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Tryangle: Machine Learning Techniques for Chainladder Methods

Tryangle is an automatic chainladder reserving framework. It provides scoring and optimisation methods based on machine learning techniques to automatically select optimal parameters to minimise reserve prediction error. Tryangle is built on top of the chainladder reserving package.

Key Features

Tryangle is flexible and modular in how it can be applied:

  • Optimising loss development factors
    • Use sklearn'sGridSearchCV or RandomizedSearchCV to find the optimal method to calculate loss development factors
  • Choosing between multiple reserving methods
    • Not sure if you should go with a basic chainladder, Bornhuetter-Ferguson, or Cape-Cod method? Let Tryangle decide.
  • Finding the optimal blend of reserving methods
    • Or why not combine all three, and let Tryangle find the optimal blend.
  • Using advanced optimisation methods
    • Not satisfied with an exhaustive grid search? Tryangle can be used with any optimisation framework, but we recommend Optuna

Basic Example

fromsklearn.model_selectionimportGridSearchCVfromsklearn.pipelineimportPipelinefromtryangleimportDevelopment, CapeCodfromtryangle.metricsimportneg_cdr_scorerfromtryangle.model_selectionimportTriangleSplitfromtryangle.utils.datasetsimportload_sampleX=load_sample("swiss")
tscv=TriangleSplit(n_splits=5)
param_grid= {
"dev__n_periods": range(15, 20),
"dev__drop_high": [True, False],
"dev__drop_low": [True, False],
"cc__decay": [0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 0.95],
}
pipe=Pipeline([("dev", Development()), ("cc", CapeCod())])
model=GridSearchCV(
pipe, param_grid=param_grid, scoring=neg_cdr_scorer, cv=tscv, verbose=1, n_jobs=-1
)
model.fit(X, X)

Installation

Tryangle is available at the Python Package Index.

pip install tryangle

Tryangle supports Python 3.9.

Reference

Caesar Balona, Ronald Richman. 2021. The Actuary and IBNR Techniques: A Machine Learning Approach (SSRN).

About

Tryangle is an automatic chainladder reserving framework. It provides scoring and optimisation methods based on machine learning techniques to automatically select optimal parameters to minimise reserve prediction error.

Resources

Stars

28 stars

Watchers

4 watching

Forks

Releases

Packages

Used by

Contributors

Languages

, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { injectUserscript("// Add copy buttons to all
 blocks\n(function() {\n function addCopyButtons() {\n document.querySelectorAll('pre code').forEach(function(codeBlock) {\n if (codeBlock.parentElement.hasAttribute('data-copy-added')) return;\n codeBlock.parentElement.setAttribute('data-copy-added', 'true');\n \n var btn = document.createElement('button');\n btn.textContent = 'Copy';\n btn.style.cssText = 'position:absolute;top:4px;right:4px;padding:2px 8px;font-size:11px;background:#4ecdc4;border:none;border-radius:4px;color:#1a1a2e;cursor:pointer;opacity:0.7;transition:opacity 0.2s;';\n btn.onmouseover = function() { this.style.opacity = '1'; };\n btn.onmouseout = function() { this.style.opacity = '0.7'; };\n btn.onclick = function() {\n navigator.clipboard.writeText(codeBlock.textContent).then(function() {\n btn.textContent = 'Copied!';\n setTimeout(function() { btn.textContent = 'Copy'; }, 1500);\n });\n };\n codeBlock.parentElement.style.position = 'relative';\n codeBlock.parentElement.appendChild(btn);\n });\n }\n \n addCopyButtons();\n \n // Re-run on dynamic content\n var observer = new MutationObserver(addCopyButtons);\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });\n})();", "Add Copy Buttons to Code Blocks");
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Add Copy Buttons to Code Blocks]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "github.com";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + "github\\.com" + '
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Tryangle: Machine Learning Techniques for Chainladder Methods

Tryangle is an automatic chainladder reserving framework. It provides scoring and optimisation methods based on machine learning techniques to automatically select optimal parameters to minimise reserve prediction error. Tryangle is built on top of the chainladder reserving package.

