10 additions & 0 deletions
benchmarks/src/jmh/java/build/buf/protovalidate/benchmarks/ValidationBenchmark.java

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
import build.buf.protovalidate.Validator;
import build.buf.protovalidate.ValidatorFactory;
import build.buf.protovalidate.benchmarks.gen.ManyUnruledFieldsMessage;
import build.buf.protovalidate.benchmarks.gen.RegexPatternMessage;
import build.buf.protovalidate.benchmarks.gen.RepeatedRuleMessage;
import build.buf.protovalidate.benchmarks.gen.SimpleStringMessage;
import build.buf.protovalidate.exceptions.ValidationException;
Expand All@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ public class ValidationBenchmark {
 private SimpleStringMessage simple;
 private ManyUnruledFieldsMessage manyUnruled;
 private RepeatedRuleMessage repeatedRule;
 private RegexPatternMessage regexPattern;

 @Setup
 public void setup() throws ValidationException {
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -67,10 +69,13 @@ public void setup() throws ValidationException {
 }
 repeatedRule = repeatedRuleBuilder.build();

 regexPattern = RegexPatternMessage.newBuilder().setName("Alice Example").build();

 // Warm evaluator cache for steady-state benchmarks.
 validator.validate(simple);
 validator.validate(manyUnruled);
 validator.validate(repeatedRule);
 validator.validate(regexPattern);
 }

 // Steady-state validate() benchmarks. These exercise the hot path after the
Expand All@@ -90,4 +95,9 @@ public void validateManyUnruled(Blackhole bh) throws ValidationException {
 public void validateRepeatedRule(Blackhole bh) throws ValidationException {
 bh.consume(validator.validate(repeatedRule));
 }

 @Benchmark
 public void validateRegexPattern(Blackhole bh) throws ValidationException {
@pkwarrenpkwarrenApr 24, 2026

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Results:
benchmark metric before after delta
validateRegexPattern time 1873.21 ns/op 1323.61 ns/op -29.3%
validateRegexPattern alloc 7828 B/op 4272 B/op -45.4%

 bh.consume(validator.validate(regexPattern));
 }
}

10 changes: 10 additions & 0 deletions
benchmarks/src/jmh/proto/bench/v1/bench.proto

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -69,3 +69,13 @@ message RepeatedRuleMessage {
 string f19 = 19 [(buf.validate.field).string.min_len = 1];
 string f20 = 20 [(buf.validate.field).string.min_len = 1];
}

// Single string field with a string.pattern rule. Targets the regex
// recompile-per-evaluation cost: the CEL runtime's matches() calls
// Pattern.compile on every invocation.
message RegexPatternMessage {
 string name = 1 [(buf.validate.field).string = {
 pattern: "^[[:alpha:]]+( [[:alpha:]]+)*$"
 max_bytes: 256
 }];
}

1 change: 1 addition & 0 deletions
build.gradle.kts

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -398,6 +398,7 @@ dependencies {
 api(libs.jspecify)
 api(libs.protobuf.java)
 implementation(libs.cel)
 implementation(libs.re2j)

 buf("build.buf:buf:${libs.versions.buf.get()}:${osdetector.classifier}@exe")

Expand Down

2 changes: 2 additions & 0 deletions
gradle/libs.versions.toml

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ error-prone = "2.49.0"
junit = "5.14.3"
maven-publish = "0.36.0"
protobuf = "4.34.1"
re2j = "1.8"

[libraries]
assertj = { module = "org.assertj:assertj-core", version.ref = "assertj" }
Expand All@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ junit-bom = { module = "org.junit:junit-bom", version.ref = "junit" }
maven-plugin = { module = "com.vanniktech:gradle-maven-publish-plugin", version.ref = "maven-publish" }
nullaway = { module = "com.uber.nullaway:nullaway", version = "0.13.3" }
protobuf-java = { module = "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java", version.ref = "protobuf" }
re2j = { module = "com.google.re2j:re2j", version.ref = "re2j" }
spotless = { module = "com.diffplug.spotless:spotless-plugin-gradle", version = "8.4.0" }

[plugins]
Expand Down

11 changes: 11 additions & 0 deletions
src/main/java/build/buf/protovalidate/CustomDeclarations.java

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -104,6 +104,17 @@ static List<CelFunctionDecl> create() {
 newMemberOverload(
 "is_hostname", SimpleType.BOOL, Collections.singletonList(SimpleType.STRING))));

 // Redeclare 'matches' with the same overload ids as the stdlib.
 decls.add(
 newFunctionDeclaration(
 "matches",
 newGlobalOverload(
 "matches", SimpleType.BOOL, Arrays.asList(SimpleType.STRING, SimpleType.STRING)),
 newMemberOverload(
 "matches_string",
 SimpleType.BOOL,
 Arrays.asList(SimpleType.STRING, SimpleType.STRING))));

 decls.add(
 newFunctionDeclaration(
 "isHostAndPort",
Expand Down

52 changes: 48 additions & 4 deletions
src/main/java/build/buf/protovalidate/CustomOverload.java

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -16,6 +16,10 @@

import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors;
import com.google.protobuf.Message;
import com.google.re2j.Matcher;
import com.google.re2j.Pattern;
import com.google.re2j.PatternSyntaxException;
import dev.cel.common.CelOptions;
import dev.cel.common.types.CelType;
import dev.cel.common.types.SimpleType;
import dev.cel.common.values.CelByteString;
Expand All@@ -28,7 +32,7 @@
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;

/** Defines custom function overloads (the implementation). */
final class CustomOverload {
Expand All@@ -39,11 +43,14 @@ final class CustomOverload {
 "^[a-zA-Z0-9.!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?(?:\\.[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?)*$");

 /**
 * Create custom function overload list.
 * Create a list of custom function overloads.
 *
 * @param patternCache cache used by the {@code matches}/{@code matches_string} overrides.
 * @param celOptions CEL options the enclosing runtime is built with.
 * @return a list of overloaded functions.
 */
 static List<CelFunctionBinding> create() {
 static List<CelFunctionBinding> create(
 ConcurrentMap<String, Pattern> patternCache, CelOptions celOptions) {
 ArrayList<CelFunctionBinding> bindings = new ArrayList<>();
 bindings.addAll(
 Arrays.asList(
Expand All@@ -65,7 +72,9 @@ static List<CelFunctionBinding> create() {
 celIsNan(),
 celIsInfUnary(),
 celIsInfBinary(),
 celIsHostAndPort()));
 celIsHostAndPort(),
 celMatches(patternCache, celOptions),
 celMatchesString(patternCache, celOptions)));
 bindings.addAll(celUnique());
 return Collections.unmodifiableList(bindings);
 }
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -356,6 +365,41 @@ private static CelFunctionBinding celIsHostAndPort() {
 CustomOverload::isHostAndPort);
 }

 /** Caching replacement for CEL's global {@code matches(string, string)}. */
 @SuppressWarnings("Immutable")
 private static CelFunctionBinding celMatches(
 ConcurrentMap<String, Pattern> patternCache, CelOptions celOptions) {
 return CelFunctionBinding.from(
 "matches",
 String.class,
 String.class,
 (value, regex) -> matches(patternCache, celOptions, value, regex));
 }

 /** Caching replacement for CEL's member-style {@code string.matches(string)}. */
 @SuppressWarnings("Immutable")
 private static CelFunctionBinding celMatchesString(
 ConcurrentMap<String, Pattern> patternCache, CelOptions celOptions) {
 return CelFunctionBinding.from(
 "matches_string",
 String.class,
 String.class,
 (value, regex) -> matches(patternCache, celOptions, value, regex));
 }

 private static boolean matches(
 ConcurrentMap<String, Pattern> cache, CelOptions celOptions, String value, String regex)
 throws CelEvaluationException {
 Pattern pattern;
 try {
 pattern = cache.computeIfAbsent(regex, Pattern::compile);
 } catch (PatternSyntaxException e) {
 throw new CelEvaluationException("failed to compile regex: " + e.getMessage(), e);
 }
 Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(value);
 return celOptions.enableRegexPartialMatch() ? matcher.find() : matcher.matches();
 }

 /**
 * Returns true if the string is a valid host/port pair, for example "example.com:8080".
 *
Expand Down

37 changes: 36 additions & 1 deletion
src/main/java/build/buf/protovalidate/ValidateLibrary.java

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Expand Up@@ -14,24 +14,59 @@

package build.buf.protovalidate;

import com.google.re2j.Pattern;
import dev.cel.bundle.Cel;
import dev.cel.bundle.CelFactory;
import dev.cel.checker.CelCheckerBuilder;
import dev.cel.checker.CelStandardDeclarations;
import dev.cel.common.CelOptions;
import dev.cel.common.CelVarDecl;
import dev.cel.common.types.SimpleType;
import dev.cel.compiler.CelCompilerLibrary;
import dev.cel.extensions.CelExtensions;
import dev.cel.parser.CelParserBuilder;
import dev.cel.parser.CelStandardMacro;
import dev.cel.runtime.CelRuntimeBuilder;
import dev.cel.runtime.CelRuntimeLibrary;
import dev.cel.runtime.CelStandardFunctions;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;

/**
 * Custom {@link CelCompilerLibrary} and {@link CelRuntimeLibrary}. Provides all the custom
 * extension function definitions and overloads.
 */
final class ValidateLibrary implements CelCompilerLibrary, CelRuntimeLibrary {

 private static final CelOptions CEL_OPTIONS = CelOptions.DEFAULT;

 private final ConcurrentMap<String, Pattern> patternCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
@pkwarrenpkwarrenApr 24, 2026

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Unlike the proposed fix in cel-expr/cel-java#1038, this cache is scoped to a Validator and not global.

 /** Creates a ValidateLibrary with all custom declarations and overloads. */
 ValidateLibrary() {}

 static Cel newCel() {
 ValidateLibrary validateLibrary = new ValidateLibrary();
 // NOTE: CelExtensions.strings() does not implement string.reverse() or strings.quote() which
 // are available in protovalidate-go. Fixed in https://github.com/google/cel-java/pull/998.
 return CelFactory.standardCelBuilder()
 .setOptions(CEL_OPTIONS)
 // Drop stdlib matches; CustomOverload provides a caching replacement.
 // Ref: https://github.com/google/cel-java/issues/1038
 .setStandardEnvironmentEnabled(false)
 .setStandardDeclarations(
 CelStandardDeclarations.newBuilder()
 .excludeFunctions(CelStandardDeclarations.StandardFunction.MATCHES)
 .build())
 .setStandardFunctions(
 CelStandardFunctions.newBuilder()
 .excludeFunctions(CelStandardFunctions.StandardFunction.MATCHES)
 .build())
 .addCompilerLibraries(validateLibrary, CelExtensions.strings())
 .addRuntimeLibraries(validateLibrary, CelExtensions.strings())
 .build();
 }

 @Override
 public void setParserOptions(CelParserBuilder parserBuilder) {
 parserBuilder.setStandardMacros(
Expand All@@ -54,6 +89,6 @@ public void setCheckerOptions(CelCheckerBuilder checkerBuilder) {

 @Override
 public void setRuntimeOptions(CelRuntimeBuilder runtimeBuilder) {
 runtimeBuilder.addFunctionBindings(CustomOverload.create());
 runtimeBuilder.addFunctionBindings(CustomOverload.create(patternCache, CEL_OPTIONS));
 }
}

21 changes: 3 additions & 18 deletions
src/main/java/build/buf/protovalidate/ValidatorImpl.java

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -18,10 +18,6 @@
import build.buf.protovalidate.exceptions.ValidationException;
import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor;
import com.google.protobuf.Message;
import dev.cel.bundle.Cel;
import dev.cel.bundle.CelFactory;
import dev.cel.common.CelOptions;
import dev.cel.extensions.CelExtensions;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

Expand All@@ -36,13 +32,14 @@ final class ValidatorImpl implements Validator {
 private final boolean failFast;

 ValidatorImpl(Config config) {
 this.evaluatorBuilder = new EvaluatorBuilder(newCel(), config);
 this.evaluatorBuilder = new EvaluatorBuilder(ValidateLibrary.newCel(), config);
 this.failFast = config.isFailFast();
 }

 ValidatorImpl(Config config, List<Descriptor> descriptors, boolean disableLazy)
 throws CompilationException {
 this.evaluatorBuilder = new EvaluatorBuilder(newCel(), config, descriptors, disableLazy);
 this.evaluatorBuilder =
 new EvaluatorBuilder(ValidateLibrary.newCel(), config, descriptors, disableLazy);
 this.failFast = config.isFailFast();
 }

Expand All@@ -63,16 +60,4 @@ public ValidationResult validate(Message msg) throws ValidationException {
 }
 return new ValidationResult(violations);
 }

 private static Cel newCel() {
 ValidateLibrary validateLibrary = new ValidateLibrary();
 // NOTE: CelExtensions.strings() does not implement string.reverse() or strings.quote() which
 // are available in protovalidate-go.
 return CelFactory.standardCelBuilder()
 .addCompilerLibraries(validateLibrary, CelExtensions.strings())
 .addRuntimeLibraries(validateLibrary, CelExtensions.strings())
 .setOptions(
 CelOptions.DEFAULT.toBuilder().evaluateCanonicalTypesToNativeValues(true).build())
 .build();
 }
}

24 changes: 14 additions & 10 deletions
src/test/java/build/buf/protovalidate/CustomOverloadTest.java

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -18,9 +18,7 @@
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatThrownBy;

import dev.cel.bundle.Cel;
import dev.cel.bundle.CelFactory;
import dev.cel.common.CelAbstractSyntaxTree;
import dev.cel.common.CelOptions;
import dev.cel.common.CelValidationException;
import dev.cel.common.CelValidationResult;
import dev.cel.runtime.CelEvaluationException;
Expand All@@ -31,14 +29,7 @@

public class CustomOverloadTest {

 private final ValidateLibrary validateLibrary = new ValidateLibrary();
 private final Cel cel =
 CelFactory.standardCelBuilder()
 .addCompilerLibraries(validateLibrary)
 .addRuntimeLibraries(validateLibrary)
 .setOptions(
 CelOptions.DEFAULT.toBuilder().evaluateCanonicalTypesToNativeValues(true).build())
Comment thread
pkwarren marked this conversation as resolved.

