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Workers' compensation, retrospective and experience rating

Introduction

hardhat aims to bring workers' compensation calculations into a single Python package by converting the algorithms from the (historical) CAS Exam 8 material into code. We will start with Table M construction (since it's one of the easier papers).

Examples

Table M Construction

fromhardhatimportTableMfromhardhat.utils.utility_functionsimportload_sampledf=load_sample(key='brosius')
table_m=TableM(
data=df, experience='Actual Loss', index="Risk"
)
print(table_m)
ActualLossEntryRatioRisk1200000.22500000.53600000.64700000.75800000.86800000.87900000.981000001.091500001.5103000003.0print(table_m.phi(r=1.2))
0.21000000000000002

Lee Diagram

table_m.lee_diagram().show()

Lee Diagram

Relevant Papers

Brosius, J. Eric, "Table M Construction," CAS Exam Study Note, 2002, pp. 1-14.

Teng, Michael T.S., "Pricing Workers' Compensation Large Deductible and Excess Insurance," Casualty Actuarial Society Forum, Winter 1994, pp. 413-437.

Feldblum, Sholom, "Workers' Compensation Ratemaking," CAS Exam Study Note, 1993.

Fisher, Ginda Kaplan; McTaggart, Lawrence; Petker, Jill; Pettingell, Rebecca, "Individual Risk Rating," CAS Study Note, 2019.

Gillam, William R., "Workers Compensation Experience Rating: What Every Actuary Should Know," PCAS LXXIX, 1992, pp. 215-254.

Meyers, Glenn G., "An Analysis of Retrospective Rating," PCAS LXVII, 1980, pp. 110-143.

Lee, Yoong-Sin, "The Mathematics of Excess of Loss Coverages and Retrospective Rating—A Graphical Approach," PCAS LXXV, 1988, pp. 49-77.

Gillam, William R., "Retrospective Rating: Excess Loss Factors," PCAS LXXVIII, 1991, pp. 1-40.

Cook, Charles F.; Lommele, Jan A.; Retterath, Ronald C., "Reserving Issues for Workers' Compensation," CLRS Transcripts, 1994, pp. 83-130.

Skurnick, David, "The California Table L," PCAS LXI, 1974, pp. 117-140.

Robertson, John P., "NCCI's 2007 Hazard Group Mapping," Variance 3(2), 2009, pp. 194-213.

Venter, Gary G., "Transformed Beta and Gamma Distributions and Aggregate Losses," PCAS LXX, 1983, pp. 156-193.

Experts needed!

If you happen to have experience in workers' compensation (*cough*, ahem), your participation will be greatly appreciated. This is intended to be a collaborative effort open to the general public.

About

Workers' compensation, retrospective and experience rating

casact.github.io/hardhat/

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, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { injectUserscript("// Add copy buttons to all 
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})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "github.com";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + "github\\.com" + '