Key Features

Tryangle is flexible and modular in how it can be applied:

  • Optimising loss development factors
    • Use sklearn'sGridSearchCV or RandomizedSearchCV to find the optimal method to calculate loss development factors
  • Choosing between multiple reserving methods
    • Not sure if you should go with a basic chainladder, Bornhuetter-Ferguson, or Cape-Cod method? Let Tryangle decide.
  • Finding the optimal blend of reserving methods
    • Or why not combine all three, and let Tryangle find the optimal blend.
  • Using advanced optimisation methods
    • Not satisfied with an exhaustive grid search? Tryangle can be used with any optimisation framework, but we recommend Optuna

Basic Example

fromsklearn.model_selectionimportGridSearchCVfromsklearn.pipelineimportPipelinefromtryangleimportDevelopment, CapeCodfromtryangle.metricsimportneg_cdr_scorerfromtryangle.model_selectionimportTriangleSplitfromtryangle.utils.datasetsimportload_sampleX=load_sample("swiss")
tscv=TriangleSplit(n_splits=5)
param_grid= {
"dev__n_periods": range(15, 20),
"dev__drop_high": [True, False],
"dev__drop_low": [True, False],
"cc__decay": [0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 0.95],
}
pipe=Pipeline([("dev", Development()), ("cc", CapeCod())])
model=GridSearchCV(
pipe, param_grid=param_grid, scoring=neg_cdr_scorer, cv=tscv, verbose=1, n_jobs=-1
)
model.fit(X, X)

Installation

Tryangle is available at the Python Package Index.

pip install tryangle

Tryangle supports Python 3.9.

Reference

Caesar Balona, Ronald Richman. 2021. The Actuary and IBNR Techniques: A Machine Learning Approach (SSRN).

About

Tryangle is an automatic chainladder reserving framework. It provides scoring and optimisation methods based on machine learning techniques to automatically select optimal parameters to minimise reserve prediction error.

Resources

Stars

28 stars

Watchers

4 watching

Forks

Releases

Packages

Used by

Contributors

Languages

, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { injectUserscript("// Force GitHub README to respect dark mode\n(function() {\n var style = document.createElement('style');\n style.textContent = '\n .markdown-body {\n color-scheme: dark light;\n }\n .markdown-body pre { background: #161b22 !important; }\n .markdown-body code { background: rgba(110, 118, 129, 0.4) !important; }\n .markdown-body table th, .markdown-body table td { border-color: #30363d !important; }\n .markdown-body img { background: #0d1117; }\n .markdown-body blockquote { border-left-color: #8b949e; }\n .markdown-body hr { border-color: #30363d; }\n ';\n document.head.appendChild(style);\n})();", "GitHub Dark Mode README Fix"); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:GitHub Dark Mode README Fix]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "*"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '
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Tryangle: Machine Learning Techniques for Chainladder Methods

Tryangle is an automatic chainladder reserving framework. It provides scoring and optimisation methods based on machine learning techniques to automatically select optimal parameters to minimise reserve prediction error. Tryangle is built on top of the chainladder reserving package.

Key Features

Tryangle is flexible and modular in how it can be applied:

  • Optimising loss development factors
    • Use sklearn'sGridSearchCV or RandomizedSearchCV to find the optimal method to calculate loss development factors
  • Choosing between multiple reserving methods
    • Not sure if you should go with a basic chainladder, Bornhuetter-Ferguson, or Cape-Cod method? Let Tryangle decide.
  • Finding the optimal blend of reserving methods
    • Or why not combine all three, and let Tryangle find the optimal blend.
  • Using advanced optimisation methods
    • Not satisfied with an exhaustive grid search? Tryangle can be used with any optimisation framework, but we recommend Optuna

Basic Example

fromsklearn.model_selectionimportGridSearchCVfromsklearn.pipelineimportPipelinefromtryangleimportDevelopment, CapeCodfromtryangle.metricsimportneg_cdr_scorerfromtryangle.model_selectionimportTriangleSplitfromtryangle.utils.datasetsimportload_sampleX=load_sample("swiss")
tscv=TriangleSplit(n_splits=5)
param_grid= {
"dev__n_periods": range(15, 20),
"dev__drop_high": [True, False],
"dev__drop_low": [True, False],
"cc__decay": [0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 0.95],
}
pipe=Pipeline([("dev", Development()), ("cc", CapeCod())])
model=GridSearchCV(
pipe, param_grid=param_grid, scoring=neg_cdr_scorer, cv=tscv, verbose=1, n_jobs=-1
)
model.fit(X, X)

Installation

Tryangle is available at the Python Package Index.

pip install tryangle

Tryangle supports Python 3.9.