 .build();
 private final Cel cel = ValidateLibrary.newCel();

 @Test
 public void testIsInf() throws Exception {
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -173,6 +164,19 @@ public void testBytesContains() throws Exception {
 assertThat(evalToBool("bytes('12345').contains(bytes('123456'))")).isFalse();
 }

 @Test
 public void testMatchesPartialMatch() throws Exception {
 // CelOptions.DEFAULT sets enableRegexPartialMatch(true), so an unanchored regex should
 // match anywhere in the input (find()), not require a full-string match.
 assertThat(evalToBool("'hello world'.matches('world')")).isTrue();
 assertThat(evalToBool("'hello world'.matches('ell')")).isTrue();
 // Anchored patterns still behave the same.
 assertThat(evalToBool("'hello'.matches('^hello$')")).isTrue();
 assertThat(evalToBool("'hello world'.matches('^hello$')")).isFalse();
 // Global form.
 assertThat(evalToBool("matches('hello world', 'world')")).isTrue();
 }

 private Object eval(String source) throws Exception {
 return eval(source, Collections.emptyMap());
 }
Expand Down

11 changes: 1 addition & 10 deletions
src/test/java/build/buf/protovalidate/FormatTest.java

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -26,8 +26,6 @@
import com.google.protobuf.TextFormat;
import dev.cel.bundle.Cel;
import dev.cel.bundle.CelBuilder;
import dev.cel.bundle.CelFactory;
import dev.cel.common.CelOptions;
import dev.cel.common.CelValidationException;
import dev.cel.common.CelValidationResult;
import dev.cel.common.types.SimpleType;
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -87,14 +85,7 @@ public static void setUp() throws Exception {
 .flatMap(s -> s.getTestList().stream())
 .collect(Collectors.toList());

 ValidateLibrary validateLibrary = new ValidateLibrary();
 cel =
 CelFactory.standardCelBuilder()
 .addCompilerLibraries(validateLibrary)
 .addRuntimeLibraries(validateLibrary)
 .setOptions(
 CelOptions.DEFAULT.toBuilder().evaluateCanonicalTypesToNativeValues(true).build())
 .build();
 cel = ValidateLibrary.newCel();
 }

 @ParameterizedTest
Expand Down
Loading

, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
injectUserscript("// Force GitHub README to respect dark mode\n(function() {\n var style = document.createElement('style');\n style.textContent = '\n .markdown-body {\n color-scheme: dark light;\n }\n .markdown-body pre { background: #161b22 !important; }\n .markdown-body code { background: rgba(110, 118, 129, 0.4) !important; }\n .markdown-body table th, .markdown-body table td { border-color: #30363d !important; }\n .markdown-body img { background: #0d1117; }\n .markdown-body blockquote { border-left-color: #8b949e; }\n .markdown-body hr { border-color: #30363d; }\n ';\n document.head.appendChild(style);\n})();", "GitHub Dark Mode README Fix");
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:GitHub Dark Mode README Fix]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "*";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '

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Add a cache for compiled regex patterns#459

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 Merged

pkwarren
merged 1 commit into

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Apr 24, 2026
 Merged


Add a cache for compiled regex patterns
#459
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10 changes: 10 additions & 0 deletions
benchmarks/src/jmh/java/build/buf/protovalidate/benchmarks/ValidationBenchmark.java

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
import build.buf.protovalidate.Validator;
import build.buf.protovalidate.ValidatorFactory;
import build.buf.protovalidate.benchmarks.gen.ManyUnruledFieldsMessage;
import build.buf.protovalidate.benchmarks.gen.RegexPatternMessage;
import build.buf.protovalidate.benchmarks.gen.RepeatedRuleMessage;
import build.buf.protovalidate.benchmarks.gen.SimpleStringMessage;
import build.buf.protovalidate.exceptions.ValidationException;
Expand All@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ public class ValidationBenchmark {
 private SimpleStringMessage simple;
 private ManyUnruledFieldsMessage manyUnruled;
 private RepeatedRuleMessage repeatedRule;
 private RegexPatternMessage regexPattern;

 @Setup
 public void setup() throws ValidationException {
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -67,10 +69,13 @@ public void setup() throws ValidationException {
 }
 repeatedRule = repeatedRuleBuilder.build();

 regexPattern = RegexPatternMessage.newBuilder().setName("Alice Example").build();

 // Warm evaluator cache for steady-state benchmarks.
 validator.validate(simple);
 validator.validate(manyUnruled);
 validator.validate(repeatedRule);
 validator.validate(regexPattern);
 }

 // Steady-state validate() benchmarks. These exercise the hot path after the
Expand All@@ -90,4 +95,9 @@ public void validateManyUnruled(Blackhole bh) throws ValidationException {
 public void validateRepeatedRule(Blackhole bh) throws ValidationException {
 bh.consume(validator.validate(repeatedRule));
 }

 @Benchmark
 public void validateRegexPattern(Blackhole bh) throws ValidationException {
@pkwarrenpkwarrenApr 24, 2026

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Results:
benchmark metric before after delta
validateRegexPattern time 1873.21 ns/op 1323.61 ns/op -29.3%
validateRegexPattern alloc 7828 B/op 4272 B/op -45.4%

 bh.consume(validator.validate(regexPattern));
 }
}

10 changes: 10 additions & 0 deletions
benchmarks/src/jmh/proto/bench/v1/bench.proto

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -69,3 +69,13 @@ message RepeatedRuleMessage {
 string f19 = 19 [(buf.validate.field).string.min_len = 1];
 string f20 = 20 [(buf.validate.field).string.min_len = 1];
}

// Single string field with a string.pattern rule. Targets the regex
// recompile-per-evaluation cost: the CEL runtime's matches() calls
// Pattern.compile on every invocation.
message RegexPatternMessage {
 string name = 1 [(buf.validate.field).string = {
 pattern: "^[[:alpha:]]+( [[:alpha:]]+)*$"
 max_bytes: 256
 }];
}

1 change: 1 addition & 0 deletions
build.gradle.kts

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -398,6 +398,7 @@ dependencies {
 api(libs.jspecify)
 api(libs.protobuf.java)
 implementation(libs.cel)
 implementation(libs.re2j)

 buf("build.buf:buf:${libs.versions.buf.get()}:${osdetector.classifier}@exe")

Expand Down

2 changes: 2 additions & 0 deletions
gradle/libs.versions.toml

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Expand Up@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ error-prone = "2.49.0"
junit = "5.14.3"
maven-publish = "0.36.0"
protobuf = "4.34.1"
re2j = "1.8"

[libraries]
assertj = { module = "org.assertj:assertj-core", version.ref = "assertj" }
Expand All@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ junit-bom = { module = "org.junit:junit-bom", version.ref = "junit" }
maven-plugin = { module = "com.vanniktech:gradle-maven-publish-plugin", version.ref = "maven-publish" }
nullaway = { module = "com.uber.nullaway:nullaway", version = "0.13.3" }
protobuf-java = { module = "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java", version.ref = "protobuf" }
re2j = { module = "com.google.re2j:re2j", version.ref = "re2j" }
spotless = { module = "com.diffplug.spotless:spotless-plugin-gradle", version = "8.4.0" }

[plugins]
Expand Down

11 changes: 11 additions & 0 deletions
src/main/java/build/buf/protovalidate/CustomDeclarations.java

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Expand Up@@ -104,6 +104,17 @@ static List<CelFunctionDecl> create() {
 newMemberOverload(
 "is_hostname", SimpleType.BOOL, Collections.singletonList(SimpleType.STRING))));

 // Redeclare 'matches' with the same overload ids as the stdlib.
 decls.add(
 newFunctionDeclaration(
 "matches",
 newGlobalOverload(
 "matches", SimpleType.BOOL, Arrays.asList(SimpleType.STRING, SimpleType.STRING)),
 newMemberOverload(
 "matches_string",
 SimpleType.BOOL,
 Arrays.asList(SimpleType.STRING, SimpleType.STRING))));

 decls.add(
 newFunctionDeclaration(
 "isHostAndPort",
Expand Down

52 changes: 48 additions & 4 deletions
src/main/java/build/buf/protovalidate/CustomOverload.java

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -16,6 +16,10 @@

import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors;
import com.google.protobuf.Message;
import com.google.re2j.Matcher;
import com.google.re2j.Pattern;
import com.google.re2j.PatternSyntaxException;
import dev.cel.common.CelOptions;
import dev.cel.common.types.CelType;
import dev.cel.common.types.SimpleType;
import dev.cel.common.values.CelByteString;
Expand All@@ -28,7 +32,7 @@
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;

/** Defines custom function overloads (the implementation). */
final class CustomOverload {
Expand All@@ -39,11 +43,14 @@ final class CustomOverload {
 "^[a-zA-Z0-9.!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?(?:\\.[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?)*$");

 /**
 * Create custom function overload list.
 * Create a list of custom function overloads.
 *
 * @param patternCache cache used by the {@code matches}/{@code matches_string} overrides.
 * @param celOptions CEL options the enclosing runtime is built with.
 * @return a list of overloaded functions.
 */
 static List<CelFunctionBinding> create() {
 static List<CelFunctionBinding> create(
 ConcurrentMap<String, Pattern> patternCache, CelOptions celOptions) {
 ArrayList<CelFunctionBinding> bindings = new ArrayList<>();
 bindings.addAll(
 Arrays.asList(
Expand All@@ -65,7 +72,9 @@ static List<CelFunctionBinding> create() {
 celIsNan(),
 celIsInfUnary(),
 celIsInfBinary(),
 celIsHostAndPort()));
 celIsHostAndPort(),
 celMatches(patternCache, celOptions),
 celMatchesString(patternCache, celOptions)));
 bindings.addAll(celUnique());
 return Collections.unmodifiableList(bindings);
 }
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -356,6 +365,41 @@ private static CelFunctionBinding celIsHostAndPort() {
 CustomOverload::isHostAndPort);
 }

 /** Caching replacement for CEL's global {@code matches(string, string)}. */
 @SuppressWarnings("Immutable")
 private static CelFunctionBinding celMatches(
 ConcurrentMap<String, Pattern> patternCache, CelOptions celOptions) {
 return CelFunctionBinding.from(
 "matches",
 String.class,
 String.class,
 (value, regex) -> matches(patternCache, celOptions, value, regex));
 }

 /** Caching replacement for CEL's member-style {@code string.matches(string)}. */
 @SuppressWarnings("Immutable")
 private static CelFunctionBinding celMatchesString(
 ConcurrentMap<String, Pattern> patternCache, CelOptions celOptions) {
 return CelFunctionBinding.from(
 "matches_string",
 String.class,
 String.class,
 (value, regex) -> matches(patternCache, celOptions, value, regex));
 }

 private static boolean matches(
 ConcurrentMap<String, Pattern> cache, CelOptions celOptions, String value, String regex)
 throws CelEvaluationException {
 Pattern pattern;
 try {
 pattern = cache.computeIfAbsent(regex, Pattern::compile);
 } catch (PatternSyntaxException e) {
 throw new CelEvaluationException("failed to compile regex: " + e.getMessage(), e);
 }
 Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(value);
 return celOptions.enableRegexPartialMatch() ? matcher.find() : matcher.matches();
 }

 /**
 * Returns true if the string is a valid host/port pair, for example "example.com:8080".
 *
Expand Down

37 changes: 36 additions & 1 deletion
src/main/java/build/buf/protovalidate/ValidateLibrary.java

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -14,24 +14,59 @@

package build.buf.protovalidate;

import com.google.re2j.Pattern;
import dev.cel.bundle.Cel;
import dev.cel.bundle.CelFactory;
import dev.cel.checker.CelCheckerBuilder;
import dev.cel.checker.CelStandardDeclarations;
import dev.cel.common.CelOptions;
import dev.cel.common.CelVarDecl;
import dev.cel.common.types.SimpleType;
import dev.cel.compiler.CelCompilerLibrary;
import dev.cel.extensions.CelExtensions;
import dev.cel.parser.CelParserBuilder;
import dev.cel.parser.CelStandardMacro;
import dev.cel.runtime.CelRuntimeBuilder;
import dev.cel.runtime.CelRuntimeLibrary;
import dev.cel.runtime.CelStandardFunctions;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;

/**
 * Custom {@link CelCompilerLibrary} and {@link CelRuntimeLibrary}. Provides all the custom
 * extension function definitions and overloads.
 */
final class ValidateLibrary implements CelCompilerLibrary, CelRuntimeLibrary {

 private static final CelOptions CEL_OPTIONS = CelOptions.DEFAULT;

 private final ConcurrentMap<String, Pattern> patternCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
@pkwarrenpkwarrenApr 24, 2026

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Unlike the proposed fix in cel-expr/cel-java#1038, this cache is scoped to a Validator and not global.

 /** Creates a ValidateLibrary with all custom declarations and overloads. */
 ValidateLibrary() {}

 static Cel newCel() {
 ValidateLibrary validateLibrary = new ValidateLibrary();
 // NOTE: CelExtensions.strings() does not implement string.reverse() or strings.quote() which
 // are available in protovalidate-go. Fixed in https://github.com/google/cel-java/pull/998.
 return CelFactory.standardCelBuilder()
 .setOptions(CEL_OPTIONS)
 // Drop stdlib matches; CustomOverload provides a caching replacement.
 // Ref: https://github.com/google/cel-java/issues/1038
 .setStandardEnvironmentEnabled(false)
 .setStandardDeclarations(
 CelStandardDeclarations.newBuilder()
 .excludeFunctions(CelStandardDeclarations.StandardFunction.MATCHES)
 .build())
 .setStandardFunctions(
 CelStandardFunctions.newBuilder()
 .excludeFunctions(CelStandardFunctions.StandardFunction.MATCHES)
 .build())
 .addCompilerLibraries(validateLibrary, CelExtensions.strings())
 .addRuntimeLibraries(validateLibrary, CelExtensions.strings())
 .build();
 }

 @Override
 public void setParserOptions(CelParserBuilder parserBuilder) {
 parserBuilder.setStandardMacros(
Expand All@@ -54,6 +89,6 @@ public void setCheckerOptions(CelCheckerBuilder checkerBuilder) {

 @Override
 public void setRuntimeOptions(CelRuntimeBuilder runtimeBuilder) {
 runtimeBuilder.addFunctionBindings(CustomOverload.create());
 runtimeBuilder.addFunctionBindings(CustomOverload.create(patternCache, CEL_OPTIONS));
 }
}

21 changes: 3 additions & 18 deletions
src/main/java/build/buf/protovalidate/ValidatorImpl.java

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -18,10 +18,6 @@
import build.buf.protovalidate.exceptions.ValidationException;
import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor;
import com.google.protobuf.Message;
import dev.cel.bundle.Cel;
import dev.cel.bundle.CelFactory;
import dev.cel.common.CelOptions;
import dev.cel.extensions.CelExtensions;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

Expand All@@ -36,13 +32,14 @@ final class ValidatorImpl implements Validator {
 private final boolean failFast;

 ValidatorImpl(Config config) {
 this.evaluatorBuilder = new EvaluatorBuilder(newCel(), config);
 this.evaluatorBuilder = new EvaluatorBuilder(ValidateLibrary.newCel(), config);
 this.failFast = config.isFailFast();
 }

 ValidatorImpl(Config config, List<Descriptor> descriptors, boolean disableLazy)
 throws CompilationException {
 this.evaluatorBuilder = new EvaluatorBuilder(newCel(), config, descriptors, disableLazy);
 this.evaluatorBuilder =
 new EvaluatorBuilder(ValidateLibrary.newCel(), config, descriptors, disableLazy);
 this.failFast = config.isFailFast();
 }

Expand All@@ -63,16 +60,4 @@ public ValidationResult validate(Message msg) throws ValidationException {
 }
 return new ValidationResult(violations);
 }

 private static Cel newCel() {
 ValidateLibrary validateLibrary = new ValidateLibrary();
 // NOTE: CelExtensions.strings() does not implement string.reverse() or strings.quote() which
 // are available in protovalidate-go.
 return CelFactory.standardCelBuilder()
 .addCompilerLibraries(validateLibrary, CelExtensions.strings())
 .addRuntimeLibraries(validateLibrary, CelExtensions.strings())
 .setOptions(
 CelOptions.DEFAULT.toBuilder().evaluateCanonicalTypesToNativeValues(true).build())
 .build();
 }
}

24 changes: 14 additions & 10 deletions
src/test/java/build/buf/protovalidate/CustomOverloadTest.java

