fix(astro,tanstack-react-start): Fix XSS via user-controlled JSON - #9166

Merged
dominic-clerk merged 2 commits into
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dc-initial-state-xss
Jul 16, 2026
Merged

fix(astro,tanstack-react-start): Fix XSS via user-controlled JSON#9166
dominic-clerk merged 2 commits into
mainfrom
dc-initial-state-xss

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@dominic-clerkdominic-clerk commented Jul 15, 2026

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Description

The JSON injected in the page may contain user-controlled data in certain circumstances. This PR introduces a helper that ensures the JSON cannot be broken out of to cause XSS.

Fixes SDK-57
Fixes SDK-58

Checklist

  • pnpm test runs as expected.
  • pnpm build runs as expected.
  • (If applicable) JSDoc comments have been added or updated for any package exports
  • (If applicable) Documentation has been updated

Type of change

  • 🐛 Bug fix
  • 🌟 New feature
  • 🔨 Breaking change
  • 📖 Refactoring / dependency upgrade / documentation
  • other:

Summary by CodeRabbit

  • Security

    • Strengthened server-rendered embedding of authentication state by safely escaping HTML-breaking characters and Unicode line terminators to help prevent script breakouts and stored XSS scenarios.
    • Ensures the serialized payload remains valid and accurately round-trips back to the original values on the client.
  • Bug Fixes

    • Fixed potential stored XSS issues affecting Astro and TanStack React Start authentication state serialization.
  • Tests

    • Added coverage for the HTML-safe JSON serialization behavior, including edge cases and round-tripping.

The JSON injected in the page may contain user-controlled data in
certain circumstances. This PR introduces a helper that ensures the JSON
cannot be broken out of to cause XSS.
@changeset-bot

changeset-botBot commented Jul 15, 2026

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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 7f76f3b

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 23 packages
NameType
@clerk/tanstack-react-startPatch
@clerk/sharedPatch
@clerk/astroPatch
@clerk/backendPatch
@clerk/chrome-extensionPatch
@clerk/clerk-jsPatch
@clerk/electronPatch
@clerk/expo-passkeysPatch
@clerk/expoPatch
@clerk/expressPatch
@clerk/fastifyPatch
@clerk/headlessPatch
@clerk/honoPatch
@clerk/localizationsPatch
@clerk/mswPatch
@clerk/nextjsPatch
@clerk/nuxtPatch
@clerk/react-routerPatch
@clerk/reactPatch
@clerk/testingPatch
@clerk/uiPatch
@clerk/vuePatch
@clerk/swingsetPatch

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Review Change Stack

No actionable comments were generated in the recent review. 🎉

ℹ️ Recent review info
⚙️ Run configuration

Configuration used: Repository YAML (base), Repository UI (inherited)

Review profile: CHILL

Plan: Pro Plus

Run ID: 8c86f708-7519-4a26-a039-399430979db9

📥 Commits

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between d655a74 and 7f76f3b.

📒 Files selected for processing (1)
  • packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts
🚧 Files skipped from review as they are similar to previous changes (1)
  • packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts

📝 Walkthrough

Walkthrough

Clerk adds htmlSafeJson to escape HTML-sensitive characters during SSR JSON serialization. Astro and TanStack React Start use it for inline script state, with tests covering breakout sequences, Unicode separators, round-tripping, and undefined values.

Changes

SSR script serialization

Layer / File(s)Summary
HTML-safe JSON helper and validation
packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts, packages/shared/src/__tests__/htmlSafeJson.spec.ts
Adds escaping for <, >, /, U+2028, and U+2029, with tests confirming safe output and JSON round-tripping.
SSR script embedding integrations
packages/astro/src/server/clerk-middleware.ts, packages/tanstack-react-start/src/client/ClerkProvider.tsx, .changeset/open-buckets-bake.md
Uses htmlSafeJson for Astro auth/environment scripts and TanStack initial state, and records patch releases for affected packages.