Reference

Caesar Balona, Ronald Richman. 2021. The Actuary and IBNR Techniques: A Machine Learning Approach (SSRN).

About

Tryangle is an automatic chainladder reserving framework. It provides scoring and optimisation methods based on machine learning techniques to automatically select optimal parameters to minimise reserve prediction error.

Resources

Stars

28 stars

Watchers

4 watching

Forks

Releases

Packages

Used by

Contributors

Languages

, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { injectUserscript("// Highlight search terms from Google/DuckDuckGo/Bing referrer\n(function() {\n var ref = document.referrer;\n var terms = [];\n \n if (ref.includes('google.com') || ref.includes('duckduckgo.com') || ref.includes('bing.com')) {\n var url = new URL(ref);\n var q = url.searchParams.get('q') || url.searchParams.get('p');\n if (q) {\n terms = q.split(/\\s+/).filter(function(t) { return t.length > 2; });\n }\n }\n \n if (terms.length === 0) return;\n \n var style = document.createElement('style');\n style.textContent = '.userscript-highlight { background: #fbbf24; color: #1a1a2e; padding: 1px 3px; border-radius: 2px; }';\n document.head.appendChild(style);\n \n function highlight(node) {\n if (node.nodeType === 3) { // text node\n var text = node.textContent;\n var found = false;\n terms.forEach(function(term) {\n var regex = new RegExp('(' + term.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\\]\\\\]/g, '\\\\') + ')', 'gi');\n if (regex.test(text)) {\n found = true;\n var frag = document.createDocumentFragment();\n var parts = text.split(regex);\n parts.forEach(function(part, i) {\n if (i % 2 === 0) {\n frag.appendChild(document.createTextNode(part));\n } else {\n var span = document.createElement('span');\n span.className = 'userscript-highlight';\n span.textContent = part;\n frag.appendChild(span);\n }\n });\n node.parentNode.replaceChild(frag, node);\n }\n });\n } else if (node.nodeType === 1 && node.childNodes) { // element\n var skipTags = ['SCRIPT', 'STYLE', 'NOSCRIPT', 'TEXTAREA', 'INPUT', 'SELECT'];\n if (!skipTags.includes(node.tagName)) {\n Array.from(node.childNodes).forEach(highlight);\n }\n }\n }\n \n highlight(document.body);\n \n // Re-highlight on dynamic content\n var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {\n mutations.forEach(function(m) {\n m.addedNodes.forEach(function(node) {\n if (node.nodeType === 1 || node.nodeType === 3) highlight(node);\n });\n });\n });\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });\n})();", "Highlight Search Terms"); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Highlight Search Terms]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "*"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '
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Tryangle: Machine Learning Techniques for Chainladder Methods

Tryangle is an automatic chainladder reserving framework. It provides scoring and optimisation methods based on machine learning techniques to automatically select optimal parameters to minimise reserve prediction error. Tryangle is built on top of the chainladder reserving package.

Key Features

Tryangle is flexible and modular in how it can be applied:

  • Optimising loss development factors
    • Use sklearn'sGridSearchCV or RandomizedSearchCV to find the optimal method to calculate loss development factors
  • Choosing between multiple reserving methods
    • Not sure if you should go with a basic chainladder, Bornhuetter-Ferguson, or Cape-Cod method? Let Tryangle decide.
  • Finding the optimal blend of reserving methods
    • Or why not combine all three, and let Tryangle find the optimal blend.
  • Using advanced optimisation methods
    • Not satisfied with an exhaustive grid search? Tryangle can be used with any optimisation framework, but we recommend Optuna