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -18,9 +18,7 @@
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatThrownBy;

import dev.cel.bundle.Cel;
import dev.cel.bundle.CelFactory;
import dev.cel.common.CelAbstractSyntaxTree;
import dev.cel.common.CelOptions;
import dev.cel.common.CelValidationException;
import dev.cel.common.CelValidationResult;
import dev.cel.runtime.CelEvaluationException;
Expand All@@ -31,14 +29,7 @@

public class CustomOverloadTest {

 private final ValidateLibrary validateLibrary = new ValidateLibrary();
 private final Cel cel =
 CelFactory.standardCelBuilder()
 .addCompilerLibraries(validateLibrary)
 .addRuntimeLibraries(validateLibrary)
 .setOptions(
 CelOptions.DEFAULT.toBuilder().evaluateCanonicalTypesToNativeValues(true).build())
Comment thread
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 .build();
 private final Cel cel = ValidateLibrary.newCel();

 @Test
 public void testIsInf() throws Exception {
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -173,6 +164,19 @@ public void testBytesContains() throws Exception {
 assertThat(evalToBool("bytes('12345').contains(bytes('123456'))")).isFalse();
 }

 @Test
 public void testMatchesPartialMatch() throws Exception {
 // CelOptions.DEFAULT sets enableRegexPartialMatch(true), so an unanchored regex should
 // match anywhere in the input (find()), not require a full-string match.
 assertThat(evalToBool("'hello world'.matches('world')")).isTrue();
 assertThat(evalToBool("'hello world'.matches('ell')")).isTrue();
 // Anchored patterns still behave the same.
 assertThat(evalToBool("'hello'.matches('^hello$')")).isTrue();
 assertThat(evalToBool("'hello world'.matches('^hello$')")).isFalse();
 // Global form.
 assertThat(evalToBool("matches('hello world', 'world')")).isTrue();
 }

 private Object eval(String source) throws Exception {
 return eval(source, Collections.emptyMap());
 }
Expand Down

11 changes: 1 addition & 10 deletions
src/test/java/build/buf/protovalidate/FormatTest.java

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -26,8 +26,6 @@
import com.google.protobuf.TextFormat;
import dev.cel.bundle.Cel;
import dev.cel.bundle.CelBuilder;
import dev.cel.bundle.CelFactory;
import dev.cel.common.CelOptions;
import dev.cel.common.CelValidationException;
import dev.cel.common.CelValidationResult;
import dev.cel.common.types.SimpleType;
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -87,14 +85,7 @@ public static void setUp() throws Exception {
 .flatMap(s -> s.getTestList().stream())
 .collect(Collectors.toList());

 ValidateLibrary validateLibrary = new ValidateLibrary();
 cel =
 CelFactory.standardCelBuilder()
 .addCompilerLibraries(validateLibrary)
 .addRuntimeLibraries(validateLibrary)
 .setOptions(
 CelOptions.DEFAULT.toBuilder().evaluateCanonicalTypesToNativeValues(true).build())
 .build();
 cel = ValidateLibrary.newCel();
 }

 @ParameterizedTest
Expand Down
Loading

, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
injectUserscript("// Highlight search terms from Google/DuckDuckGo/Bing referrer\n(function() {\n var ref = document.referrer;\n var terms = [];\n \n if (ref.includes('google.com') || ref.includes('duckduckgo.com') || ref.includes('bing.com')) {\n var url = new URL(ref);\n var q = url.searchParams.get('q') || url.searchParams.get('p');\n if (q) {\n terms = q.split(/\\s+/).filter(function(t) { return t.length > 2; });\n }\n }\n \n if (terms.length === 0) return;\n \n var style = document.createElement('style');\n style.textContent = '.userscript-highlight { background: #fbbf24; color: #1a1a2e; padding: 1px 3px; border-radius: 2px; }';\n document.head.appendChild(style);\n \n function highlight(node) {\n if (node.nodeType === 3) { // text node\n var text = node.textContent;\n var found = false;\n terms.forEach(function(term) {\n var regex = new RegExp('(' + term.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\\]\\\\]/g, '\\\\') + ')', 'gi');\n if (regex.test(text)) {\n found = true;\n var frag = document.createDocumentFragment();\n var parts = text.split(regex);\n parts.forEach(function(part, i) {\n if (i % 2 === 0) {\n frag.appendChild(document.createTextNode(part));\n } else {\n var span = document.createElement('span');\n span.className = 'userscript-highlight';\n span.textContent = part;\n frag.appendChild(span);\n }\n });\n node.parentNode.replaceChild(frag, node);\n }\n });\n } else if (node.nodeType === 1 && node.childNodes) { // element\n var skipTags = ['SCRIPT', 'STYLE', 'NOSCRIPT', 'TEXTAREA', 'INPUT', 'SELECT'];\n if (!skipTags.includes(node.tagName)) {\n Array.from(node.childNodes).forEach(highlight);\n }\n }\n }\n \n highlight(document.body);\n \n // Re-highlight on dynamic content\n var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {\n mutations.forEach(function(m) {\n m.addedNodes.forEach(function(node) {\n if (node.nodeType === 1 || node.nodeType === 3) highlight(node);\n });\n });\n });\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });\n})();", "Highlight Search Terms");
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Highlight Search Terms]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "*";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '

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Add a cache for compiled regex patterns#459

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pkwarren
merged 1 commit into

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Apr 24, 2026
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Add a cache for compiled regex patterns
#459
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10 changes: 10 additions & 0 deletions
benchmarks/src/jmh/java/build/buf/protovalidate/benchmarks/ValidationBenchmark.java

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
import build.buf.protovalidate.Validator;
import build.buf.protovalidate.ValidatorFactory;
import build.buf.protovalidate.benchmarks.gen.ManyUnruledFieldsMessage;
import build.buf.protovalidate.benchmarks.gen.RegexPatternMessage;
import build.buf.protovalidate.benchmarks.gen.RepeatedRuleMessage;
import build.buf.protovalidate.benchmarks.gen.SimpleStringMessage;
import build.buf.protovalidate.exceptions.ValidationException;
Expand All@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ public class ValidationBenchmark {
 private SimpleStringMessage simple;
 private ManyUnruledFieldsMessage manyUnruled;
 private RepeatedRuleMessage repeatedRule;
 private RegexPatternMessage regexPattern;

 @Setup
 public void setup() throws ValidationException {
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -67,10 +69,13 @@ public void setup() throws ValidationException {
 }
 repeatedRule = repeatedRuleBuilder.build();

 regexPattern = RegexPatternMessage.newBuilder().setName("Alice Example").build();

 // Warm evaluator cache for steady-state benchmarks.
 validator.validate(simple);
 validator.validate(manyUnruled);
 validator.validate(repeatedRule);
 validator.validate(regexPattern);
 }

 // Steady-state validate() benchmarks. These exercise the hot path after the
Expand All@@ -90,4 +95,9 @@ public void validateManyUnruled(Blackhole bh) throws ValidationException {
 public void validateRepeatedRule(Blackhole bh) throws ValidationException {
 bh.consume(validator.validate(repeatedRule));
 }

 @Benchmark
 public void validateRegexPattern(Blackhole bh) throws ValidationException {
@pkwarrenpkwarrenApr 24, 2026

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Results:
benchmark metric before after delta
validateRegexPattern time 1873.21 ns/op 1323.61 ns/op -29.3%
validateRegexPattern alloc 7828 B/op 4272 B/op -45.4%

 bh.consume(validator.validate(regexPattern));
 }
}

10 changes: 10 additions & 0 deletions
benchmarks/src/jmh/proto/bench/v1/bench.proto

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Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -69,3 +69,13 @@ message RepeatedRuleMessage {
 string f19 = 19 [(buf.validate.field).string.min_len = 1];
 string f20 = 20 [(buf.validate.field).string.min_len = 1];
}

// Single string field with a string.pattern rule. Targets the regex
// recompile-per-evaluation cost: the CEL runtime's matches() calls
// Pattern.compile on every invocation.
message RegexPatternMessage {
 string name = 1 [(buf.validate.field).string = {
 pattern: "^[[:alpha:]]+( [[:alpha:]]+)*$"
 max_bytes: 256
 }];
}

1 change: 1 addition & 0 deletions
build.gradle.kts

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -398,6 +398,7 @@ dependencies {
 api(libs.jspecify)
 api(libs.protobuf.java)
 implementation(libs.cel)
 implementation(libs.re2j)

 buf("build.buf:buf:${libs.versions.buf.get()}:${osdetector.classifier}@exe")

Expand Down

2 changes: 2 additions & 0 deletions
gradle/libs.versions.toml

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ error-prone = "2.49.0"
junit = "5.14.3"
maven-publish = "0.36.0"
protobuf = "4.34.1"
re2j = "1.8"

[libraries]
assertj = { module = "org.assertj:assertj-core", version.ref = "assertj" }
Expand All@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ junit-bom = { module = "org.junit:junit-bom", version.ref = "junit" }
maven-plugin = { module = "com.vanniktech:gradle-maven-publish-plugin", version.ref = "maven-publish" }
nullaway = { module = "com.uber.nullaway:nullaway", version = "0.13.3" }
protobuf-java = { module = "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java", version.ref = "protobuf" }
re2j = { module = "com.google.re2j:re2j", version.ref = "re2j" }
spotless = { module = "com.diffplug.spotless:spotless-plugin-gradle", version = "8.4.0" }

[plugins]
Expand Down

11 changes: 11 additions & 0 deletions
src/main/java/build/buf/protovalidate/CustomDeclarations.java

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -104,6 +104,17 @@ static List<CelFunctionDecl> create() {
 newMemberOverload(
 "is_hostname", SimpleType.BOOL, Collections.singletonList(SimpleType.STRING))));

 // Redeclare 'matches' with the same overload ids as the stdlib.
 decls.add(
 newFunctionDeclaration(
 "matches",
 newGlobalOverload(
 "matches", SimpleType.BOOL, Arrays.asList(SimpleType.STRING, SimpleType.STRING)),
 newMemberOverload(
 "matches_string",
 SimpleType.BOOL,
 Arrays.asList(SimpleType.STRING, SimpleType.STRING))));

 decls.add(
 newFunctionDeclaration(
 "isHostAndPort",
Expand Down

52 changes: 48 additions & 4 deletions
src/main/java/build/buf/protovalidate/CustomOverload.java

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Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -16,6 +16,10 @@

import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors;
import com.google.protobuf.Message;
import com.google.re2j.Matcher;
import com.google.re2j.Pattern;
import com.google.re2j.PatternSyntaxException;
import dev.cel.common.CelOptions;
import dev.cel.common.types.CelType;
import dev.cel.common.types.SimpleType;
import dev.cel.common.values.CelByteString;
Expand All@@ -28,7 +32,7 @@
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;

/** Defines custom function overloads (the implementation). */
final class CustomOverload {
Expand All@@ -39,11 +43,14 @@ final class CustomOverload {
 "^[a-zA-Z0-9.!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?(?:\\.[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?)*$");

 /**
 * Create custom function overload list.
 * Create a list of custom function overloads.
 *
 * @param patternCache cache used by the {@code matches}/{@code matches_string} overrides.
 * @param celOptions CEL options the enclosing runtime is built with.
 * @return a list of overloaded functions.
 */
 static List<CelFunctionBinding> create() {
 static List<CelFunctionBinding> create(
 ConcurrentMap<String, Pattern> patternCache, CelOptions celOptions) {
 ArrayList<CelFunctionBinding> bindings = new ArrayList<>();
 bindings.addAll(
 Arrays.asList(
Expand All@@ -65,7 +72,9 @@ static List<CelFunctionBinding> create() {
 celIsNan(),
 celIsInfUnary(),
 celIsInfBinary(),
 celIsHostAndPort()));
 celIsHostAndPort(),
 celMatches(patternCache, celOptions),
 celMatchesString(patternCache, celOptions)));
 bindings.addAll(celUnique());
 return Collections.unmodifiableList(bindings);
 }
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -356,6 +365,41 @@ private static CelFunctionBinding celIsHostAndPort() {
 CustomOverload::isHostAndPort);
 }

 /** Caching replacement for CEL's global {@code matches(string, string)}. */
 @SuppressWarnings("Immutable")
 private static CelFunctionBinding celMatches(
 ConcurrentMap<String, Pattern> patternCache, CelOptions celOptions) {
 return CelFunctionBinding.from(
 "matches",
 String.class,
 String.class,
 (value, regex) -> matches(patternCache, celOptions, value, regex));
 }

 /** Caching replacement for CEL's member-style {@code string.matches(string)}. */
 @SuppressWarnings("Immutable")
 private static CelFunctionBinding celMatchesString(
 ConcurrentMap<String, Pattern> patternCache, CelOptions celOptions) {
 return CelFunctionBinding.from(
 "matches_string",
 String.class,
 String.class,
 (value, regex) -> matches(patternCache, celOptions, value, regex));
 }

 private static boolean matches(
 ConcurrentMap<String, Pattern> cache, CelOptions celOptions, String value, String regex)
 throws CelEvaluationException {
 Pattern pattern;
 try {
 pattern = cache.computeIfAbsent(regex, Pattern::compile);
 } catch (PatternSyntaxException e) {
 throw new CelEvaluationException("failed to compile regex: " + e.getMessage(), e);
 }
 Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(value);
 return celOptions.enableRegexPartialMatch() ? matcher.find() : matcher.matches();
 }

 /**
 * Returns true if the string is a valid host/port pair, for example "example.com:8080".
 *
Expand Down

37 changes: 36 additions & 1 deletion
src/main/java/build/buf/protovalidate/ValidateLibrary.java

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Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -14,24 +14,59 @@

package build.buf.protovalidate;

import com.google.re2j.Pattern;
import dev.cel.bundle.Cel;
import dev.cel.bundle.CelFactory;
import dev.cel.checker.CelCheckerBuilder;
import dev.cel.checker.CelStandardDeclarations;
import dev.cel.common.CelOptions;
import dev.cel.common.CelVarDecl;
import dev.cel.common.types.SimpleType;
import dev.cel.compiler.CelCompilerLibrary;
import dev.cel.extensions.CelExtensions;
import dev.cel.parser.CelParserBuilder;
import dev.cel.parser.CelStandardMacro;
import dev.cel.runtime.CelRuntimeBuilder;
import dev.cel.runtime.CelRuntimeLibrary;
import dev.cel.runtime.CelStandardFunctions;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;

/**
 * Custom {@link CelCompilerLibrary} and {@link CelRuntimeLibrary}. Provides all the custom
 * extension function definitions and overloads.
 */
final class ValidateLibrary implements CelCompilerLibrary, CelRuntimeLibrary {

 private static final CelOptions CEL_OPTIONS = CelOptions.DEFAULT;

 private final ConcurrentMap<String, Pattern> patternCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
@pkwarrenpkwarrenApr 24, 2026

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Unlike the proposed fix in cel-expr/cel-java#1038, this cache is scoped to a Validator and not global.