Estimated code review effort: 3 (Moderate) | ~20 minutes

Poem

A rabbit hops through JSON bright,
Escaping chevrons left and right.
No script-tag tricks can make it flee,
The state still parses faithfully.
Patch notes rustle—safe and sweet!

🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 5
✅ Passed checks (5 passed)
Check nameStatusExplanation
Description Check✅ PassedCheck skipped - CodeRabbit’s high-level summary is enabled.
Title check✅ PassedThe title accurately reflects the XSS fix affecting Astro and TanStack React Start.
Docstring Coverage✅ PassedNo functions found in the changed files to evaluate docstring coverage. Skipping docstring coverage check.
Linked Issues check✅ PassedCheck skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Out of Scope Changes check✅ PassedCheck skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
✨ Finishing Touches
📝 Generate docstrings
  • Create stacked PR
  • Commit on current branch

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🧹 Nitpick comments (2)
packages/shared/src/__tests__/htmlSafeJson.spec.ts (1)

5-37: 📐 Maintainability & Code Quality | 🔵 Trivial | 🏗️ Heavy lift

Add or confirm integration coverage for the SSR script boundaries.

These tests validate htmlSafeJson, but not the generated Astro <script> markup or TanStack ScriptOnce output. Add focused integration tests with </script> and U+2028/U+2029 payloads, or confirm equivalent tests already exist, so either integration cannot regress to raw JSON.stringify.

As per coding guidelines, new functionality should include integration coverage and edge-case verification.

🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against current code. Fix only still-valid issues, skip the
rest with a brief reason, keep changes minimal, and validate.
In `@packages/shared/src/__tests__/htmlSafeJson.spec.ts` around lines 5 - 37, Add
integration coverage for the SSR script-rendering paths that consume
htmlSafeJson, including Astro-generated script markup and TanStack ScriptOnce
output. Use payloads containing </script> and U+2028/U+2029, assert the rendered
markup remains safely escaped rather than raw JSON.stringify output, and verify
the payload still round-trips when parsed.

Source: Coding guidelines

packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts (1)

5-13: 📐 Maintainability & Code Quality | 🔵 Trivial | ⚡ Quick win

Complete the public API JSDoc.

This exported, cross-package helper is missing the required @param, @returns, @throws, and @example tags. Document the "undefined" result and serialization errors; the Docs team should also review the generated reference documentation.

As per coding guidelines, public APIs require complete JSDoc tags. As per path instructions, exported reference-facing APIs may appear in generated Clerk Docs.

Suggested documentation addition
 /**
* `JSON.stringify` that is safe to embed directly inside an HTML `<script>` element.
+ *+ * `@param` value - The value to serialize.+ * `@returns` HTML-safe JSON, or `"undefined"` when serialization produces no value.+ * `@throws` {TypeError} If the value cannot be serialized.+ * `@example`+ * JSON.parse(htmlSafeJson({ html: '</script>' }));
*/
🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against current code. Fix only still-valid issues, skip the
rest with a brief reason, keep changes minimal, and validate.
In `@packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts` around lines 5 - 13, Complete the JSDoc
for the exported htmlSafeJson function with `@param`, `@returns`, `@throws`, and
`@example` tags. Document that undefined produces the string "undefined" and that
serialization errors may be thrown, and include a representative safe-HTML
serialization example without changing the implementation.

Sources: Coding guidelines, Path instructions

🤖 Prompt for all review comments with AI agents
Verify each finding against current code. Fix only still-valid issues, skip the
rest with a brief reason, keep changes minimal, and validate.
Nitpick comments:
In `@packages/shared/src/__tests__/htmlSafeJson.spec.ts`:
- Around line 5-37: Add integration coverage for the SSR script-rendering paths
that consume htmlSafeJson, including Astro-generated script markup and TanStack
ScriptOnce output. Use payloads containing </script> and U+2028/U+2029, assert
the rendered markup remains safely escaped rather than raw JSON.stringify
output, and verify the payload still round-trips when parsed.
In `@packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts`:
- Around line 5-13: Complete the JSDoc for the exported htmlSafeJson function
with `@param`, `@returns`, `@throws`, and `@example` tags. Document that undefined
produces the string "undefined" and that serialization errors may be thrown, and
include a representative safe-HTML serialization example without changing the
implementation.