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Workers' compensation, retrospective and experience rating
Introduction
hardhat aims to bring workers' compensation calculations into a single Python package by converting the algorithms from the (historical) CAS Exam 8 material into code. We will start with Table M construction (since it's one of the easier papers).
Examples
Table M Construction
fromhardhatimportTableMfromhardhat.utils.utility_functionsimportload_sampledf=load_sample(key='brosius')
table_m=TableM(
data=df, experience='Actual Loss', index="Risk"
)
print(table_m)
ActualLossEntryRatioRisk1200000.22500000.53600000.64700000.75800000.86800000.87900000.981000001.091500001.5103000003.0print(table_m.phi(r=1.2))
0.21000000000000002
Lee Diagram
table_m.lee_diagram().show()
Lee Diagram
Relevant Papers
Brosius, J. Eric, "Table M Construction," CAS Exam Study Note, 2002, pp. 1-14.
Teng, Michael T.S., "Pricing Workers' Compensation Large Deductible and Excess Insurance," Casualty Actuarial Society Forum, Winter 1994, pp. 413-437.
Feldblum, Sholom, "Workers' Compensation Ratemaking," CAS Exam Study Note, 1993.
Fisher, Ginda Kaplan; McTaggart, Lawrence; Petker, Jill; Pettingell, Rebecca, "Individual Risk Rating," CAS Study Note, 2019.
Gillam, William R., "Workers Compensation Experience Rating: What Every Actuary Should Know," PCAS LXXIX, 1992, pp. 215-254.
Meyers, Glenn G., "An Analysis of Retrospective Rating," PCAS LXVII, 1980, pp. 110-143.
Lee, Yoong-Sin, "The Mathematics of Excess of Loss Coverages and Retrospective Rating—A Graphical Approach," PCAS LXXV, 1988, pp. 49-77.
Gillam, William R., "Retrospective Rating: Excess Loss Factors," PCAS LXXVIII, 1991, pp. 1-40.
Cook, Charles F.; Lommele, Jan A.; Retterath, Ronald C., "Reserving Issues for Workers' Compensation," CLRS Transcripts, 1994, pp. 83-130.
Skurnick, David, "The California Table L," PCAS LXI, 1974, pp. 117-140.
Robertson, John P., "NCCI's 2007 Hazard Group Mapping," Variance 3(2), 2009, pp. 194-213.
Venter, Gary G., "Transformed Beta and Gamma Distributions and Aggregate Losses," PCAS LXX, 1983, pp. 156-193.
Experts needed!
If you happen to have experience in workers' compensation (*cough*, ahem), your participation will be greatly
appreciated. This is intended to be a collaborative effort open to the general public.
About
Workers' compensation, retrospective and experience rating
casact.github.io/hardhat/
Resources
Readme
MPL-2.0 license
Activity
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, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
injectUserscript("// Force GitHub README to respect dark mode\n(function() {\n var style = document.createElement('style');\n style.textContent = '\n .markdown-body {\n color-scheme: dark light;\n }\n .markdown-body pre { background: #161b22 !important; }\n .markdown-body code { background: rgba(110, 118, 129, 0.4) !important; }\n .markdown-body table th, .markdown-body table td { border-color: #30363d !important; }\n .markdown-body img { background: #0d1117; }\n .markdown-body blockquote { border-left-color: #8b949e; }\n .markdown-body hr { border-color: #30363d; }\n ';\n document.head.appendChild(style);\n})();", "GitHub Dark Mode README Fix");
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})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "*";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '

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hardhat
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Workers' compensation, retrospective and experience rating
Introduction
hardhat aims to bring workers' compensation calculations into a single Python package by converting the algorithms from the (historical) CAS Exam 8 material into code. We will start with Table M construction (since it's one of the easier papers).
Examples
Table M Construction
fromhardhatimportTableMfromhardhat.utils.utility_functionsimportload_sampledf=load_sample(key='brosius')
table_m=TableM(
data=df, experience='Actual Loss', index="Risk"
)
print(table_m)
ActualLossEntryRatioRisk1200000.22500000.53600000.64700000.75800000.86800000.87900000.981000001.091500001.5103000003.0print(table_m.phi(r=1.2))
0.21000000000000002
Lee Diagram
table_m.lee_diagram().show()
Lee Diagram
Relevant Papers
Brosius, J. Eric, "Table M Construction," CAS Exam Study Note, 2002, pp. 1-14.
Teng, Michael T.S., "Pricing Workers' Compensation Large Deductible and Excess Insurance," Casualty Actuarial Society Forum, Winter 1994, pp. 413-437.
Feldblum, Sholom, "Workers' Compensation Ratemaking," CAS Exam Study Note, 1993.
Fisher, Ginda Kaplan; McTaggart, Lawrence; Petker, Jill; Pettingell, Rebecca, "Individual Risk Rating," CAS Study Note, 2019.
Gillam, William R., "Workers Compensation Experience Rating: What Every Actuary Should Know," PCAS LXXIX, 1992, pp. 215-254.
Meyers, Glenn G., "An Analysis of Retrospective Rating," PCAS LXVII, 1980, pp. 110-143.
Lee, Yoong-Sin, "The Mathematics of Excess of Loss Coverages and Retrospective Rating—A Graphical Approach," PCAS LXXV, 1988, pp. 49-77.
Gillam, William R., "Retrospective Rating: Excess Loss Factors," PCAS LXXVIII, 1991, pp. 1-40.
Cook, Charles F.; Lommele, Jan A.; Retterath, Ronald C., "Reserving Issues for Workers' Compensation," CLRS Transcripts, 1994, pp. 83-130.
Skurnick, David, "The California Table L," PCAS LXI, 1974, pp. 117-140.
Robertson, John P., "NCCI's 2007 Hazard Group Mapping," Variance 3(2), 2009, pp. 194-213.
Venter, Gary G., "Transformed Beta and Gamma Distributions and Aggregate Losses," PCAS LXX, 1983, pp. 156-193.
Experts needed!
If you happen to have experience in workers' compensation (*cough*, ahem), your participation will be greatly
appreciated. This is intended to be a collaborative effort open to the general public.
About
Workers' compensation, retrospective and experience rating
casact.github.io/hardhat/
Resources
Readme
MPL-2.0 license
Activity
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, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
injectUserscript("// Highlight search terms from Google/DuckDuckGo/Bing referrer\n(function() {\n var ref = document.referrer;\n var terms = [];\n \n if (ref.includes('google.com') || ref.includes('duckduckgo.com') || ref.includes('bing.com')) {\n var url = new URL(ref);\n var q = url.searchParams.get('q') || url.searchParams.get('p');\n if (q) {\n terms = q.split(/\\s+/).filter(function(t) { return t.length > 2; });\n }\n }\n \n if (terms.length === 0) return;\n \n var style = document.createElement('style');\n style.textContent = '.userscript-highlight { background: #fbbf24; color: #1a1a2e; padding: 1px 3px; border-radius: 2px; }';\n document.head.appendChild(style);\n \n function highlight(node) {\n if (node.nodeType === 3) { // text node\n var text = node.textContent;\n var found = false;\n terms.forEach(function(term) {\n var regex = new RegExp('(' + term.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\\]\\\\]/g, '\\\\') + ')', 'gi');\n if (regex.test(text)) {\n found = true;\n var frag = document.createDocumentFragment();\n var parts = text.split(regex);\n parts.forEach(function(part, i) {\n if (i % 2 === 0) {\n frag.appendChild(document.createTextNode(part));\n } else {\n var span = document.createElement('span');\n span.className = 'userscript-highlight';\n span.textContent = part;\n frag.appendChild(span);\n }\n });\n node.parentNode.replaceChild(frag, node);\n }\n });\n } else if (node.nodeType === 1 && node.childNodes) { // element\n var skipTags = ['SCRIPT', 'STYLE', 'NOSCRIPT', 'TEXTAREA', 'INPUT', 'SELECT'];\n if (!skipTags.includes(node.tagName)) {\n Array.from(node.childNodes).forEach(highlight);\n }\n }\n }\n \n highlight(document.body);\n \n // Re-highlight on dynamic content\n var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {\n mutations.forEach(function(m) {\n m.addedNodes.forEach(function(node) {\n if (node.nodeType === 1 || node.nodeType === 3) highlight(node);\n });\n });\n });\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });\n})();", "Highlight Search Terms");
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Highlight Search Terms]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "*";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '

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hardhat
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Workers' compensation, retrospective and experience rating
Introduction
hardhat aims to bring workers' compensation calculations into a single Python package by converting the algorithms from the (historical) CAS Exam 8 material into code. We will start with Table M construction (since it's one of the easier papers).
Examples
Table M Construction
fromhardhatimportTableMfromhardhat.utils.utility_functionsimportload_sampledf=load_sample(key='brosius')
table_m=TableM(
data=df, experience='Actual Loss', index="Risk"
)
print(table_m)
ActualLossEntryRatioRisk1200000.22500000.53600000.64700000.75800000.86800000.87900000.981000001.091500001.5103000003.0print(table_m.phi(r=1.2))
0.21000000000000002
Lee Diagram
table_m.lee_diagram().show()
Lee Diagram
Relevant Papers
Brosius, J. Eric, "Table M Construction," CAS Exam Study Note, 2002, pp. 1-14.
Teng, Michael T.S., "Pricing Workers' Compensation Large Deductible and Excess Insurance," Casualty Actuarial Society Forum, Winter 1994, pp. 413-437.
Feldblum, Sholom, "Workers' Compensation Ratemaking," CAS Exam Study Note, 1993.
Fisher, Ginda Kaplan; McTaggart, Lawrence; Petker, Jill; Pettingell, Rebecca, "Individual Risk Rating," CAS Study Note, 2019.
Gillam, William R., "Workers Compensation Experience Rating: What Every Actuary Should Know," PCAS LXXIX, 1992, pp. 215-254.
Meyers, Glenn G., "An Analysis of Retrospective Rating," PCAS LXVII, 1980, pp. 110-143.
Lee, Yoong-Sin, "The Mathematics of Excess of Loss Coverages and Retrospective Rating—A Graphical Approach," PCAS LXXV, 1988, pp. 49-77.
Gillam, William R., "Retrospective Rating: Excess Loss Factors," PCAS LXXVIII, 1991, pp. 1-40.
Cook, Charles F.; Lommele, Jan A.; Retterath, Ronald C., "Reserving Issues for Workers' Compensation," CLRS Transcripts, 1994, pp. 83-130.
Skurnick, David, "The California Table L," PCAS LXI, 1974, pp. 117-140.
Robertson, John P., "NCCI's 2007 Hazard Group Mapping," Variance 3(2), 2009, pp. 194-213.
Venter, Gary G., "Transformed Beta and Gamma Distributions and Aggregate Losses," PCAS LXX, 1983, pp. 156-193.
Experts needed!
If you happen to have experience in workers' compensation (*cough*, ahem), your participation will be greatly
appreciated. This is intended to be a collaborative effort open to the general public.
About
Workers' compensation, retrospective and experience rating
casact.github.io/hardhat/
Resources
Readme
MPL-2.0 license
Activity
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, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
injectUserscript("// Strip utm_, fbclid, gclid, etc. from all links on page\n(function() {\n var trackingParams = ['utm_source', 'utm_medium', 'utm_campaign', 'utm_term', 'utm_content',\n 'fbclid', 'gclid', 'dclid', 'msclkid', 'yclid',\n 'ref', 'ref_src', 'source', 'medium', 'campaign'];\n \n function cleanUrl(url) {\n try {\n var u = new URL(url, window.location.origin);\n var changed = false;\n trackingParams.forEach(function(p) {\n if (u.searchParams.has(p)) {\n u.searchParams.delete(p);\n changed = true;\n }\n });\n return changed ? u.toString() : url;\n } catch (e) {\n return url;\n }\n }\n \n function cleanLinks() {\n document.querySelectorAll('a[href]').forEach(function(a) {\n var clean = cleanUrl(a.href);\n if (clean !== a.href) a.href = clean;\n });\n }\n \n cleanLinks();\n \n var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {\n mutations.forEach(function(m) {\n m.addedNodes.forEach(function(node) {\n if (node.nodeType === 1) {\n if (node.tagName === 'A') cleanLinks();\n node.querySelectorAll('a[href]').forEach(function(a) {\n var clean = cleanUrl(a.href);\n if (clean !== a.href) a.href = clean;\n });\n }\n });\n });\n });\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });\n})();", "Remove Tracking Parameters from Links");
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Remove Tracking Parameters from Links]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "youtube.com";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + "youtube\\.com" + '