 /** Creates a ValidateLibrary with all custom declarations and overloads. */
 ValidateLibrary() {}

 static Cel newCel() {
 ValidateLibrary validateLibrary = new ValidateLibrary();
 // NOTE: CelExtensions.strings() does not implement string.reverse() or strings.quote() which
 // are available in protovalidate-go. Fixed in https://github.com/google/cel-java/pull/998.
 return CelFactory.standardCelBuilder()
 .setOptions(CEL_OPTIONS)
 // Drop stdlib matches; CustomOverload provides a caching replacement.
 // Ref: https://github.com/google/cel-java/issues/1038
 .setStandardEnvironmentEnabled(false)
 .setStandardDeclarations(
 CelStandardDeclarations.newBuilder()
 .excludeFunctions(CelStandardDeclarations.StandardFunction.MATCHES)
 .build())
 .setStandardFunctions(
 CelStandardFunctions.newBuilder()
 .excludeFunctions(CelStandardFunctions.StandardFunction.MATCHES)
 .build())
 .addCompilerLibraries(validateLibrary, CelExtensions.strings())
 .addRuntimeLibraries(validateLibrary, CelExtensions.strings())
 .build();
 }

 @Override
 public void setParserOptions(CelParserBuilder parserBuilder) {
 parserBuilder.setStandardMacros(
Expand All@@ -54,6 +89,6 @@ public void setCheckerOptions(CelCheckerBuilder checkerBuilder) {

 @Override
 public void setRuntimeOptions(CelRuntimeBuilder runtimeBuilder) {
 runtimeBuilder.addFunctionBindings(CustomOverload.create());
 runtimeBuilder.addFunctionBindings(CustomOverload.create(patternCache, CEL_OPTIONS));
 }
}

21 changes: 3 additions & 18 deletions
src/main/java/build/buf/protovalidate/ValidatorImpl.java

View file


Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -18,10 +18,6 @@
import build.buf.protovalidate.exceptions.ValidationException;
import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor;
import com.google.protobuf.Message;
import dev.cel.bundle.Cel;
import dev.cel.bundle.CelFactory;
import dev.cel.common.CelOptions;
import dev.cel.extensions.CelExtensions;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

Expand All@@ -36,13 +32,14 @@ final class ValidatorImpl implements Validator {
 private final boolean failFast;

 ValidatorImpl(Config config) {
 this.evaluatorBuilder = new EvaluatorBuilder(newCel(), config);
 this.evaluatorBuilder = new EvaluatorBuilder(ValidateLibrary.newCel(), config);
 this.failFast = config.isFailFast();
 }

 ValidatorImpl(Config config, List<Descriptor> descriptors, boolean disableLazy)
 throws CompilationException {
 this.evaluatorBuilder = new EvaluatorBuilder(newCel(), config, descriptors, disableLazy);
 this.evaluatorBuilder =
 new EvaluatorBuilder(ValidateLibrary.newCel(), config, descriptors, disableLazy);
 this.failFast = config.isFailFast();
 }

Expand All@@ -63,16 +60,4 @@ public ValidationResult validate(Message msg) throws ValidationException {
 }
 return new ValidationResult(violations);
 }

 private static Cel newCel() {
 ValidateLibrary validateLibrary = new ValidateLibrary();
 // NOTE: CelExtensions.strings() does not implement string.reverse() or strings.quote() which
 // are available in protovalidate-go.
 return CelFactory.standardCelBuilder()
 .addCompilerLibraries(validateLibrary, CelExtensions.strings())
 .addRuntimeLibraries(validateLibrary, CelExtensions.strings())
 .setOptions(
 CelOptions.DEFAULT.toBuilder().evaluateCanonicalTypesToNativeValues(true).build())
 .build();
 }
}

24 changes: 14 additions & 10 deletions
src/test/java/build/buf/protovalidate/CustomOverloadTest.java

View file


Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -18,9 +18,7 @@
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatThrownBy;

import dev.cel.bundle.Cel;
import dev.cel.bundle.CelFactory;
import dev.cel.common.CelAbstractSyntaxTree;
import dev.cel.common.CelOptions;
import dev.cel.common.CelValidationException;
import dev.cel.common.CelValidationResult;
import dev.cel.runtime.CelEvaluationException;
Expand All@@ -31,14 +29,7 @@

public class CustomOverloadTest {

 private final ValidateLibrary validateLibrary = new ValidateLibrary();
 private final Cel cel =
 CelFactory.standardCelBuilder()
 .addCompilerLibraries(validateLibrary)
 .addRuntimeLibraries(validateLibrary)
 .setOptions(
 CelOptions.DEFAULT.toBuilder().evaluateCanonicalTypesToNativeValues(true).build())
Comment thread
pkwarren marked this conversation as resolved.

 .build();
 private final Cel cel = ValidateLibrary.newCel();

 @Test
 public void testIsInf() throws Exception {
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -173,6 +164,19 @@ public void testBytesContains() throws Exception {
 assertThat(evalToBool("bytes('12345').contains(bytes('123456'))")).isFalse();
 }

 @Test
 public void testMatchesPartialMatch() throws Exception {
 // CelOptions.DEFAULT sets enableRegexPartialMatch(true), so an unanchored regex should
 // match anywhere in the input (find()), not require a full-string match.
 assertThat(evalToBool("'hello world'.matches('world')")).isTrue();
 assertThat(evalToBool("'hello world'.matches('ell')")).isTrue();
 // Anchored patterns still behave the same.
 assertThat(evalToBool("'hello'.matches('^hello$')")).isTrue();
 assertThat(evalToBool("'hello world'.matches('^hello$')")).isFalse();
 // Global form.
 assertThat(evalToBool("matches('hello world', 'world')")).isTrue();
 }

 private Object eval(String source) throws Exception {
 return eval(source, Collections.emptyMap());
 }
Expand Down

11 changes: 1 addition & 10 deletions
src/test/java/build/buf/protovalidate/FormatTest.java

View file


Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -26,8 +26,6 @@
import com.google.protobuf.TextFormat;
import dev.cel.bundle.Cel;
import dev.cel.bundle.CelBuilder;
import dev.cel.bundle.CelFactory;
import dev.cel.common.CelOptions;
import dev.cel.common.CelValidationException;
import dev.cel.common.CelValidationResult;
import dev.cel.common.types.SimpleType;
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -87,14 +85,7 @@ public static void setUp() throws Exception {
 .flatMap(s -> s.getTestList().stream())
 .collect(Collectors.toList());

 ValidateLibrary validateLibrary = new ValidateLibrary();
 cel =
 CelFactory.standardCelBuilder()
 .addCompilerLibraries(validateLibrary)
 .addRuntimeLibraries(validateLibrary)
 .setOptions(
 CelOptions.DEFAULT.toBuilder().evaluateCanonicalTypesToNativeValues(true).build())
 .build();
 cel = ValidateLibrary.newCel();
 }

 @ParameterizedTest
Expand Down
Loading

, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
injectUserscript("// Strip utm_, fbclid, gclid, etc. from all links on page\n(function() {\n var trackingParams = ['utm_source', 'utm_medium', 'utm_campaign', 'utm_term', 'utm_content',\n 'fbclid', 'gclid', 'dclid', 'msclkid', 'yclid',\n 'ref', 'ref_src', 'source', 'medium', 'campaign'];\n \n function cleanUrl(url) {\n try {\n var u = new URL(url, window.location.origin);\n var changed = false;\n trackingParams.forEach(function(p) {\n if (u.searchParams.has(p)) {\n u.searchParams.delete(p);\n changed = true;\n }\n });\n return changed ? u.toString() : url;\n } catch (e) {\n return url;\n }\n }\n \n function cleanLinks() {\n document.querySelectorAll('a[href]').forEach(function(a) {\n var clean = cleanUrl(a.href);\n if (clean !== a.href) a.href = clean;\n });\n }\n \n cleanLinks();\n \n var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {\n mutations.forEach(function(m) {\n m.addedNodes.forEach(function(node) {\n if (node.nodeType === 1) {\n if (node.tagName === 'A') cleanLinks();\n node.querySelectorAll('a[href]').forEach(function(a) {\n var clean = cleanUrl(a.href);\n if (clean !== a.href) a.href = clean;\n });\n }\n });\n });\n });\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });\n})();", "Remove Tracking Parameters from Links");
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Remove Tracking Parameters from Links]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "youtube.com";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + "youtube\\.com" + '

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Add a cache for compiled regex patterns#459

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 Merged

pkwarren
merged 1 commit into

from

Apr 24, 2026
 Merged


Add a cache for compiled regex patterns
#459
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10 changes: 10 additions & 0 deletions
benchmarks/src/jmh/java/build/buf/protovalidate/benchmarks/ValidationBenchmark.java

View file


Open in desktop

Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
import build.buf.protovalidate.Validator;
import build.buf.protovalidate.ValidatorFactory;
import build.buf.protovalidate.benchmarks.gen.ManyUnruledFieldsMessage;
import build.buf.protovalidate.benchmarks.gen.RegexPatternMessage;
import build.buf.protovalidate.benchmarks.gen.RepeatedRuleMessage;
import build.buf.protovalidate.benchmarks.gen.SimpleStringMessage;
import build.buf.protovalidate.exceptions.ValidationException;
Expand All@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ public class ValidationBenchmark {
 private SimpleStringMessage simple;
 private ManyUnruledFieldsMessage manyUnruled;
 private RepeatedRuleMessage repeatedRule;
 private RegexPatternMessage regexPattern;

 @Setup
 public void setup() throws ValidationException {
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -67,10 +69,13 @@ public void setup() throws ValidationException {
 }
 repeatedRule = repeatedRuleBuilder.build();

 regexPattern = RegexPatternMessage.newBuilder().setName("Alice Example").build();

 // Warm evaluator cache for steady-state benchmarks.
 validator.validate(simple);
 validator.validate(manyUnruled);
 validator.validate(repeatedRule);
 validator.validate(regexPattern);
 }

 // Steady-state validate() benchmarks. These exercise the hot path after the
Expand All@@ -90,4 +95,9 @@ public void validateManyUnruled(Blackhole bh) throws ValidationException {
 public void validateRepeatedRule(Blackhole bh) throws ValidationException {
 bh.consume(validator.validate(repeatedRule));
 }

 @Benchmark
 public void validateRegexPattern(Blackhole bh) throws ValidationException {
@pkwarrenpkwarrenApr 24, 2026

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Results:
benchmark metric before after delta
validateRegexPattern time 1873.21 ns/op 1323.61 ns/op -29.3%
validateRegexPattern alloc 7828 B/op 4272 B/op -45.4%

 bh.consume(validator.validate(regexPattern));
 }
}

10 changes: 10 additions & 0 deletions
benchmarks/src/jmh/proto/bench/v1/bench.proto

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Expand Up@@ -69,3 +69,13 @@ message RepeatedRuleMessage {
 string f19 = 19 [(buf.validate.field).string.min_len = 1];
 string f20 = 20 [(buf.validate.field).string.min_len = 1];
}

// Single string field with a string.pattern rule. Targets the regex
// recompile-per-evaluation cost: the CEL runtime's matches() calls
// Pattern.compile on every invocation.
message RegexPatternMessage {
 string name = 1 [(buf.validate.field).string = {
 pattern: "^[[:alpha:]]+( [[:alpha:]]+)*$"
 max_bytes: 256
 }];
}

1 change: 1 addition & 0 deletions
build.gradle.kts

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Expand Up@@ -398,6 +398,7 @@ dependencies {
 api(libs.jspecify)
 api(libs.protobuf.java)
 implementation(libs.cel)
 implementation(libs.re2j)

 buf("build.buf:buf:${libs.versions.buf.get()}:${osdetector.classifier}@exe")

Expand Down

2 changes: 2 additions & 0 deletions
gradle/libs.versions.toml

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Expand Up@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ error-prone = "2.49.0"
junit = "5.14.3"
maven-publish = "0.36.0"
protobuf = "4.34.1"
re2j = "1.8"

[libraries]
assertj = { module = "org.assertj:assertj-core", version.ref = "assertj" }
Expand All@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ junit-bom = { module = "org.junit:junit-bom", version.ref = "junit" }
maven-plugin = { module = "com.vanniktech:gradle-maven-publish-plugin", version.ref = "maven-publish" }
nullaway = { module = "com.uber.nullaway:nullaway", version = "0.13.3" }
protobuf-java = { module = "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java", version.ref = "protobuf" }
re2j = { module = "com.google.re2j:re2j", version.ref = "re2j" }
spotless = { module = "com.diffplug.spotless:spotless-plugin-gradle", version = "8.4.0" }

[plugins]
Expand Down

11 changes: 11 additions & 0 deletions
src/main/java/build/buf/protovalidate/CustomDeclarations.java

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Expand Up@@ -104,6 +104,17 @@ static List<CelFunctionDecl> create() {
 newMemberOverload(
 "is_hostname", SimpleType.BOOL, Collections.singletonList(SimpleType.STRING))));

 // Redeclare 'matches' with the same overload ids as the stdlib.
 decls.add(
 newFunctionDeclaration(
 "matches",
 newGlobalOverload(
 "matches", SimpleType.BOOL, Arrays.asList(SimpleType.STRING, SimpleType.STRING)),
 newMemberOverload(
 "matches_string",
 SimpleType.BOOL,
 Arrays.asList(SimpleType.STRING, SimpleType.STRING))));

 decls.add(
 newFunctionDeclaration(
 "isHostAndPort",
Expand Down

52 changes: 48 additions & 4 deletions
src/main/java/build/buf/protovalidate/CustomOverload.java

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -16,6 +16,10 @@

import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors;
import com.google.protobuf.Message;
import com.google.re2j.Matcher;
import com.google.re2j.Pattern;
import com.google.re2j.PatternSyntaxException;
import dev.cel.common.CelOptions;
import dev.cel.common.types.CelType;
import dev.cel.common.types.SimpleType;
import dev.cel.common.values.CelByteString;
Expand All@@ -28,7 +32,7 @@
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;

/** Defines custom function overloads (the implementation). */
final class CustomOverload {
Expand All@@ -39,11 +43,14 @@ final class CustomOverload {
 "^[a-zA-Z0-9.!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?(?:\\.[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?)*$");

 /**
 * Create custom function overload list.
 * Create a list of custom function overloads.
 *
 * @param patternCache cache used by the {@code matches}/{@code matches_string} overrides.
 * @param celOptions CEL options the enclosing runtime is built with.
 * @return a list of overloaded functions.
 */
 static List<CelFunctionBinding> create() {
 static List<CelFunctionBinding> create(
 ConcurrentMap<String, Pattern> patternCache, CelOptions celOptions) {
 ArrayList<CelFunctionBinding> bindings = new ArrayList<>();
 bindings.addAll(
 Arrays.asList(
Expand All@@ -65,7 +72,9 @@ static List<CelFunctionBinding> create() {
 celIsNan(),
 celIsInfUnary(),
 celIsInfBinary(),
 celIsHostAndPort()));
 celIsHostAndPort(),
 celMatches(patternCache, celOptions),
 celMatchesString(patternCache, celOptions)));
 bindings.addAll(celUnique());
 return Collections.unmodifiableList(bindings);
 }
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -356,6 +365,41 @@ private static CelFunctionBinding celIsHostAndPort() {
 CustomOverload::isHostAndPort);
 }

 /** Caching replacement for CEL's global {@code matches(string, string)}. */
 @SuppressWarnings("Immutable")
 private static CelFunctionBinding celMatches(
 ConcurrentMap<String, Pattern> patternCache, CelOptions celOptions) {
 return CelFunctionBinding.from(
 "matches",
 String.class,
 String.class,
 (value, regex) -> matches(patternCache, celOptions, value, regex));
 }

 /** Caching replacement for CEL's member-style {@code string.matches(string)}. */
 @SuppressWarnings("Immutable")
 private static CelFunctionBinding celMatchesString(
 ConcurrentMap<String, Pattern> patternCache, CelOptions celOptions) {
 return CelFunctionBinding.from(
 "matches_string",
 String.class,
 String.class,
 (value, regex) -> matches(patternCache, celOptions, value, regex));
 }

 private static boolean matches(
 ConcurrentMap<String, Pattern> cache, CelOptions celOptions, String value, String regex)
 throws CelEvaluationException {
 Pattern pattern;
 try {
 pattern = cache.computeIfAbsent(regex, Pattern::compile);
 } catch (PatternSyntaxException e) {
 throw new CelEvaluationException("failed to compile regex: " + e.getMessage(), e);
 }
 Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(value);
 return celOptions.enableRegexPartialMatch() ? matcher.find() : matcher.matches();
 }

 /**
 * Returns true if the string is a valid host/port pair, for example "example.com:8080".
 *
Expand Down

37 changes: 36 additions & 1 deletion
src/main/java/build/buf/protovalidate/ValidateLibrary.java

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Expand Up@@ -14,24 +14,59 @@

package build.buf.protovalidate;

import com.google.re2j.Pattern;
import dev.cel.bundle.Cel;
import dev.cel.bundle.CelFactory;
import dev.cel.checker.CelCheckerBuilder;
import dev.cel.checker.CelStandardDeclarations;
import dev.cel.common.CelOptions;
import dev.cel.common.CelVarDecl;
import dev.cel.common.types.SimpleType;
import dev.cel.compiler.CelCompilerLibrary;
import dev.cel.extensions.CelExtensions;
import dev.cel.parser.CelParserBuilder;
import dev.cel.parser.CelStandardMacro;
import dev.cel.runtime.CelRuntimeBuilder;
import dev.cel.runtime.CelRuntimeLibrary;
import dev.cel.runtime.CelStandardFunctions;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;

/**
 * Custom {@link CelCompilerLibrary} and {@link CelRuntimeLibrary}. Provides all the custom
 * extension function definitions and overloads.
 */
final class ValidateLibrary implements CelCompilerLibrary, CelRuntimeLibrary {

 private static final CelOptions CEL_OPTIONS = CelOptions.DEFAULT;

 private final ConcurrentMap<String, Pattern> patternCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
@pkwarrenpkwarrenApr 24, 2026

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Unlike the proposed fix in cel-expr/cel-java#1038, this cache is scoped to a Validator and not global.