ℹ️ Review info
⚙️ Run configuration

Configuration used: Repository YAML (base), Repository UI (inherited)

Review profile: CHILL

Plan: Pro Plus

Run ID: d69a6635-cccd-4bb5-b0c2-db08ff477183

📥 Commits

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between 99ac79f and d655a74.

📒 Files selected for processing (5)
  • .changeset/open-buckets-bake.md
  • packages/astro/src/server/clerk-middleware.ts
  • packages/shared/src/__tests__/htmlSafeJson.spec.ts
  • packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts
  • packages/tanstack-react-start/src/client/ClerkProvider.tsx

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github-actionsBot commented Jul 15, 2026

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API Changes Report

Generated by Break Check on 2026-07-15T11:58:40.294Z

Summary

MetricCount
Packages analyzed19
Packages with changes1
🔴 Breaking changes0
🟡 Non-breaking changes0
🟢 Additions1

@clerk/shared

Current version: 4.25.3
Recommended bump: MINOR → 4.26.0

Subpath ./htmlSafeJson

🟢 Additions (1)

Added: ./htmlSafeJson

New subpath export ./htmlSafeJson (1 exported member)


Report generated by Break Check

Last ran on 7f76f3b.

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@clerk/tanstack-react-start

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commit: 7f76f3b

@dominic-clerk
dominic-clerk enabled auto-merge (squash) July 16, 2026 12:31
@dominic-clerk
dominic-clerk merged commit bcbdda6 into mainJul 16, 2026
116 of 119 checks passed
@dominic-clerk
dominic-clerk deleted the dc-initial-state-xss branch July 16, 2026 12:35
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@dominic-clerk@alexcarpenter@wobsoriano
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function addCopyButtons() {
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if (codeBlock.parentElement.hasAttribute('data-copy-added')) return;
codeBlock.parentElement.setAttribute('data-copy-added', 'true');
var btn = document.createElement('button');
btn.textContent = 'Copy';
btn.style.cssText = 'position:absolute;top:4px;right:4px;padding:2px 8px;font-size:11px;background:#4ecdc4;border:none;border-radius:4px;color:#1a1a2e;cursor:pointer;opacity:0.7;transition:opacity 0.2s;';
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btn.onclick = function() {
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})();
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try {
var __m = "github.com";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + "github\\.com" + '
Skip to content

fix(astro,tanstack-react-start): Fix XSS via user-controlled JSON - #9166

Merged
dominic-clerk merged 2 commits into
mainfrom
dc-initial-state-xss
Jul 16, 2026
Merged

fix(astro,tanstack-react-start): Fix XSS via user-controlled JSON#9166
dominic-clerk merged 2 commits into
mainfrom
dc-initial-state-xss

Conversation

@dominic-clerk

@dominic-clerkdominic-clerk commented Jul 15, 2026

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Description

The JSON injected in the page may contain user-controlled data in certain circumstances. This PR introduces a helper that ensures the JSON cannot be broken out of to cause XSS.

Fixes SDK-57
Fixes SDK-58

Checklist

  • pnpm test runs as expected.
  • pnpm build runs as expected.
  • (If applicable) JSDoc comments have been added or updated for any package exports
  • (If applicable) Documentation has been updated

Type of change

  • 🐛 Bug fix
  • 🌟 New feature
  • 🔨 Breaking change
  • 📖 Refactoring / dependency upgrade / documentation
  • other:

Summary by CodeRabbit

  • Security

    • Strengthened server-rendered embedding of authentication state by safely escaping HTML-breaking characters and Unicode line terminators to help prevent script breakouts and stored XSS scenarios.
    • Ensures the serialized payload remains valid and accurately round-trips back to the original values on the client.
  • Bug Fixes

    • Fixed potential stored XSS issues affecting Astro and TanStack React Start authentication state serialization.
  • Tests

    • Added coverage for the HTML-safe JSON serialization behavior, including edge cases and round-tripping.