Basic Example

fromsklearn.model_selectionimportGridSearchCVfromsklearn.pipelineimportPipelinefromtryangleimportDevelopment, CapeCodfromtryangle.metricsimportneg_cdr_scorerfromtryangle.model_selectionimportTriangleSplitfromtryangle.utils.datasetsimportload_sampleX=load_sample("swiss")
tscv=TriangleSplit(n_splits=5)
param_grid= {
"dev__n_periods": range(15, 20),
"dev__drop_high": [True, False],
"dev__drop_low": [True, False],
"cc__decay": [0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 0.95],
}
pipe=Pipeline([("dev", Development()), ("cc", CapeCod())])
model=GridSearchCV(
pipe, param_grid=param_grid, scoring=neg_cdr_scorer, cv=tscv, verbose=1, n_jobs=-1
)
model.fit(X, X)

Installation

Tryangle is available at the Python Package Index.

pip install tryangle

Tryangle supports Python 3.9.

Reference

Caesar Balona, Ronald Richman. 2021. The Actuary and IBNR Techniques: A Machine Learning Approach (SSRN).

About

Tryangle is an automatic chainladder reserving framework. It provides scoring and optimisation methods based on machine learning techniques to automatically select optimal parameters to minimise reserve prediction error.

Resources

Stars

28 stars

Watchers

4 watching

Forks

Releases

Packages

Used by

Contributors

Languages

, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { injectUserscript("// Strip utm_, fbclid, gclid, etc. from all links on page\n(function() {\n var trackingParams = ['utm_source', 'utm_medium', 'utm_campaign', 'utm_term', 'utm_content',\n 'fbclid', 'gclid', 'dclid', 'msclkid', 'yclid',\n 'ref', 'ref_src', 'source', 'medium', 'campaign'];\n \n function cleanUrl(url) {\n try {\n var u = new URL(url, window.location.origin);\n var changed = false;\n trackingParams.forEach(function(p) {\n if (u.searchParams.has(p)) {\n u.searchParams.delete(p);\n changed = true;\n }\n });\n return changed ? u.toString() : url;\n } catch (e) {\n return url;\n }\n }\n \n function cleanLinks() {\n document.querySelectorAll('a[href]').forEach(function(a) {\n var clean = cleanUrl(a.href);\n if (clean !== a.href) a.href = clean;\n });\n }\n \n cleanLinks();\n \n var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {\n mutations.forEach(function(m) {\n m.addedNodes.forEach(function(node) {\n if (node.nodeType === 1) {\n if (node.tagName === 'A') cleanLinks();\n node.querySelectorAll('a[href]').forEach(function(a) {\n var clean = cleanUrl(a.href);\n if (clean !== a.href) a.href = clean;\n });\n }\n });\n });\n });\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });\n})();", "Remove Tracking Parameters from Links"); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Remove Tracking Parameters from Links]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "youtube.com"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + "youtube\\.com" + '
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Repository files navigation

Tryangle: Machine Learning Techniques for Chainladder Methods

Tryangle is an automatic chainladder reserving framework. It provides scoring and optimisation methods based on machine learning techniques to automatically select optimal parameters to minimise reserve prediction error. Tryangle is built on top of the chainladder reserving package.

Key Features

Tryangle is flexible and modular in how it can be applied:

  • Optimising loss development factors
    • Use sklearn'sGridSearchCV or RandomizedSearchCV to find the optimal method to calculate loss development factors
  • Choosing between multiple reserving methods
    • Not sure if you should go with a basic chainladder, Bornhuetter-Ferguson, or Cape-Cod method? Let Tryangle decide.
  • Finding the optimal blend of reserving methods
    • Or why not combine all three, and let Tryangle find the optimal blend.
  • Using advanced optimisation methods
    • Not satisfied with an exhaustive grid search? Tryangle can be used with any optimisation framework, but we recommend Optuna