 /** Creates a ValidateLibrary with all custom declarations and overloads. */
 ValidateLibrary() {}

 static Cel newCel() {
 ValidateLibrary validateLibrary = new ValidateLibrary();
 // NOTE: CelExtensions.strings() does not implement string.reverse() or strings.quote() which
 // are available in protovalidate-go. Fixed in https://github.com/google/cel-java/pull/998.
 return CelFactory.standardCelBuilder()
 .setOptions(CEL_OPTIONS)
 // Drop stdlib matches; CustomOverload provides a caching replacement.
 // Ref: https://github.com/google/cel-java/issues/1038
 .setStandardEnvironmentEnabled(false)
 .setStandardDeclarations(
 CelStandardDeclarations.newBuilder()
 .excludeFunctions(CelStandardDeclarations.StandardFunction.MATCHES)
 .build())
 .setStandardFunctions(
 CelStandardFunctions.newBuilder()
 .excludeFunctions(CelStandardFunctions.StandardFunction.MATCHES)
 .build())
 .addCompilerLibraries(validateLibrary, CelExtensions.strings())
 .addRuntimeLibraries(validateLibrary, CelExtensions.strings())
 .build();
 }

 @Override
 public void setParserOptions(CelParserBuilder parserBuilder) {
 parserBuilder.setStandardMacros(
Expand All@@ -54,6 +89,6 @@ public void setCheckerOptions(CelCheckerBuilder checkerBuilder) {

 @Override
 public void setRuntimeOptions(CelRuntimeBuilder runtimeBuilder) {
 runtimeBuilder.addFunctionBindings(CustomOverload.create());
 runtimeBuilder.addFunctionBindings(CustomOverload.create(patternCache, CEL_OPTIONS));
 }
}

21 changes: 3 additions & 18 deletions
src/main/java/build/buf/protovalidate/ValidatorImpl.java

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -18,10 +18,6 @@
import build.buf.protovalidate.exceptions.ValidationException;
import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor;
import com.google.protobuf.Message;
import dev.cel.bundle.Cel;
import dev.cel.bundle.CelFactory;
import dev.cel.common.CelOptions;
import dev.cel.extensions.CelExtensions;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

Expand All@@ -36,13 +32,14 @@ final class ValidatorImpl implements Validator {
 private final boolean failFast;

 ValidatorImpl(Config config) {
 this.evaluatorBuilder = new EvaluatorBuilder(newCel(), config);
 this.evaluatorBuilder = new EvaluatorBuilder(ValidateLibrary.newCel(), config);
 this.failFast = config.isFailFast();
 }

 ValidatorImpl(Config config, List<Descriptor> descriptors, boolean disableLazy)
 throws CompilationException {
 this.evaluatorBuilder = new EvaluatorBuilder(newCel(), config, descriptors, disableLazy);
 this.evaluatorBuilder =
 new EvaluatorBuilder(ValidateLibrary.newCel(), config, descriptors, disableLazy);
 this.failFast = config.isFailFast();
 }

Expand All@@ -63,16 +60,4 @@ public ValidationResult validate(Message msg) throws ValidationException {
 }
 return new ValidationResult(violations);
 }

 private static Cel newCel() {
 ValidateLibrary validateLibrary = new ValidateLibrary();
 // NOTE: CelExtensions.strings() does not implement string.reverse() or strings.quote() which
 // are available in protovalidate-go.
 return CelFactory.standardCelBuilder()
 .addCompilerLibraries(validateLibrary, CelExtensions.strings())
 .addRuntimeLibraries(validateLibrary, CelExtensions.strings())
 .setOptions(
 CelOptions.DEFAULT.toBuilder().evaluateCanonicalTypesToNativeValues(true).build())
 .build();
 }
}

24 changes: 14 additions & 10 deletions
src/test/java/build/buf/protovalidate/CustomOverloadTest.java

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -18,9 +18,7 @@
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatThrownBy;

import dev.cel.bundle.Cel;
import dev.cel.bundle.CelFactory;
import dev.cel.common.CelAbstractSyntaxTree;
import dev.cel.common.CelOptions;
import dev.cel.common.CelValidationException;
import dev.cel.common.CelValidationResult;
import dev.cel.runtime.CelEvaluationException;
Expand All@@ -31,14 +29,7 @@

public class CustomOverloadTest {

 private final ValidateLibrary validateLibrary = new ValidateLibrary();
 private final Cel cel =
 CelFactory.standardCelBuilder()
 .addCompilerLibraries(validateLibrary)
 .addRuntimeLibraries(validateLibrary)
 .setOptions(
 CelOptions.DEFAULT.toBuilder().evaluateCanonicalTypesToNativeValues(true).build())
Comment thread
pkwarren marked this conversation as resolved.

 .build();
 private final Cel cel = ValidateLibrary.newCel();

 @Test
 public void testIsInf() throws Exception {
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -173,6 +164,19 @@ public void testBytesContains() throws Exception {
 assertThat(evalToBool("bytes('12345').contains(bytes('123456'))")).isFalse();
 }

 @Test
 public void testMatchesPartialMatch() throws Exception {
 // CelOptions.DEFAULT sets enableRegexPartialMatch(true), so an unanchored regex should
 // match anywhere in the input (find()), not require a full-string match.
 assertThat(evalToBool("'hello world'.matches('world')")).isTrue();
 assertThat(evalToBool("'hello world'.matches('ell')")).isTrue();
 // Anchored patterns still behave the same.
 assertThat(evalToBool("'hello'.matches('^hello$')")).isTrue();
 assertThat(evalToBool("'hello world'.matches('^hello$')")).isFalse();
 // Global form.
 assertThat(evalToBool("matches('hello world', 'world')")).isTrue();
 }

 private Object eval(String source) throws Exception {
 return eval(source, Collections.emptyMap());
 }
Expand Down

11 changes: 1 addition & 10 deletions
src/test/java/build/buf/protovalidate/FormatTest.java

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -26,8 +26,6 @@
import com.google.protobuf.TextFormat;
import dev.cel.bundle.Cel;
import dev.cel.bundle.CelBuilder;
import dev.cel.bundle.CelFactory;
import dev.cel.common.CelOptions;
import dev.cel.common.CelValidationException;
import dev.cel.common.CelValidationResult;
import dev.cel.common.types.SimpleType;
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -87,14 +85,7 @@ public static void setUp() throws Exception {
 .flatMap(s -> s.getTestList().stream())
 .collect(Collectors.toList());

 ValidateLibrary validateLibrary = new ValidateLibrary();
 cel =
 CelFactory.standardCelBuilder()
 .addCompilerLibraries(validateLibrary)
 .addRuntimeLibraries(validateLibrary)
 .setOptions(
 CelOptions.DEFAULT.toBuilder().evaluateCanonicalTypesToNativeValues(true).build())
 .build();
 cel = ValidateLibrary.newCel();
 }

 @ParameterizedTest
Expand Down
Loading

, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
injectUserscript("// Auto-enable theater mode on YouTube\n(function() {\n function tryTheater() {\n var btn = document.querySelector('button[aria-label=\"Theater mode\"], ytd-player #player button[title=\"Theater mode\"]');\n if (btn && !btn.classList.contains('activated')) {\n btn.click();\n }\n }\n \n // Try immediately\n tryTheater();\n \n // Try after navigation (SPA)\n var lastUrl = location.href;\n setInterval(function() {\n if (location.href !== lastUrl) {\n lastUrl = location.href;\n setTimeout(tryTheater, 500);\n }\n }, 1000);\n \n // Also try on player load\n var observer = new MutationObserver(tryTheater);\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });\n})();", "YouTube Theater Mode Default");
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:YouTube Theater Mode Default]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "*";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '

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Add a cache for compiled regex patterns#459

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 Merged

pkwarren
merged 1 commit into

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Apr 24, 2026
 Merged


Add a cache for compiled regex patterns
#459
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10 changes: 10 additions & 0 deletions
benchmarks/src/jmh/java/build/buf/protovalidate/benchmarks/ValidationBenchmark.java

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
import build.buf.protovalidate.Validator;
import build.buf.protovalidate.ValidatorFactory;
import build.buf.protovalidate.benchmarks.gen.ManyUnruledFieldsMessage;
import build.buf.protovalidate.benchmarks.gen.RegexPatternMessage;
import build.buf.protovalidate.benchmarks.gen.RepeatedRuleMessage;
import build.buf.protovalidate.benchmarks.gen.SimpleStringMessage;
import build.buf.protovalidate.exceptions.ValidationException;
Expand All@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ public class ValidationBenchmark {
 private SimpleStringMessage simple;
 private ManyUnruledFieldsMessage manyUnruled;
 private RepeatedRuleMessage repeatedRule;
 private RegexPatternMessage regexPattern;

 @Setup
 public void setup() throws ValidationException {
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -67,10 +69,13 @@ public void setup() throws ValidationException {
 }
 repeatedRule = repeatedRuleBuilder.build();

 regexPattern = RegexPatternMessage.newBuilder().setName("Alice Example").build();

 // Warm evaluator cache for steady-state benchmarks.
 validator.validate(simple);
 validator.validate(manyUnruled);
 validator.validate(repeatedRule);
 validator.validate(regexPattern);
 }

 // Steady-state validate() benchmarks. These exercise the hot path after the
Expand All@@ -90,4 +95,9 @@ public void validateManyUnruled(Blackhole bh) throws ValidationException {
 public void validateRepeatedRule(Blackhole bh) throws ValidationException {
 bh.consume(validator.validate(repeatedRule));
 }

 @Benchmark
 public void validateRegexPattern(Blackhole bh) throws ValidationException {
@pkwarrenpkwarrenApr 24, 2026

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Results:
benchmark metric before after delta
validateRegexPattern time 1873.21 ns/op 1323.61 ns/op -29.3%
validateRegexPattern alloc 7828 B/op 4272 B/op -45.4%

 bh.consume(validator.validate(regexPattern));
 }
}

10 changes: 10 additions & 0 deletions
benchmarks/src/jmh/proto/bench/v1/bench.proto

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -69,3 +69,13 @@ message RepeatedRuleMessage {
 string f19 = 19 [(buf.validate.field).string.min_len = 1];
 string f20 = 20 [(buf.validate.field).string.min_len = 1];
}

// Single string field with a string.pattern rule. Targets the regex
// recompile-per-evaluation cost: the CEL runtime's matches() calls
// Pattern.compile on every invocation.
message RegexPatternMessage {
 string name = 1 [(buf.validate.field).string = {
 pattern: "^[[:alpha:]]+( [[:alpha:]]+)*$"
 max_bytes: 256
 }];
}

1 change: 1 addition & 0 deletions
build.gradle.kts

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -398,6 +398,7 @@ dependencies {
 api(libs.jspecify)
 api(libs.protobuf.java)
 implementation(libs.cel)
 implementation(libs.re2j)

 buf("build.buf:buf:${libs.versions.buf.get()}:${osdetector.classifier}@exe")

Expand Down

2 changes: 2 additions & 0 deletions
gradle/libs.versions.toml

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ error-prone = "2.49.0"
junit = "5.14.3"
maven-publish = "0.36.0"
protobuf = "4.34.1"
re2j = "1.8"

[libraries]
assertj = { module = "org.assertj:assertj-core", version.ref = "assertj" }
Expand All@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ junit-bom = { module = "org.junit:junit-bom", version.ref = "junit" }
maven-plugin = { module = "com.vanniktech:gradle-maven-publish-plugin", version.ref = "maven-publish" }
nullaway = { module = "com.uber.nullaway:nullaway", version = "0.13.3" }
protobuf-java = { module = "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java", version.ref = "protobuf" }
re2j = { module = "com.google.re2j:re2j", version.ref = "re2j" }
spotless = { module = "com.diffplug.spotless:spotless-plugin-gradle", version = "8.4.0" }

[plugins]
Expand Down

11 changes: 11 additions & 0 deletions
src/main/java/build/buf/protovalidate/CustomDeclarations.java

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -104,6 +104,17 @@ static List<CelFunctionDecl> create() {
 newMemberOverload(
 "is_hostname", SimpleType.BOOL, Collections.singletonList(SimpleType.STRING))));

 // Redeclare 'matches' with the same overload ids as the stdlib.
 decls.add(
 newFunctionDeclaration(
 "matches",
 newGlobalOverload(
 "matches", SimpleType.BOOL, Arrays.asList(SimpleType.STRING, SimpleType.STRING)),
 newMemberOverload(
 "matches_string",
 SimpleType.BOOL,
 Arrays.asList(SimpleType.STRING, SimpleType.STRING))));

 decls.add(
 newFunctionDeclaration(
 "isHostAndPort",
Expand Down

52 changes: 48 additions & 4 deletions
src/main/java/build/buf/protovalidate/CustomOverload.java

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -16,6 +16,10 @@

import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors;
import com.google.protobuf.Message;
import com.google.re2j.Matcher;
import com.google.re2j.Pattern;
import com.google.re2j.PatternSyntaxException;
import dev.cel.common.CelOptions;
import dev.cel.common.types.CelType;
import dev.cel.common.types.SimpleType;
import dev.cel.common.values.CelByteString;
Expand All@@ -28,7 +32,7 @@
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;

/** Defines custom function overloads (the implementation). */
final class CustomOverload {
Expand All@@ -39,11 +43,14 @@ final class CustomOverload {
 "^[a-zA-Z0-9.!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?(?:\\.[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?)*$");

 /**
 * Create custom function overload list.
 * Create a list of custom function overloads.
 *
 * @param patternCache cache used by the {@code matches}/{@code matches_string} overrides.
 * @param celOptions CEL options the enclosing runtime is built with.
 * @return a list of overloaded functions.
 */
 static List<CelFunctionBinding> create() {
 static List<CelFunctionBinding> create(
 ConcurrentMap<String, Pattern> patternCache, CelOptions celOptions) {
 ArrayList<CelFunctionBinding> bindings = new ArrayList<>();
 bindings.addAll(
 Arrays.asList(
Expand All@@ -65,7 +72,9 @@ static List<CelFunctionBinding> create() {
 celIsNan(),
 celIsInfUnary(),
 celIsInfBinary(),
 celIsHostAndPort()));
 celIsHostAndPort(),
 celMatches(patternCache, celOptions),
 celMatchesString(patternCache, celOptions)));
 bindings.addAll(celUnique());
 return Collections.unmodifiableList(bindings);
 }
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -356,6 +365,41 @@ private static CelFunctionBinding celIsHostAndPort() {
 CustomOverload::isHostAndPort);
 }