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hardhat
Build Statuscodecov
Workers' compensation, retrospective and experience rating
Introduction
hardhat aims to bring workers' compensation calculations into a single Python package by converting the algorithms from the (historical) CAS Exam 8 material into code. We will start with Table M construction (since it's one of the easier papers).
Examples
Table M Construction
fromhardhatimportTableMfromhardhat.utils.utility_functionsimportload_sampledf=load_sample(key='brosius')
table_m=TableM(
data=df, experience='Actual Loss', index="Risk"
)
print(table_m)
ActualLossEntryRatioRisk1200000.22500000.53600000.64700000.75800000.86800000.87900000.981000001.091500001.5103000003.0print(table_m.phi(r=1.2))
0.21000000000000002
Lee Diagram
table_m.lee_diagram().show()
Lee Diagram
Relevant Papers
Brosius, J. Eric, "Table M Construction," CAS Exam Study Note, 2002, pp. 1-14.
Teng, Michael T.S., "Pricing Workers' Compensation Large Deductible and Excess Insurance," Casualty Actuarial Society Forum, Winter 1994, pp. 413-437.
Feldblum, Sholom, "Workers' Compensation Ratemaking," CAS Exam Study Note, 1993.
Fisher, Ginda Kaplan; McTaggart, Lawrence; Petker, Jill; Pettingell, Rebecca, "Individual Risk Rating," CAS Study Note, 2019.
Gillam, William R., "Workers Compensation Experience Rating: What Every Actuary Should Know," PCAS LXXIX, 1992, pp. 215-254.
Meyers, Glenn G., "An Analysis of Retrospective Rating," PCAS LXVII, 1980, pp. 110-143.
Lee, Yoong-Sin, "The Mathematics of Excess of Loss Coverages and Retrospective Rating—A Graphical Approach," PCAS LXXV, 1988, pp. 49-77.
Gillam, William R., "Retrospective Rating: Excess Loss Factors," PCAS LXXVIII, 1991, pp. 1-40.
Cook, Charles F.; Lommele, Jan A.; Retterath, Ronald C., "Reserving Issues for Workers' Compensation," CLRS Transcripts, 1994, pp. 83-130.
Skurnick, David, "The California Table L," PCAS LXI, 1974, pp. 117-140.
Robertson, John P., "NCCI's 2007 Hazard Group Mapping," Variance 3(2), 2009, pp. 194-213.
Venter, Gary G., "Transformed Beta and Gamma Distributions and Aggregate Losses," PCAS LXX, 1983, pp. 156-193.
Experts needed!
If you happen to have experience in workers' compensation (*cough*, ahem), your participation will be greatly
appreciated. This is intended to be a collaborative effort open to the general public.
About
Workers' compensation, retrospective and experience rating
casact.github.io/hardhat/
Resources
Readme
MPL-2.0 license
Activity
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, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
injectUserscript("// Auto-enable theater mode on YouTube\n(function() {\n function tryTheater() {\n var btn = document.querySelector('button[aria-label=\"Theater mode\"], ytd-player #player button[title=\"Theater mode\"]');\n if (btn && !btn.classList.contains('activated')) {\n btn.click();\n }\n }\n \n // Try immediately\n tryTheater();\n \n // Try after navigation (SPA)\n var lastUrl = location.href;\n setInterval(function() {\n if (location.href !== lastUrl) {\n lastUrl = location.href;\n setTimeout(tryTheater, 500);\n }\n }, 1000);\n \n // Also try on player load\n var observer = new MutationObserver(tryTheater);\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });\n})();", "YouTube Theater Mode Default");
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:YouTube Theater Mode Default]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "*";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '

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hardhat
Build Statuscodecov
Workers' compensation, retrospective and experience rating
Introduction
hardhat aims to bring workers' compensation calculations into a single Python package by converting the algorithms from the (historical) CAS Exam 8 material into code. We will start with Table M construction (since it's one of the easier papers).
Examples
Table M Construction
fromhardhatimportTableMfromhardhat.utils.utility_functionsimportload_sampledf=load_sample(key='brosius')
table_m=TableM(
data=df, experience='Actual Loss', index="Risk"
)
print(table_m)
ActualLossEntryRatioRisk1200000.22500000.53600000.64700000.75800000.86800000.87900000.981000001.091500001.5103000003.0print(table_m.phi(r=1.2))
0.21000000000000002
Lee Diagram
table_m.lee_diagram().show()
Lee Diagram
Relevant Papers
Brosius, J. Eric, "Table M Construction," CAS Exam Study Note, 2002, pp. 1-14.
Teng, Michael T.S., "Pricing Workers' Compensation Large Deductible and Excess Insurance," Casualty Actuarial Society Forum, Winter 1994, pp. 413-437.
Feldblum, Sholom, "Workers' Compensation Ratemaking," CAS Exam Study Note, 1993.
Fisher, Ginda Kaplan; McTaggart, Lawrence; Petker, Jill; Pettingell, Rebecca, "Individual Risk Rating," CAS Study Note, 2019.
Gillam, William R., "Workers Compensation Experience Rating: What Every Actuary Should Know," PCAS LXXIX, 1992, pp. 215-254.
Meyers, Glenn G., "An Analysis of Retrospective Rating," PCAS LXVII, 1980, pp. 110-143.
Lee, Yoong-Sin, "The Mathematics of Excess of Loss Coverages and Retrospective Rating—A Graphical Approach," PCAS LXXV, 1988, pp. 49-77.
Gillam, William R., "Retrospective Rating: Excess Loss Factors," PCAS LXXVIII, 1991, pp. 1-40.
Cook, Charles F.; Lommele, Jan A.; Retterath, Ronald C., "Reserving Issues for Workers' Compensation," CLRS Transcripts, 1994, pp. 83-130.
Skurnick, David, "The California Table L," PCAS LXI, 1974, pp. 117-140.
Robertson, John P., "NCCI's 2007 Hazard Group Mapping," Variance 3(2), 2009, pp. 194-213.
Venter, Gary G., "Transformed Beta and Gamma Distributions and Aggregate Losses," PCAS LXX, 1983, pp. 156-193.
Experts needed!
If you happen to have experience in workers' compensation (*cough*, ahem), your participation will be greatly
appreciated. This is intended to be a collaborative effort open to the general public.
About
Workers' compensation, retrospective and experience rating
casact.github.io/hardhat/
Resources
Readme
MPL-2.0 license
Activity
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, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
injectUserscript("// Remove or un-stick sticky/fixed headers that block content\n(function() {\n function unstick() {\n document.querySelectorAll('header, nav, [role=\"banner\"], .header, .navbar, .sticky, .fixed-top, [style*=\"position: fixed\"], [style*=\"position:sticky\"]').forEach(function(el) {\n if (el.style.position === 'fixed' || el.style.position === 'sticky' || \n getComputedStyle(el).position === 'fixed' || getComputedStyle(el).position === 'sticky') {\n el.style.position = 'static';\n el.style.top = 'auto';\n el.style.zIndex = 'auto';\n }\n });\n }\n \n unstick();\n \n var observer = new MutationObserver(unstick);\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true, attributes: true, attributeFilter: ['style', 'class'] });\n})();", "Kill Sticky Headers");
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Kill Sticky Headers]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "*";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '

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hardhat
Build Statuscodecov
Workers' compensation, retrospective and experience rating
Introduction
hardhat aims to bring workers' compensation calculations into a single Python package by converting the algorithms from the (historical) CAS Exam 8 material into code. We will start with Table M construction (since it's one of the easier papers).
Examples
Table M Construction
fromhardhatimportTableMfromhardhat.utils.utility_functionsimportload_sampledf=load_sample(key='brosius')
table_m=TableM(
data=df, experience='Actual Loss', index="Risk"
)
print(table_m)
ActualLossEntryRatioRisk1200000.22500000.53600000.64700000.75800000.86800000.87900000.981000001.091500001.5103000003.0print(table_m.phi(r=1.2))
0.21000000000000002
Lee Diagram
table_m.lee_diagram().show()
Lee Diagram
Relevant Papers
Brosius, J. Eric, "Table M Construction," CAS Exam Study Note, 2002, pp. 1-14.
Teng, Michael T.S., "Pricing Workers' Compensation Large Deductible and Excess Insurance," Casualty Actuarial Society Forum, Winter 1994, pp. 413-437.
Feldblum, Sholom, "Workers' Compensation Ratemaking," CAS Exam Study Note, 1993.
Fisher, Ginda Kaplan; McTaggart, Lawrence; Petker, Jill; Pettingell, Rebecca, "Individual Risk Rating," CAS Study Note, 2019.
Gillam, William R., "Workers Compensation Experience Rating: What Every Actuary Should Know," PCAS LXXIX, 1992, pp. 215-254.
Meyers, Glenn G., "An Analysis of Retrospective Rating," PCAS LXVII, 1980, pp. 110-143.
Lee, Yoong-Sin, "The Mathematics of Excess of Loss Coverages and Retrospective Rating—A Graphical Approach," PCAS LXXV, 1988, pp. 49-77.
Gillam, William R., "Retrospective Rating: Excess Loss Factors," PCAS LXXVIII, 1991, pp. 1-40.
Cook, Charles F.; Lommele, Jan A.; Retterath, Ronald C., "Reserving Issues for Workers' Compensation," CLRS Transcripts, 1994, pp. 83-130.
Skurnick, David, "The California Table L," PCAS LXI, 1974, pp. 117-140.
Robertson, John P., "NCCI's 2007 Hazard Group Mapping," Variance 3(2), 2009, pp. 194-213.
Venter, Gary G., "Transformed Beta and Gamma Distributions and Aggregate Losses," PCAS LXX, 1983, pp. 156-193.
Experts needed!
If you happen to have experience in workers' compensation (*cough*, ahem), your participation will be greatly
appreciated. This is intended to be a collaborative effort open to the general public.
About
Workers' compensation, retrospective and experience rating
casact.github.io/hardhat/
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, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
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hardhat
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Workers' compensation, retrospective and experience rating
Introduction
hardhat aims to bring workers' compensation calculations into a single Python package by converting the algorithms from the (historical) CAS Exam 8 material into code. We will start with Table M construction (since it's one of the easier papers).
Examples
Table M Construction
fromhardhatimportTableMfromhardhat.utils.utility_functionsimportload_sampledf=load_sample(key='brosius')
table_m=TableM(
data=df, experience='Actual Loss', index="Risk"
)
print(table_m)
ActualLossEntryRatioRisk1200000.22500000.53600000.64700000.75800000.86800000.87900000.981000001.091500001.5103000003.0print(table_m.phi(r=1.2))
0.21000000000000002
Lee Diagram
table_m.lee_diagram().show()
Lee Diagram
Relevant Papers
Brosius, J. Eric, "Table M Construction," CAS Exam Study Note, 2002, pp. 1-14.
Teng, Michael T.S., "Pricing Workers' Compensation Large Deductible and Excess Insurance," Casualty Actuarial Society Forum, Winter 1994, pp. 413-437.
Feldblum, Sholom, "Workers' Compensation Ratemaking," CAS Exam Study Note, 1993.
Fisher, Ginda Kaplan; McTaggart, Lawrence; Petker, Jill; Pettingell, Rebecca, "Individual Risk Rating," CAS Study Note, 2019.
Gillam, William R., "Workers Compensation Experience Rating: What Every Actuary Should Know," PCAS LXXIX, 1992, pp. 215-254.
Meyers, Glenn G., "An Analysis of Retrospective Rating," PCAS LXVII, 1980, pp. 110-143.
Lee, Yoong-Sin, "The Mathematics of Excess of Loss Coverages and Retrospective Rating—A Graphical Approach," PCAS LXXV, 1988, pp. 49-77.
Gillam, William R., "Retrospective Rating: Excess Loss Factors," PCAS LXXVIII, 1991, pp. 1-40.
Cook, Charles F.; Lommele, Jan A.; Retterath, Ronald C., "Reserving Issues for Workers' Compensation," CLRS Transcripts, 1994, pp. 83-130.
Skurnick, David, "The California Table L," PCAS LXI, 1974, pp. 117-140.
Robertson, John P., "NCCI's 2007 Hazard Group Mapping," Variance 3(2), 2009, pp. 194-213.
Venter, Gary G., "Transformed Beta and Gamma Distributions and Aggregate Losses," PCAS LXX, 1983, pp. 156-193.
Experts needed!
If you happen to have experience in workers' compensation (*cough*, ahem), your participation will be greatly
appreciated. This is intended to be a collaborative effort open to the general public.
About
Workers' compensation, retrospective and experience rating
casact.github.io/hardhat/
Resources
Readme
MPL-2.0 license
Activity
Custom properties
Stars
0 stars
Watchers
0 watching
Forks
0 forks
Report repository
Releases
Packages
Contributors
Languages