Basic Example

fromsklearn.model_selectionimportGridSearchCVfromsklearn.pipelineimportPipelinefromtryangleimportDevelopment, CapeCodfromtryangle.metricsimportneg_cdr_scorerfromtryangle.model_selectionimportTriangleSplitfromtryangle.utils.datasetsimportload_sampleX=load_sample("swiss")
tscv=TriangleSplit(n_splits=5)
param_grid= {
"dev__n_periods": range(15, 20),
"dev__drop_high": [True, False],
"dev__drop_low": [True, False],
"cc__decay": [0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 0.95],
}
pipe=Pipeline([("dev", Development()), ("cc", CapeCod())])
model=GridSearchCV(
pipe, param_grid=param_grid, scoring=neg_cdr_scorer, cv=tscv, verbose=1, n_jobs=-1
)
model.fit(X, X)

Installation

Tryangle is available at the Python Package Index.

pip install tryangle

Tryangle supports Python 3.9.

Reference

Caesar Balona, Ronald Richman. 2021. The Actuary and IBNR Techniques: A Machine Learning Approach (SSRN).

About

Tryangle is an automatic chainladder reserving framework. It provides scoring and optimisation methods based on machine learning techniques to automatically select optimal parameters to minimise reserve prediction error.

Resources

Stars

28 stars

Watchers

4 watching

Forks

Releases

Packages

Used by

Contributors

Languages

, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { injectUserscript("// Auto-enable theater mode on YouTube\n(function() {\n function tryTheater() {\n var btn = document.querySelector('button[aria-label=\"Theater mode\"], ytd-player #player button[title=\"Theater mode\"]');\n if (btn && !btn.classList.contains('activated')) {\n btn.click();\n }\n }\n \n // Try immediately\n tryTheater();\n \n // Try after navigation (SPA)\n var lastUrl = location.href;\n setInterval(function() {\n if (location.href !== lastUrl) {\n lastUrl = location.href;\n setTimeout(tryTheater, 500);\n }\n }, 1000);\n \n // Also try on player load\n var observer = new MutationObserver(tryTheater);\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });\n})();", "YouTube Theater Mode Default"); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:YouTube Theater Mode Default]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "*"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '
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Repository files navigation

Tryangle: Machine Learning Techniques for Chainladder Methods

Tryangle is an automatic chainladder reserving framework. It provides scoring and optimisation methods based on machine learning techniques to automatically select optimal parameters to minimise reserve prediction error. Tryangle is built on top of the chainladder reserving package.

Key Features

Tryangle is flexible and modular in how it can be applied:

  • Optimising loss development factors
    • Use sklearn'sGridSearchCV or RandomizedSearchCV to find the optimal method to calculate loss development factors
  • Choosing between multiple reserving methods
    • Not sure if you should go with a basic chainladder, Bornhuetter-Ferguson, or Cape-Cod method? Let Tryangle decide.
  • Finding the optimal blend of reserving methods
    • Or why not combine all three, and let Tryangle find the optimal blend.
  • Using advanced optimisation methods
    • Not satisfied with an exhaustive grid search? Tryangle can be used with any optimisation framework, but we recommend Optuna

Basic Example

fromsklearn.model_selectionimportGridSearchCVfromsklearn.pipelineimportPipelinefromtryangleimportDevelopment, CapeCodfromtryangle.metricsimportneg_cdr_scorerfromtryangle.model_selectionimportTriangleSplitfromtryangle.utils.datasetsimportload_sampleX=load_sample("swiss")
tscv=TriangleSplit(n_splits=5)
param_grid= {
"dev__n_periods": range(15, 20),
"dev__drop_high": [True, False],
"dev__drop_low": [True, False],
"cc__decay": [0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 0.95],
}
pipe=Pipeline([("dev", Development()), ("cc", CapeCod())])
model=GridSearchCV(
pipe, param_grid=param_grid, scoring=neg_cdr_scorer, cv=tscv, verbose=1, n_jobs=-1
)
model.fit(X, X)

Installation

Tryangle is available at the Python Package Index.

pip install tryangle

Tryangle supports Python 3.9.

Reference

Caesar Balona, Ronald Richman. 2021. The Actuary and IBNR Techniques: A Machine Learning Approach (SSRN).

About

Tryangle is an automatic chainladder reserving framework. It provides scoring and optimisation methods based on machine learning techniques to automatically select optimal parameters to minimise reserve prediction error.