 /** Caching replacement for CEL's global {@code matches(string, string)}. */
 @SuppressWarnings("Immutable")
 private static CelFunctionBinding celMatches(
 ConcurrentMap<String, Pattern> patternCache, CelOptions celOptions) {
 return CelFunctionBinding.from(
 "matches",
 String.class,
 String.class,
 (value, regex) -> matches(patternCache, celOptions, value, regex));
 }

 /** Caching replacement for CEL's member-style {@code string.matches(string)}. */
 @SuppressWarnings("Immutable")
 private static CelFunctionBinding celMatchesString(
 ConcurrentMap<String, Pattern> patternCache, CelOptions celOptions) {
 return CelFunctionBinding.from(
 "matches_string",
 String.class,
 String.class,
 (value, regex) -> matches(patternCache, celOptions, value, regex));
 }

 private static boolean matches(
 ConcurrentMap<String, Pattern> cache, CelOptions celOptions, String value, String regex)
 throws CelEvaluationException {
 Pattern pattern;
 try {
 pattern = cache.computeIfAbsent(regex, Pattern::compile);
 } catch (PatternSyntaxException e) {
 throw new CelEvaluationException("failed to compile regex: " + e.getMessage(), e);
 }
 Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(value);
 return celOptions.enableRegexPartialMatch() ? matcher.find() : matcher.matches();
 }

 /**
 * Returns true if the string is a valid host/port pair, for example "example.com:8080".
 *
Expand Down

37 changes: 36 additions & 1 deletion
src/main/java/build/buf/protovalidate/ValidateLibrary.java

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -14,24 +14,59 @@

package build.buf.protovalidate;

import com.google.re2j.Pattern;
import dev.cel.bundle.Cel;
import dev.cel.bundle.CelFactory;
import dev.cel.checker.CelCheckerBuilder;
import dev.cel.checker.CelStandardDeclarations;
import dev.cel.common.CelOptions;
import dev.cel.common.CelVarDecl;
import dev.cel.common.types.SimpleType;
import dev.cel.compiler.CelCompilerLibrary;
import dev.cel.extensions.CelExtensions;
import dev.cel.parser.CelParserBuilder;
import dev.cel.parser.CelStandardMacro;
import dev.cel.runtime.CelRuntimeBuilder;
import dev.cel.runtime.CelRuntimeLibrary;
import dev.cel.runtime.CelStandardFunctions;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;

/**
 * Custom {@link CelCompilerLibrary} and {@link CelRuntimeLibrary}. Provides all the custom
 * extension function definitions and overloads.
 */
final class ValidateLibrary implements CelCompilerLibrary, CelRuntimeLibrary {

 private static final CelOptions CEL_OPTIONS = CelOptions.DEFAULT;

 private final ConcurrentMap<String, Pattern> patternCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
@pkwarrenpkwarrenApr 24, 2026

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Unlike the proposed fix in cel-expr/cel-java#1038, this cache is scoped to a Validator and not global.

 /** Creates a ValidateLibrary with all custom declarations and overloads. */
 ValidateLibrary() {}

 static Cel newCel() {
 ValidateLibrary validateLibrary = new ValidateLibrary();
 // NOTE: CelExtensions.strings() does not implement string.reverse() or strings.quote() which
 // are available in protovalidate-go. Fixed in https://github.com/google/cel-java/pull/998.
 return CelFactory.standardCelBuilder()
 .setOptions(CEL_OPTIONS)
 // Drop stdlib matches; CustomOverload provides a caching replacement.
 // Ref: https://github.com/google/cel-java/issues/1038
 .setStandardEnvironmentEnabled(false)
 .setStandardDeclarations(
 CelStandardDeclarations.newBuilder()
 .excludeFunctions(CelStandardDeclarations.StandardFunction.MATCHES)
 .build())
 .setStandardFunctions(
 CelStandardFunctions.newBuilder()
 .excludeFunctions(CelStandardFunctions.StandardFunction.MATCHES)
 .build())
 .addCompilerLibraries(validateLibrary, CelExtensions.strings())
 .addRuntimeLibraries(validateLibrary, CelExtensions.strings())
 .build();
 }

 @Override
 public void setParserOptions(CelParserBuilder parserBuilder) {
 parserBuilder.setStandardMacros(
Expand All@@ -54,6 +89,6 @@ public void setCheckerOptions(CelCheckerBuilder checkerBuilder) {

 @Override
 public void setRuntimeOptions(CelRuntimeBuilder runtimeBuilder) {
 runtimeBuilder.addFunctionBindings(CustomOverload.create());
 runtimeBuilder.addFunctionBindings(CustomOverload.create(patternCache, CEL_OPTIONS));
 }
}

21 changes: 3 additions & 18 deletions
src/main/java/build/buf/protovalidate/ValidatorImpl.java

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -18,10 +18,6 @@
import build.buf.protovalidate.exceptions.ValidationException;
import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor;
import com.google.protobuf.Message;
import dev.cel.bundle.Cel;
import dev.cel.bundle.CelFactory;
import dev.cel.common.CelOptions;
import dev.cel.extensions.CelExtensions;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

Expand All@@ -36,13 +32,14 @@ final class ValidatorImpl implements Validator {
 private final boolean failFast;

 ValidatorImpl(Config config) {
 this.evaluatorBuilder = new EvaluatorBuilder(newCel(), config);
 this.evaluatorBuilder = new EvaluatorBuilder(ValidateLibrary.newCel(), config);
 this.failFast = config.isFailFast();
 }

 ValidatorImpl(Config config, List<Descriptor> descriptors, boolean disableLazy)
 throws CompilationException {
 this.evaluatorBuilder = new EvaluatorBuilder(newCel(), config, descriptors, disableLazy);
 this.evaluatorBuilder =
 new EvaluatorBuilder(ValidateLibrary.newCel(), config, descriptors, disableLazy);
 this.failFast = config.isFailFast();
 }

Expand All@@ -63,16 +60,4 @@ public ValidationResult validate(Message msg) throws ValidationException {
 }
 return new ValidationResult(violations);
 }

 private static Cel newCel() {
 ValidateLibrary validateLibrary = new ValidateLibrary();
 // NOTE: CelExtensions.strings() does not implement string.reverse() or strings.quote() which
 // are available in protovalidate-go.
 return CelFactory.standardCelBuilder()
 .addCompilerLibraries(validateLibrary, CelExtensions.strings())
 .addRuntimeLibraries(validateLibrary, CelExtensions.strings())
 .setOptions(
 CelOptions.DEFAULT.toBuilder().evaluateCanonicalTypesToNativeValues(true).build())
 .build();
 }
}

24 changes: 14 additions & 10 deletions
src/test/java/build/buf/protovalidate/CustomOverloadTest.java

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -18,9 +18,7 @@
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatThrownBy;

import dev.cel.bundle.Cel;
import dev.cel.bundle.CelFactory;
import dev.cel.common.CelAbstractSyntaxTree;
import dev.cel.common.CelOptions;
import dev.cel.common.CelValidationException;
import dev.cel.common.CelValidationResult;
import dev.cel.runtime.CelEvaluationException;
Expand All@@ -31,14 +29,7 @@

public class CustomOverloadTest {

 private final ValidateLibrary validateLibrary = new ValidateLibrary();
 private final Cel cel =
 CelFactory.standardCelBuilder()
 .addCompilerLibraries(validateLibrary)
 .addRuntimeLibraries(validateLibrary)
 .setOptions(
 CelOptions.DEFAULT.toBuilder().evaluateCanonicalTypesToNativeValues(true).build())
Comment thread
pkwarren marked this conversation as resolved.

 .build();
 private final Cel cel = ValidateLibrary.newCel();

 @Test
 public void testIsInf() throws Exception {
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -173,6 +164,19 @@ public void testBytesContains() throws Exception {
 assertThat(evalToBool("bytes('12345').contains(bytes('123456'))")).isFalse();
 }

 @Test
 public void testMatchesPartialMatch() throws Exception {
 // CelOptions.DEFAULT sets enableRegexPartialMatch(true), so an unanchored regex should
 // match anywhere in the input (find()), not require a full-string match.
 assertThat(evalToBool("'hello world'.matches('world')")).isTrue();
 assertThat(evalToBool("'hello world'.matches('ell')")).isTrue();
 // Anchored patterns still behave the same.
 assertThat(evalToBool("'hello'.matches('^hello$')")).isTrue();
 assertThat(evalToBool("'hello world'.matches('^hello$')")).isFalse();
 // Global form.
 assertThat(evalToBool("matches('hello world', 'world')")).isTrue();
 }

 private Object eval(String source) throws Exception {
 return eval(source, Collections.emptyMap());
 }
Expand Down

11 changes: 1 addition & 10 deletions
src/test/java/build/buf/protovalidate/FormatTest.java

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -26,8 +26,6 @@
import com.google.protobuf.TextFormat;
import dev.cel.bundle.Cel;
import dev.cel.bundle.CelBuilder;
import dev.cel.bundle.CelFactory;
import dev.cel.common.CelOptions;
import dev.cel.common.CelValidationException;
import dev.cel.common.CelValidationResult;
import dev.cel.common.types.SimpleType;
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -87,14 +85,7 @@ public static void setUp() throws Exception {
 .flatMap(s -> s.getTestList().stream())
 .collect(Collectors.toList());

 ValidateLibrary validateLibrary = new ValidateLibrary();
 cel =
 CelFactory.standardCelBuilder()
 .addCompilerLibraries(validateLibrary)
 .addRuntimeLibraries(validateLibrary)
 .setOptions(
 CelOptions.DEFAULT.toBuilder().evaluateCanonicalTypesToNativeValues(true).build())
 .build();
 cel = ValidateLibrary.newCel();
 }

 @ParameterizedTest
Expand Down
Loading

, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
injectUserscript("// Remove or un-stick sticky/fixed headers that block content\n(function() {\n function unstick() {\n document.querySelectorAll('header, nav, [role=\"banner\"], .header, .navbar, .sticky, .fixed-top, [style*=\"position: fixed\"], [style*=\"position:sticky\"]').forEach(function(el) {\n if (el.style.position === 'fixed' || el.style.position === 'sticky' || \n getComputedStyle(el).position === 'fixed' || getComputedStyle(el).position === 'sticky') {\n el.style.position = 'static';\n el.style.top = 'auto';\n el.style.zIndex = 'auto';\n }\n });\n }\n \n unstick();\n \n var observer = new MutationObserver(unstick);\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true, attributes: true, attributeFilter: ['style', 'class'] });\n})();", "Kill Sticky Headers");
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Kill Sticky Headers]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "*";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '

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Add a cache for compiled regex patterns#459

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 Merged

pkwarren
merged 1 commit into

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Apr 24, 2026
 Merged


Add a cache for compiled regex patterns
#459
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10 changes: 10 additions & 0 deletions
benchmarks/src/jmh/java/build/buf/protovalidate/benchmarks/ValidationBenchmark.java

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
import build.buf.protovalidate.Validator;
import build.buf.protovalidate.ValidatorFactory;
import build.buf.protovalidate.benchmarks.gen.ManyUnruledFieldsMessage;
import build.buf.protovalidate.benchmarks.gen.RegexPatternMessage;
import build.buf.protovalidate.benchmarks.gen.RepeatedRuleMessage;
import build.buf.protovalidate.benchmarks.gen.SimpleStringMessage;
import build.buf.protovalidate.exceptions.ValidationException;
Expand All@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ public class ValidationBenchmark {
 private SimpleStringMessage simple;
 private ManyUnruledFieldsMessage manyUnruled;
 private RepeatedRuleMessage repeatedRule;
 private RegexPatternMessage regexPattern;

 @Setup
 public void setup() throws ValidationException {
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -67,10 +69,13 @@ public void setup() throws ValidationException {
 }
 repeatedRule = repeatedRuleBuilder.build();

 regexPattern = RegexPatternMessage.newBuilder().setName("Alice Example").build();

 // Warm evaluator cache for steady-state benchmarks.
 validator.validate(simple);
 validator.validate(manyUnruled);
 validator.validate(repeatedRule);
 validator.validate(regexPattern);
 }

 // Steady-state validate() benchmarks. These exercise the hot path after the
Expand All@@ -90,4 +95,9 @@ public void validateManyUnruled(Blackhole bh) throws ValidationException {
 public void validateRepeatedRule(Blackhole bh) throws ValidationException {
 bh.consume(validator.validate(repeatedRule));
 }

 @Benchmark
 public void validateRegexPattern(Blackhole bh) throws ValidationException {
@pkwarrenpkwarrenApr 24, 2026

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Results:
benchmark metric before after delta
validateRegexPattern time 1873.21 ns/op 1323.61 ns/op -29.3%
validateRegexPattern alloc 7828 B/op 4272 B/op -45.4%

 bh.consume(validator.validate(regexPattern));
 }
}

10 changes: 10 additions & 0 deletions
benchmarks/src/jmh/proto/bench/v1/bench.proto

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -69,3 +69,13 @@ message RepeatedRuleMessage {
 string f19 = 19 [(buf.validate.field).string.min_len = 1];
 string f20 = 20 [(buf.validate.field).string.min_len = 1];
}

// Single string field with a string.pattern rule. Targets the regex
// recompile-per-evaluation cost: the CEL runtime's matches() calls
// Pattern.compile on every invocation.
message RegexPatternMessage {
 string name = 1 [(buf.validate.field).string = {
 pattern: "^[[:alpha:]]+( [[:alpha:]]+)*$"
 max_bytes: 256
 }];
}

1 change: 1 addition & 0 deletions
build.gradle.kts

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -398,6 +398,7 @@ dependencies {
 api(libs.jspecify)
 api(libs.protobuf.java)
 implementation(libs.cel)
 implementation(libs.re2j)

 buf("build.buf:buf:${libs.versions.buf.get()}:${osdetector.classifier}@exe")

Expand Down

2 changes: 2 additions & 0 deletions
gradle/libs.versions.toml

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ error-prone = "2.49.0"
junit = "5.14.3"
maven-publish = "0.36.0"
protobuf = "4.34.1"
re2j = "1.8"

[libraries]
assertj = { module = "org.assertj:assertj-core", version.ref = "assertj" }
Expand All@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ junit-bom = { module = "org.junit:junit-bom", version.ref = "junit" }
maven-plugin = { module = "com.vanniktech:gradle-maven-publish-plugin", version.ref = "maven-publish" }
nullaway = { module = "com.uber.nullaway:nullaway", version = "0.13.3" }
protobuf-java = { module = "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java", version.ref = "protobuf" }
re2j = { module = "com.google.re2j:re2j", version.ref = "re2j" }
spotless = { module = "com.diffplug.spotless:spotless-plugin-gradle", version = "8.4.0" }

[plugins]
Expand Down

11 changes: 11 additions & 0 deletions
src/main/java/build/buf/protovalidate/CustomDeclarations.java

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -104,6 +104,17 @@ static List<CelFunctionDecl> create() {
 newMemberOverload(
 "is_hostname", SimpleType.BOOL, Collections.singletonList(SimpleType.STRING))));

 // Redeclare 'matches' with the same overload ids as the stdlib.
 decls.add(
 newFunctionDeclaration(
 "matches",
 newGlobalOverload(
 "matches", SimpleType.BOOL, Arrays.asList(SimpleType.STRING, SimpleType.STRING)),
 newMemberOverload(
 "matches_string",
 SimpleType.BOOL,
 Arrays.asList(SimpleType.STRING, SimpleType.STRING))));

 decls.add(
 newFunctionDeclaration(
 "isHostAndPort",
Expand Down

52 changes: 48 additions & 4 deletions
src/main/java/build/buf/protovalidate/CustomOverload.java

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -16,6 +16,10 @@

import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors;
import com.google.protobuf.Message;
import com.google.re2j.Matcher;
import com.google.re2j.Pattern;
import com.google.re2j.PatternSyntaxException;
import dev.cel.common.CelOptions;
import dev.cel.common.types.CelType;
import dev.cel.common.types.SimpleType;
import dev.cel.common.values.CelByteString;
Expand All@@ -28,7 +32,7 @@
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;

/** Defines custom function overloads (the implementation). */
final class CustomOverload {
Expand All@@ -39,11 +43,14 @@ final class CustomOverload {
 "^[a-zA-Z0-9.!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?(?:\\.[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?)*$");

 /**
 * Create custom function overload list.
 * Create a list of custom function overloads.
 *
 * @param patternCache cache used by the {@code matches}/{@code matches_string} overrides.
 * @param celOptions CEL options the enclosing runtime is built with.
 * @return a list of overloaded functions.
 */
 static List<CelFunctionBinding> create() {
 static List<CelFunctionBinding> create(
 ConcurrentMap<String, Pattern> patternCache, CelOptions celOptions) {
 ArrayList<CelFunctionBinding> bindings = new ArrayList<>();
 bindings.addAll(
 Arrays.asList(
Expand All@@ -65,7 +72,9 @@ static List<CelFunctionBinding> create() {
 celIsNan(),
 celIsInfUnary(),
 celIsInfBinary(),
 celIsHostAndPort()));
 celIsHostAndPort(),
 celMatches(patternCache, celOptions),
 celMatchesString(patternCache, celOptions)));
 bindings.addAll(celUnique());
 return Collections.unmodifiableList(bindings);
 }
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -356,6 +365,41 @@ private static CelFunctionBinding celIsHostAndPort() {
 CustomOverload::isHostAndPort);
 }

 /** Caching replacement for CEL's global {@code matches(string, string)}. */
 @SuppressWarnings("Immutable")
 private static CelFunctionBinding celMatches(
 ConcurrentMap<String, Pattern> patternCache, CelOptions celOptions) {
 return CelFunctionBinding.from(
 "matches",
 String.class,
 String.class,
 (value, regex) -> matches(patternCache, celOptions, value, regex));
 }

 /** Caching replacement for CEL's member-style {@code string.matches(string)}. */
 @SuppressWarnings("Immutable")
 private static CelFunctionBinding celMatchesString(
 ConcurrentMap<String, Pattern> patternCache, CelOptions celOptions) {
 return CelFunctionBinding.from(
 "matches_string",
 String.class,
 String.class,
 (value, regex) -> matches(patternCache, celOptions, value, regex));
 }

 private static boolean matches(
 ConcurrentMap<String, Pattern> cache, CelOptions celOptions, String value, String regex)
 throws CelEvaluationException {
 Pattern pattern;
 try {
 pattern = cache.computeIfAbsent(regex, Pattern::compile);
 } catch (PatternSyntaxException e) {
 throw new CelEvaluationException("failed to compile regex: " + e.getMessage(), e);
 }
 Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(value);
 return celOptions.enableRegexPartialMatch() ? matcher.find() : matcher.matches();
 }

 /**
 * Returns true if the string is a valid host/port pair, for example "example.com:8080".
 *
Expand Down

37 changes: 36 additions & 1 deletion
src/main/java/build/buf/protovalidate/ValidateLibrary.java

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -14,24 +14,59 @@

package build.buf.protovalidate;

import com.google.re2j.Pattern;
import dev.cel.bundle.Cel;
import dev.cel.bundle.CelFactory;
import dev.cel.checker.CelCheckerBuilder;
import dev.cel.checker.CelStandardDeclarations;
import dev.cel.common.CelOptions;
import dev.cel.common.CelVarDecl;
import dev.cel.common.types.SimpleType;
import dev.cel.compiler.CelCompilerLibrary;
import dev.cel.extensions.CelExtensions;
import dev.cel.parser.CelParserBuilder;
import dev.cel.parser.CelStandardMacro;
import dev.cel.runtime.CelRuntimeBuilder;
import dev.cel.runtime.CelRuntimeLibrary;
import dev.cel.runtime.CelStandardFunctions;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;

/**
 * Custom {@link CelCompilerLibrary} and {@link CelRuntimeLibrary}. Provides all the custom
 * extension function definitions and overloads.
 */
final class ValidateLibrary implements CelCompilerLibrary, CelRuntimeLibrary {

 private static final CelOptions CEL_OPTIONS = CelOptions.DEFAULT;

 private final ConcurrentMap<String, Pattern> patternCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
@pkwarrenpkwarrenApr 24, 2026

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Unlike the proposed fix in cel-expr/cel-java#1038, this cache is scoped to a Validator and not global.

 /** Creates a ValidateLibrary with all custom declarations and overloads. */
 ValidateLibrary() {}

 static Cel newCel() {
 ValidateLibrary validateLibrary = new ValidateLibrary();
 // NOTE: CelExtensions.strings() does not implement string.reverse() or strings.quote() which
 // are available in protovalidate-go. Fixed in https://github.com/google/cel-java/pull/998.
 return CelFactory.standardCelBuilder()
 .setOptions(CEL_OPTIONS)
 // Drop stdlib matches; CustomOverload provides a caching replacement.
 // Ref: https://github.com/google/cel-java/issues/1038
 .setStandardEnvironmentEnabled(false)
 .setStandardDeclarations(
 CelStandardDeclarations.newBuilder()
 .excludeFunctions(CelStandardDeclarations.StandardFunction.MATCHES)
 .build())
 .setStandardFunctions(
 CelStandardFunctions.newBuilder()
 .excludeFunctions(CelStandardFunctions.StandardFunction.MATCHES)
 .build())
 .addCompilerLibraries(validateLibrary, CelExtensions.strings())
 .addRuntimeLibraries(validateLibrary, CelExtensions.strings())
 .build();
 }

 @Override
 public void setParserOptions(CelParserBuilder parserBuilder) {
 parserBuilder.setStandardMacros(
Expand All@@ -54,6 +89,6 @@ public void setCheckerOptions(CelCheckerBuilder checkerBuilder) {

 @Override
 public void setRuntimeOptions(CelRuntimeBuilder runtimeBuilder) {
 runtimeBuilder.addFunctionBindings(CustomOverload.create());
 runtimeBuilder.addFunctionBindings(CustomOverload.create(patternCache, CEL_OPTIONS));
 }
}

21 changes: 3 additions & 18 deletions
src/main/java/build/buf/protovalidate/ValidatorImpl.java

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -18,10 +18,6 @@
import build.buf.protovalidate.exceptions.ValidationException;
import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor;
import com.google.protobuf.Message;
import dev.cel.bundle.Cel;
import dev.cel.bundle.CelFactory;
import dev.cel.common.CelOptions;
import dev.cel.extensions.CelExtensions;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

Expand All@@ -36,13 +32,14 @@ final class ValidatorImpl implements Validator {
 private final boolean failFast;

 ValidatorImpl(Config config) {
 this.evaluatorBuilder = new EvaluatorBuilder(newCel(), config);
 this.evaluatorBuilder = new EvaluatorBuilder(ValidateLibrary.newCel(), config);
 this.failFast = config.isFailFast();
 }

 ValidatorImpl(Config config, List<Descriptor> descriptors, boolean disableLazy)
 throws CompilationException {
 this.evaluatorBuilder = new EvaluatorBuilder(newCel(), config, descriptors, disableLazy);
 this.evaluatorBuilder =
 new EvaluatorBuilder(ValidateLibrary.newCel(), config, descriptors, disableLazy);
 this.failFast = config.isFailFast();
 }

Expand All@@ -63,16 +60,4 @@ public ValidationResult validate(Message msg) throws ValidationException {
 }
 return new ValidationResult(violations);
 }

 private static Cel newCel() {
 ValidateLibrary validateLibrary = new ValidateLibrary();
 // NOTE: CelExtensions.strings() does not implement string.reverse() or strings.quote() which
 // are available in protovalidate-go.
 return CelFactory.standardCelBuilder()
 .addCompilerLibraries(validateLibrary, CelExtensions.strings())
 .addRuntimeLibraries(validateLibrary, CelExtensions.strings())
 .setOptions(
 CelOptions.DEFAULT.toBuilder().evaluateCanonicalTypesToNativeValues(true).build())
 .build();
 }
}

24 changes: 14 additions & 10 deletions
src/test/java/build/buf/protovalidate/CustomOverloadTest.java

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -18,9 +18,7 @@
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatThrownBy;

import dev.cel.bundle.Cel;
import dev.cel.bundle.CelFactory;
import dev.cel.common.CelAbstractSyntaxTree;
import dev.cel.common.CelOptions;
import dev.cel.common.CelValidationException;
import dev.cel.common.CelValidationResult;
import dev.cel.runtime.CelEvaluationException;
Expand All@@ -31,14 +29,7 @@

public class CustomOverloadTest {

 private final ValidateLibrary validateLibrary = new ValidateLibrary();
 private final Cel cel =
 CelFactory.standardCelBuilder()
 .addCompilerLibraries(validateLibrary)
 .addRuntimeLibraries(validateLibrary)
 .setOptions(
 CelOptions.DEFAULT.toBuilder().evaluateCanonicalTypesToNativeValues(true).build())
Comment thread
pkwarren marked this conversation as resolved.

 .build();
 private final Cel cel = ValidateLibrary.newCel();

 @Test
 public void testIsInf() throws Exception {
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -173,6 +164,19 @@ public void testBytesContains() throws Exception {
 assertThat(evalToBool("bytes('12345').contains(bytes('123456'))")).isFalse();
 }

 @Test
 public void testMatchesPartialMatch() throws Exception {
 // CelOptions.DEFAULT sets enableRegexPartialMatch(true), so an unanchored regex should
 // match anywhere in the input (find()), not require a full-string match.
 assertThat(evalToBool("'hello world'.matches('world')")).isTrue();
 assertThat(evalToBool("'hello world'.matches('ell')")).isTrue();
 // Anchored patterns still behave the same.
 assertThat(evalToBool("'hello'.matches('^hello$')")).isTrue();
 assertThat(evalToBool("'hello world'.matches('^hello$')")).isFalse();
 // Global form.
 assertThat(evalToBool("matches('hello world', 'world')")).isTrue();
 }

 private Object eval(String source) throws Exception {
 return eval(source, Collections.emptyMap());
 }
Expand Down

11 changes: 1 addition & 10 deletions
src/test/java/build/buf/protovalidate/FormatTest.java

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -26,8 +26,6 @@
import com.google.protobuf.TextFormat;
import dev.cel.bundle.Cel;
import dev.cel.bundle.CelBuilder;
import dev.cel.bundle.CelFactory;
import dev.cel.common.CelOptions;
import dev.cel.common.CelValidationException;
import dev.cel.common.CelValidationResult;
import dev.cel.common.types.SimpleType;
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -87,14 +85,7 @@ public static void setUp() throws Exception {
 .flatMap(s -> s.getTestList().stream())
 .collect(Collectors.toList());

 ValidateLibrary validateLibrary = new ValidateLibrary();
 cel =
 CelFactory.standardCelBuilder()
 .addCompilerLibraries(validateLibrary)
 .addRuntimeLibraries(validateLibrary)
 .setOptions(
 CelOptions.DEFAULT.toBuilder().evaluateCanonicalTypesToNativeValues(true).build())
 .build();
 cel = ValidateLibrary.newCel();
 }

 @ParameterizedTest
Expand Down
Loading

, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
injectUserscript("// Universal Dark Mode - works on any site\n(function() {\n var enabled = true;\n \n function applyDarkMode() {\n if (!enabled) return;\n \n // Create style element if it doesn't exist\n var style = document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style');\n if (!style) {\n style = document.createElement('style');\n style.id = 'universal-dark-mode-style';\n document.head.appendChild(style);\n }\n \n // Dark mode CSS - inverts colors but preserves images/video\n style.textContent = '\n /* Invert everything except media */\n html {\n filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important;\n background: #1a1a2e !important;\n }\n \n /* Restore images, videos, iframes, canvas */\n img, video, iframe, canvas, svg, picture, [style*=\"background-image\"] {\n filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important;\n }\n \n /* Preserve specific elements that should not be inverted */\n .no-dark-mode, .no-dark-mode *,\n [data-theme=\"light\"], [data-theme=\"light\"],\n .ace_editor, .ace_editor *,\n .CodeMirror, .CodeMirror *,\n .monaco-editor, .monaco-editor *,\n .markdown-body pre, .markdown-body pre *,\n .highlight, .highlight *,\n pre code, pre code * {\n filter: none !important;\n }\n \n /* Fix common UI elements */\n .modal, .popup, .dropdown-menu, .tooltip, .popover {\n filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important;\n background: #2d2d44 !important;\n border-color: #444 !important;\n }\n \n /* Scrollbars */\n ::-webkit-scrollbar { background: #1a1a2e !important; }\n ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background: #444 !important; }\n ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover { background: #555 !important; }\n \n /* Selection */\n ::selection { background: #4ecdc4 !important; color: #1a1a2e !important; }\n ::-moz-selection { background: #4ecdc4 !important; color: #1a1a2e !important; }\n ';\n }\n \n function removeDarkMode() {\n var style = document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style');\n if (style) style.remove();\n }\n \n // Toggle with Alt+Shift+D\n document.addEventListener('keydown', function(e) {\n if (e.altKey && e.shiftKey && e.key === 'D') {\n e.preventDefault();\n enabled = !enabled;\n if (enabled) {\n applyDarkMode();\n console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Enabled');\n } else {\n removeDarkMode();\n console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Disabled');\n }\n }\n });\n \n // Apply on load\n applyDarkMode();\n \n // Re-apply on dynamic content\n var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {\n if (enabled && !document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style')) {\n applyDarkMode();\n }\n });\n observer.observe(document.head, { childList: true });\n \n console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Loaded - Press Alt+Shift+D to toggle');\n})();", "Universal Dark Mode");
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Universal Dark Mode]', __e); }
})();
})();

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 Merged

pkwarren
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Apr 24, 2026
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Add a cache for compiled regex patterns
#459
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10 changes: 10 additions & 0 deletions
benchmarks/src/jmh/java/build/buf/protovalidate/benchmarks/ValidationBenchmark.java

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
import build.buf.protovalidate.Validator;
import build.buf.protovalidate.ValidatorFactory;
import build.buf.protovalidate.benchmarks.gen.ManyUnruledFieldsMessage;
import build.buf.protovalidate.benchmarks.gen.RegexPatternMessage;
import build.buf.protovalidate.benchmarks.gen.RepeatedRuleMessage;
import build.buf.protovalidate.benchmarks.gen.SimpleStringMessage;
import build.buf.protovalidate.exceptions.ValidationException;
Expand All@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ public class ValidationBenchmark {
 private SimpleStringMessage simple;
 private ManyUnruledFieldsMessage manyUnruled;
 private RepeatedRuleMessage repeatedRule;
 private RegexPatternMessage regexPattern;