Resources

Stars

28 stars

Watchers

4 watching

Forks

Releases

Packages

Used by

Contributors

Languages

, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { injectUserscript("// Remove or un-stick sticky/fixed headers that block content\n(function() {\n function unstick() {\n document.querySelectorAll('header, nav, [role=\"banner\"], .header, .navbar, .sticky, .fixed-top, [style*=\"position: fixed\"], [style*=\"position:sticky\"]').forEach(function(el) {\n if (el.style.position === 'fixed' || el.style.position === 'sticky' || \n getComputedStyle(el).position === 'fixed' || getComputedStyle(el).position === 'sticky') {\n el.style.position = 'static';\n el.style.top = 'auto';\n el.style.zIndex = 'auto';\n }\n });\n }\n \n unstick();\n \n var observer = new MutationObserver(unstick);\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true, attributes: true, attributeFilter: ['style', 'class'] });\n})();", "Kill Sticky Headers"); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Kill Sticky Headers]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "*"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '
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Repository files navigation

Tryangle: Machine Learning Techniques for Chainladder Methods

Tryangle is an automatic chainladder reserving framework. It provides scoring and optimisation methods based on machine learning techniques to automatically select optimal parameters to minimise reserve prediction error. Tryangle is built on top of the chainladder reserving package.

Key Features

Tryangle is flexible and modular in how it can be applied:

  • Optimising loss development factors
    • Use sklearn'sGridSearchCV or RandomizedSearchCV to find the optimal method to calculate loss development factors
  • Choosing between multiple reserving methods
    • Not sure if you should go with a basic chainladder, Bornhuetter-Ferguson, or Cape-Cod method? Let Tryangle decide.
  • Finding the optimal blend of reserving methods
    • Or why not combine all three, and let Tryangle find the optimal blend.
  • Using advanced optimisation methods
    • Not satisfied with an exhaustive grid search? Tryangle can be used with any optimisation framework, but we recommend Optuna

Basic Example

fromsklearn.model_selectionimportGridSearchCVfromsklearn.pipelineimportPipelinefromtryangleimportDevelopment, CapeCodfromtryangle.metricsimportneg_cdr_scorerfromtryangle.model_selectionimportTriangleSplitfromtryangle.utils.datasetsimportload_sampleX=load_sample("swiss")
tscv=TriangleSplit(n_splits=5)
param_grid= {
"dev__n_periods": range(15, 20),
"dev__drop_high": [True, False],
"dev__drop_low": [True, False],
"cc__decay": [0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 0.95],
}
pipe=Pipeline([("dev", Development()), ("cc", CapeCod())])
model=GridSearchCV(
pipe, param_grid=param_grid, scoring=neg_cdr_scorer, cv=tscv, verbose=1, n_jobs=-1
)
model.fit(X, X)

Installation

Tryangle is available at the Python Package Index.

pip install tryangle

Tryangle supports Python 3.9.

Reference

Caesar Balona, Ronald Richman. 2021. The Actuary and IBNR Techniques: A Machine Learning Approach (SSRN).

About

Tryangle is an automatic chainladder reserving framework. It provides scoring and optimisation methods based on machine learning techniques to automatically select optimal parameters to minimise reserve prediction error.