 @Setup
 public void setup() throws ValidationException {
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -67,10 +69,13 @@ public void setup() throws ValidationException {
 }
 repeatedRule = repeatedRuleBuilder.build();

 regexPattern = RegexPatternMessage.newBuilder().setName("Alice Example").build();

 // Warm evaluator cache for steady-state benchmarks.
 validator.validate(simple);
 validator.validate(manyUnruled);
 validator.validate(repeatedRule);
 validator.validate(regexPattern);
 }

 // Steady-state validate() benchmarks. These exercise the hot path after the
Expand All@@ -90,4 +95,9 @@ public void validateManyUnruled(Blackhole bh) throws ValidationException {
 public void validateRepeatedRule(Blackhole bh) throws ValidationException {
 bh.consume(validator.validate(repeatedRule));
 }

 @Benchmark
 public void validateRegexPattern(Blackhole bh) throws ValidationException {
@pkwarrenpkwarrenApr 24, 2026

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Results:
benchmark metric before after delta
validateRegexPattern time 1873.21 ns/op 1323.61 ns/op -29.3%
validateRegexPattern alloc 7828 B/op 4272 B/op -45.4%

 bh.consume(validator.validate(regexPattern));
 }
}

10 changes: 10 additions & 0 deletions
benchmarks/src/jmh/proto/bench/v1/bench.proto

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -69,3 +69,13 @@ message RepeatedRuleMessage {
 string f19 = 19 [(buf.validate.field).string.min_len = 1];
 string f20 = 20 [(buf.validate.field).string.min_len = 1];
}

// Single string field with a string.pattern rule. Targets the regex
// recompile-per-evaluation cost: the CEL runtime's matches() calls
// Pattern.compile on every invocation.
message RegexPatternMessage {
 string name = 1 [(buf.validate.field).string = {
 pattern: "^[[:alpha:]]+( [[:alpha:]]+)*$"
 max_bytes: 256
 }];
}

1 change: 1 addition & 0 deletions
build.gradle.kts

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -398,6 +398,7 @@ dependencies {
 api(libs.jspecify)
 api(libs.protobuf.java)
 implementation(libs.cel)
 implementation(libs.re2j)

 buf("build.buf:buf:${libs.versions.buf.get()}:${osdetector.classifier}@exe")

Expand Down

2 changes: 2 additions & 0 deletions
gradle/libs.versions.toml

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ error-prone = "2.49.0"
junit = "5.14.3"
maven-publish = "0.36.0"
protobuf = "4.34.1"
re2j = "1.8"

[libraries]
assertj = { module = "org.assertj:assertj-core", version.ref = "assertj" }
Expand All@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ junit-bom = { module = "org.junit:junit-bom", version.ref = "junit" }
maven-plugin = { module = "com.vanniktech:gradle-maven-publish-plugin", version.ref = "maven-publish" }
nullaway = { module = "com.uber.nullaway:nullaway", version = "0.13.3" }
protobuf-java = { module = "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java", version.ref = "protobuf" }
re2j = { module = "com.google.re2j:re2j", version.ref = "re2j" }
spotless = { module = "com.diffplug.spotless:spotless-plugin-gradle", version = "8.4.0" }

[plugins]
Expand Down

11 changes: 11 additions & 0 deletions
src/main/java/build/buf/protovalidate/CustomDeclarations.java

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -104,6 +104,17 @@ static List<CelFunctionDecl> create() {
 newMemberOverload(
 "is_hostname", SimpleType.BOOL, Collections.singletonList(SimpleType.STRING))));

 // Redeclare 'matches' with the same overload ids as the stdlib.
 decls.add(
 newFunctionDeclaration(
 "matches",
 newGlobalOverload(
 "matches", SimpleType.BOOL, Arrays.asList(SimpleType.STRING, SimpleType.STRING)),
 newMemberOverload(
 "matches_string",
 SimpleType.BOOL,
 Arrays.asList(SimpleType.STRING, SimpleType.STRING))));

 decls.add(
 newFunctionDeclaration(
 "isHostAndPort",
Expand Down

52 changes: 48 additions & 4 deletions
src/main/java/build/buf/protovalidate/CustomOverload.java

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -16,6 +16,10 @@

import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors;
import com.google.protobuf.Message;
import com.google.re2j.Matcher;
import com.google.re2j.Pattern;
import com.google.re2j.PatternSyntaxException;
import dev.cel.common.CelOptions;
import dev.cel.common.types.CelType;
import dev.cel.common.types.SimpleType;
import dev.cel.common.values.CelByteString;
Expand All@@ -28,7 +32,7 @@
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;

/** Defines custom function overloads (the implementation). */
final class CustomOverload {
Expand All@@ -39,11 +43,14 @@ final class CustomOverload {
 "^[a-zA-Z0-9.!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?(?:\\.[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?)*$");

 /**
 * Create custom function overload list.
 * Create a list of custom function overloads.
 *
 * @param patternCache cache used by the {@code matches}/{@code matches_string} overrides.
 * @param celOptions CEL options the enclosing runtime is built with.
 * @return a list of overloaded functions.
 */
 static List<CelFunctionBinding> create() {
 static List<CelFunctionBinding> create(
 ConcurrentMap<String, Pattern> patternCache, CelOptions celOptions) {
 ArrayList<CelFunctionBinding> bindings = new ArrayList<>();
 bindings.addAll(
 Arrays.asList(
Expand All@@ -65,7 +72,9 @@ static List<CelFunctionBinding> create() {
 celIsNan(),
 celIsInfUnary(),
 celIsInfBinary(),
 celIsHostAndPort()));
 celIsHostAndPort(),
 celMatches(patternCache, celOptions),
 celMatchesString(patternCache, celOptions)));
 bindings.addAll(celUnique());
 return Collections.unmodifiableList(bindings);
 }
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -356,6 +365,41 @@ private static CelFunctionBinding celIsHostAndPort() {
 CustomOverload::isHostAndPort);
 }

 /** Caching replacement for CEL's global {@code matches(string, string)}. */
 @SuppressWarnings("Immutable")
 private static CelFunctionBinding celMatches(
 ConcurrentMap<String, Pattern> patternCache, CelOptions celOptions) {
 return CelFunctionBinding.from(
 "matches",
 String.class,
 String.class,
 (value, regex) -> matches(patternCache, celOptions, value, regex));
 }

 /** Caching replacement for CEL's member-style {@code string.matches(string)}. */
 @SuppressWarnings("Immutable")
 private static CelFunctionBinding celMatchesString(
 ConcurrentMap<String, Pattern> patternCache, CelOptions celOptions) {
 return CelFunctionBinding.from(
 "matches_string",
 String.class,
 String.class,
 (value, regex) -> matches(patternCache, celOptions, value, regex));
 }

 private static boolean matches(
 ConcurrentMap<String, Pattern> cache, CelOptions celOptions, String value, String regex)
 throws CelEvaluationException {
 Pattern pattern;
 try {
 pattern = cache.computeIfAbsent(regex, Pattern::compile);
 } catch (PatternSyntaxException e) {
 throw new CelEvaluationException("failed to compile regex: " + e.getMessage(), e);
 }
 Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(value);
 return celOptions.enableRegexPartialMatch() ? matcher.find() : matcher.matches();
 }

 /**
 * Returns true if the string is a valid host/port pair, for example "example.com:8080".
 *
Expand Down

37 changes: 36 additions & 1 deletion
src/main/java/build/buf/protovalidate/ValidateLibrary.java

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -14,24 +14,59 @@

package build.buf.protovalidate;

import com.google.re2j.Pattern;
import dev.cel.bundle.Cel;
import dev.cel.bundle.CelFactory;
import dev.cel.checker.CelCheckerBuilder;
import dev.cel.checker.CelStandardDeclarations;
import dev.cel.common.CelOptions;
import dev.cel.common.CelVarDecl;
import dev.cel.common.types.SimpleType;
import dev.cel.compiler.CelCompilerLibrary;
import dev.cel.extensions.CelExtensions;
import dev.cel.parser.CelParserBuilder;
import dev.cel.parser.CelStandardMacro;
import dev.cel.runtime.CelRuntimeBuilder;
import dev.cel.runtime.CelRuntimeLibrary;
import dev.cel.runtime.CelStandardFunctions;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;

/**
 * Custom {@link CelCompilerLibrary} and {@link CelRuntimeLibrary}. Provides all the custom
 * extension function definitions and overloads.
 */
final class ValidateLibrary implements CelCompilerLibrary, CelRuntimeLibrary {

 private static final CelOptions CEL_OPTIONS = CelOptions.DEFAULT;

 private final ConcurrentMap<String, Pattern> patternCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
@pkwarrenpkwarrenApr 24, 2026

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Unlike the proposed fix in cel-expr/cel-java#1038, this cache is scoped to a Validator and not global.

 /** Creates a ValidateLibrary with all custom declarations and overloads. */
 ValidateLibrary() {}

 static Cel newCel() {
 ValidateLibrary validateLibrary = new ValidateLibrary();
 // NOTE: CelExtensions.strings() does not implement string.reverse() or strings.quote() which
 // are available in protovalidate-go. Fixed in https://github.com/google/cel-java/pull/998.
 return CelFactory.standardCelBuilder()
 .setOptions(CEL_OPTIONS)
 // Drop stdlib matches; CustomOverload provides a caching replacement.
 // Ref: https://github.com/google/cel-java/issues/1038
 .setStandardEnvironmentEnabled(false)
 .setStandardDeclarations(
 CelStandardDeclarations.newBuilder()
 .excludeFunctions(CelStandardDeclarations.StandardFunction.MATCHES)
 .build())
 .setStandardFunctions(
 CelStandardFunctions.newBuilder()
 .excludeFunctions(CelStandardFunctions.StandardFunction.MATCHES)
 .build())
 .addCompilerLibraries(validateLibrary, CelExtensions.strings())
 .addRuntimeLibraries(validateLibrary, CelExtensions.strings())
 .build();
 }

 @Override
 public void setParserOptions(CelParserBuilder parserBuilder) {
 parserBuilder.setStandardMacros(
Expand All@@ -54,6 +89,6 @@ public void setCheckerOptions(CelCheckerBuilder checkerBuilder) {

 @Override
 public void setRuntimeOptions(CelRuntimeBuilder runtimeBuilder) {
 runtimeBuilder.addFunctionBindings(CustomOverload.create());
 runtimeBuilder.addFunctionBindings(CustomOverload.create(patternCache, CEL_OPTIONS));
 }
}

21 changes: 3 additions & 18 deletions
src/main/java/build/buf/protovalidate/ValidatorImpl.java

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -18,10 +18,6 @@
import build.buf.protovalidate.exceptions.ValidationException;
import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor;
import com.google.protobuf.Message;
import dev.cel.bundle.Cel;
import dev.cel.bundle.CelFactory;
import dev.cel.common.CelOptions;
import dev.cel.extensions.CelExtensions;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

Expand All@@ -36,13 +32,14 @@ final class ValidatorImpl implements Validator {
 private final boolean failFast;

 ValidatorImpl(Config config) {
 this.evaluatorBuilder = new EvaluatorBuilder(newCel(), config);
 this.evaluatorBuilder = new EvaluatorBuilder(ValidateLibrary.newCel(), config);
 this.failFast = config.isFailFast();
 }

 ValidatorImpl(Config config, List<Descriptor> descriptors, boolean disableLazy)
 throws CompilationException {
 this.evaluatorBuilder = new EvaluatorBuilder(newCel(), config, descriptors, disableLazy);
 this.evaluatorBuilder =
 new EvaluatorBuilder(ValidateLibrary.newCel(), config, descriptors, disableLazy);
 this.failFast = config.isFailFast();
 }

Expand All@@ -63,16 +60,4 @@ public ValidationResult validate(Message msg) throws ValidationException {
 }
 return new ValidationResult(violations);
 }

 private static Cel newCel() {
 ValidateLibrary validateLibrary = new ValidateLibrary();
 // NOTE: CelExtensions.strings() does not implement string.reverse() or strings.quote() which
 // are available in protovalidate-go.
 return CelFactory.standardCelBuilder()
 .addCompilerLibraries(validateLibrary, CelExtensions.strings())
 .addRuntimeLibraries(validateLibrary, CelExtensions.strings())
 .setOptions(
 CelOptions.DEFAULT.toBuilder().evaluateCanonicalTypesToNativeValues(true).build())
 .build();
 }
}

24 changes: 14 additions & 10 deletions
src/test/java/build/buf/protovalidate/CustomOverloadTest.java

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -18,9 +18,7 @@
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatThrownBy;

import dev.cel.bundle.Cel;
import dev.cel.bundle.CelFactory;
import dev.cel.common.CelAbstractSyntaxTree;
import dev.cel.common.CelOptions;
import dev.cel.common.CelValidationException;
import dev.cel.common.CelValidationResult;
import dev.cel.runtime.CelEvaluationException;
Expand All@@ -31,14 +29,7 @@

public class CustomOverloadTest {

 private final ValidateLibrary validateLibrary = new ValidateLibrary();
 private final Cel cel =
 CelFactory.standardCelBuilder()
 .addCompilerLibraries(validateLibrary)
 .addRuntimeLibraries(validateLibrary)
 .setOptions(
 CelOptions.DEFAULT.toBuilder().evaluateCanonicalTypesToNativeValues(true).build())
Comment thread
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 .build();
 private final Cel cel = ValidateLibrary.newCel();

 @Test
 public void testIsInf() throws Exception {
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -173,6 +164,19 @@ public void testBytesContains() throws Exception {
 assertThat(evalToBool("bytes('12345').contains(bytes('123456'))")).isFalse();
 }

 @Test
 public void testMatchesPartialMatch() throws Exception {
 // CelOptions.DEFAULT sets enableRegexPartialMatch(true), so an unanchored regex should
 // match anywhere in the input (find()), not require a full-string match.
 assertThat(evalToBool("'hello world'.matches('world')")).isTrue();
 assertThat(evalToBool("'hello world'.matches('ell')")).isTrue();
 // Anchored patterns still behave the same.
 assertThat(evalToBool("'hello'.matches('^hello$')")).isTrue();
 assertThat(evalToBool("'hello world'.matches('^hello$')")).isFalse();
 // Global form.
 assertThat(evalToBool("matches('hello world', 'world')")).isTrue();
 }

 private Object eval(String source) throws Exception {
 return eval(source, Collections.emptyMap());
 }
Expand Down

11 changes: 1 addition & 10 deletions
src/test/java/build/buf/protovalidate/FormatTest.java

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -26,8 +26,6 @@
import com.google.protobuf.TextFormat;
import dev.cel.bundle.Cel;
import dev.cel.bundle.CelBuilder;
import dev.cel.bundle.CelFactory;
import dev.cel.common.CelOptions;
import dev.cel.common.CelValidationException;
import dev.cel.common.CelValidationResult;
import dev.cel.common.types.SimpleType;
Expand DownExpand Up@@ -87,14 +85,7 @@ public static void setUp() throws Exception {
 .flatMap(s -> s.getTestList().stream())
 .collect(Collectors.toList());

 ValidateLibrary validateLibrary = new ValidateLibrary();
 cel =
 CelFactory.standardCelBuilder()
 .addCompilerLibraries(validateLibrary)
 .addRuntimeLibraries(validateLibrary)
 .setOptions(
 CelOptions.DEFAULT.toBuilder().evaluateCanonicalTypesToNativeValues(true).build())
 .build();
 cel = ValidateLibrary.newCel();
 }

 @ParameterizedTest
Expand Down
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