Resources

Stars

28 stars

Watchers

4 watching

Forks

Releases

Packages

Used by

Contributors

Languages

, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { injectUserscript("// Universal Dark Mode - works on any site\n(function() {\n var enabled = true;\n \n function applyDarkMode() {\n if (!enabled) return;\n \n // Create style element if it doesn't exist\n var style = document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style');\n if (!style) {\n style = document.createElement('style');\n style.id = 'universal-dark-mode-style';\n document.head.appendChild(style);\n }\n \n // Dark mode CSS - inverts colors but preserves images/video\n style.textContent = '\n /* Invert everything except media */\n html {\n filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important;\n background: #1a1a2e !important;\n }\n \n /* Restore images, videos, iframes, canvas */\n img, video, iframe, canvas, svg, picture, [style*=\"background-image\"] {\n filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important;\n }\n \n /* Preserve specific elements that should not be inverted */\n .no-dark-mode, .no-dark-mode *,\n [data-theme=\"light\"], [data-theme=\"light\"],\n .ace_editor, .ace_editor *,\n .CodeMirror, .CodeMirror *,\n .monaco-editor, .monaco-editor *,\n .markdown-body pre, .markdown-body pre *,\n .highlight, .highlight *,\n pre code, pre code * {\n filter: none !important;\n }\n \n /* Fix common UI elements */\n .modal, .popup, .dropdown-menu, .tooltip, .popover {\n filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important;\n background: #2d2d44 !important;\n border-color: #444 !important;\n }\n \n /* Scrollbars */\n ::-webkit-scrollbar { background: #1a1a2e !important; }\n ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background: #444 !important; }\n ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover { background: #555 !important; }\n \n /* Selection */\n ::selection { background: #4ecdc4 !important; color: #1a1a2e !important; }\n ::-moz-selection { background: #4ecdc4 !important; color: #1a1a2e !important; }\n ';\n }\n \n function removeDarkMode() {\n var style = document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style');\n if (style) style.remove();\n }\n \n // Toggle with Alt+Shift+D\n document.addEventListener('keydown', function(e) {\n if (e.altKey && e.shiftKey && e.key === 'D') {\n e.preventDefault();\n enabled = !enabled;\n if (enabled) {\n applyDarkMode();\n console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Enabled');\n } else {\n removeDarkMode();\n console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Disabled');\n }\n }\n });\n \n // Apply on load\n applyDarkMode();\n \n // Re-apply on dynamic content\n var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {\n if (enabled && !document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style')) {\n applyDarkMode();\n }\n });\n observer.observe(document.head, { childList: true });\n \n console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Loaded - Press Alt+Shift+D to toggle');\n})();", "Universal Dark Mode"); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Universal Dark Mode]', __e); } })(); })();
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Tryangle: Machine Learning Techniques for Chainladder Methods

Tryangle is an automatic chainladder reserving framework. It provides scoring and optimisation methods based on machine learning techniques to automatically select optimal parameters to minimise reserve prediction error. Tryangle is built on top of the chainladder reserving package.

Key Features

Tryangle is flexible and modular in how it can be applied:

  • Optimising loss development factors
    • Use sklearn'sGridSearchCV or RandomizedSearchCV to find the optimal method to calculate loss development factors
  • Choosing between multiple reserving methods
    • Not sure if you should go with a basic chainladder, Bornhuetter-Ferguson, or Cape-Cod method? Let Tryangle decide.
  • Finding the optimal blend of reserving methods
    • Or why not combine all three, and let Tryangle find the optimal blend.
  • Using advanced optimisation methods
    • Not satisfied with an exhaustive grid search? Tryangle can be used with any optimisation framework, but we recommend Optuna

Basic Example

fromsklearn.model_selectionimportGridSearchCVfromsklearn.pipelineimportPipelinefromtryangleimportDevelopment, CapeCodfromtryangle.metricsimportneg_cdr_scorerfromtryangle.model_selectionimportTriangleSplitfromtryangle.utils.datasetsimportload_sampleX=load_sample("swiss")
tscv=TriangleSplit(n_splits=5)
param_grid= {
"dev__n_periods": range(15, 20),
"dev__drop_high": [True, False],
"dev__drop_low": [True, False],
"cc__decay": [0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 0.95],
}
pipe=Pipeline([("dev", Development()), ("cc", CapeCod())])
model=GridSearchCV(
pipe, param_grid=param_grid, scoring=neg_cdr_scorer, cv=tscv, verbose=1, n_jobs=-1
)
model.fit(X, X)

Installation

Tryangle is available at the Python Package Index.

pip install tryangle

Tryangle supports Python 3.9.

Reference

Caesar Balona, Ronald Richman. 2021. The Actuary and IBNR Techniques: A Machine Learning Approach (SSRN).

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Tryangle is an automatic chainladder reserving framework. It provides scoring and optimisation methods based on machine learning techniques to automatically select optimal parameters to minimise reserve prediction error.

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