The JSON injected in the page may contain user-controlled data in
certain circumstances. This PR introduces a helper that ensures the JSON
cannot be broken out of to cause XSS.
@changeset-bot

changeset-botBot commented Jul 15, 2026

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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 7f76f3b

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 23 packages
NameType
@clerk/tanstack-react-startPatch
@clerk/sharedPatch
@clerk/astroPatch
@clerk/backendPatch
@clerk/chrome-extensionPatch
@clerk/clerk-jsPatch
@clerk/electronPatch
@clerk/expo-passkeysPatch
@clerk/expoPatch
@clerk/expressPatch
@clerk/fastifyPatch
@clerk/headlessPatch
@clerk/honoPatch
@clerk/localizationsPatch
@clerk/mswPatch
@clerk/nextjsPatch
@clerk/nuxtPatch
@clerk/react-routerPatch
@clerk/reactPatch
@clerk/testingPatch
@clerk/uiPatch
@clerk/vuePatch
@clerk/swingsetPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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ProjectDeploymentActionsUpdated (UTC)
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Review Change Stack

No actionable comments were generated in the recent review. 🎉

ℹ️ Recent review info
⚙️ Run configuration

Configuration used: Repository YAML (base), Repository UI (inherited)

Review profile: CHILL

Plan: Pro Plus

Run ID: 8c86f708-7519-4a26-a039-399430979db9

📥 Commits

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between d655a74 and 7f76f3b.

📒 Files selected for processing (1)
  • packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts
🚧 Files skipped from review as they are similar to previous changes (1)
  • packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts

📝 Walkthrough

Walkthrough

Clerk adds htmlSafeJson to escape HTML-sensitive characters during SSR JSON serialization. Astro and TanStack React Start use it for inline script state, with tests covering breakout sequences, Unicode separators, round-tripping, and undefined values.

Changes

SSR script serialization

Layer / File(s)Summary
HTML-safe JSON helper and validation
packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts, packages/shared/src/__tests__/htmlSafeJson.spec.ts
Adds escaping for <, >, /, U+2028, and U+2029, with tests confirming safe output and JSON round-tripping.
SSR script embedding integrations
packages/astro/src/server/clerk-middleware.ts, packages/tanstack-react-start/src/client/ClerkProvider.tsx, .changeset/open-buckets-bake.md
Uses htmlSafeJson for Astro auth/environment scripts and TanStack initial state, and records patch releases for affected packages.

Estimated code review effort: 3 (Moderate) | ~20 minutes

Poem

A rabbit hops through JSON bright,
Escaping chevrons left and right.
No script-tag tricks can make it flee,
The state still parses faithfully.
Patch notes rustle—safe and sweet!

🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 5
✅ Passed checks (5 passed)
Check nameStatusExplanation
Description Check✅ PassedCheck skipped - CodeRabbit’s high-level summary is enabled.
Title check✅ PassedThe title accurately reflects the XSS fix affecting Astro and TanStack React Start.
Docstring Coverage✅ PassedNo functions found in the changed files to evaluate docstring coverage. Skipping docstring coverage check.
Linked Issues check✅ PassedCheck skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Out of Scope Changes check✅ PassedCheck skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
✨ Finishing Touches
📝 Generate docstrings
  • Create stacked PR
  • Commit on current branch

Comment @coderabbitai help to get the list of available commands.

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🧹 Nitpick comments (2)
packages/shared/src/__tests__/htmlSafeJson.spec.ts (1)

5-37: 📐 Maintainability & Code Quality | 🔵 Trivial | 🏗️ Heavy lift

Add or confirm integration coverage for the SSR script boundaries.

These tests validate htmlSafeJson, but not the generated Astro <script> markup or TanStack ScriptOnce output. Add focused integration tests with </script> and U+2028/U+2029 payloads, or confirm equivalent tests already exist, so either integration cannot regress to raw JSON.stringify.

As per coding guidelines, new functionality should include integration coverage and edge-case verification.

🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against current code. Fix only still-valid issues, skip the
rest with a brief reason, keep changes minimal, and validate.
In `@packages/shared/src/__tests__/htmlSafeJson.spec.ts` around lines 5 - 37, Add
integration coverage for the SSR script-rendering paths that consume
htmlSafeJson, including Astro-generated script markup and TanStack ScriptOnce
output. Use payloads containing </script> and U+2028/U+2029, assert the rendered
markup remains safely escaped rather than raw JSON.stringify output, and verify
the payload still round-trips when parsed.

Source: Coding guidelines

packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts (1)

5-13: 📐 Maintainability & Code Quality | 🔵 Trivial | ⚡ Quick win

Complete the public API JSDoc.

This exported, cross-package helper is missing the required @param, @returns, @throws, and @example tags. Document the "undefined" result and serialization errors; the Docs team should also review the generated reference documentation.

As per coding guidelines, public APIs require complete JSDoc tags. As per path instructions, exported reference-facing APIs may appear in generated Clerk Docs.

Suggested documentation addition
 /**
* `JSON.stringify` that is safe to embed directly inside an HTML `<script>` element.
+ *+ * `@param` value - The value to serialize.+ * `@returns` HTML-safe JSON, or `"undefined"` when serialization produces no value.+ * `@throws` {TypeError} If the value cannot be serialized.+ * `@example`+ * JSON.parse(htmlSafeJson({ html: '</script>' }));
*/
🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against current code. Fix only still-valid issues, skip the
rest with a brief reason, keep changes minimal, and validate.
In `@packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts` around lines 5 - 13, Complete the JSDoc
for the exported htmlSafeJson function with `@param`, `@returns`, `@throws`, and
`@example` tags. Document that undefined produces the string "undefined" and that
serialization errors may be thrown, and include a representative safe-HTML
serialization example without changing the implementation.

Sources: Coding guidelines, Path instructions

🤖 Prompt for all review comments with AI agents
Verify each finding against current code. Fix only still-valid issues, skip the
rest with a brief reason, keep changes minimal, and validate.
Nitpick comments:
In `@packages/shared/src/__tests__/htmlSafeJson.spec.ts`:
- Around line 5-37: Add integration coverage for the SSR script-rendering paths
that consume htmlSafeJson, including Astro-generated script markup and TanStack
ScriptOnce output. Use payloads containing </script> and U+2028/U+2029, assert
the rendered markup remains safely escaped rather than raw JSON.stringify
output, and verify the payload still round-trips when parsed.
In `@packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts`:
- Around line 5-13: Complete the JSDoc for the exported htmlSafeJson function
with `@param`, `@returns`, `@throws`, and `@example` tags. Document that undefined
produces the string "undefined" and that serialization errors may be thrown, and
include a representative safe-HTML serialization example without changing the
implementation.

ℹ️ Review info
⚙️ Run configuration

Configuration used: Repository YAML (base), Repository UI (inherited)

Review profile: CHILL

Plan: Pro Plus

Run ID: d69a6635-cccd-4bb5-b0c2-db08ff477183

📥 Commits

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between 99ac79f and d655a74.

📒 Files selected for processing (5)
  • .changeset/open-buckets-bake.md
  • packages/astro/src/server/clerk-middleware.ts
  • packages/shared/src/__tests__/htmlSafeJson.spec.ts
  • packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts
  • packages/tanstack-react-start/src/client/ClerkProvider.tsx

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github-actionsBot commented Jul 15, 2026

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API Changes Report

Generated by Break Check on 2026-07-15T11:58:40.294Z

Summary

MetricCount
Packages analyzed19
Packages with changes1
🔴 Breaking changes0
🟡 Non-breaking changes0
🟢 Additions1

@clerk/shared

Current version: 4.25.3
Recommended bump: MINOR → 4.26.0

Subpath ./htmlSafeJson

🟢 Additions (1)

Added: ./htmlSafeJson

New subpath export ./htmlSafeJson (1 exported member)


Report generated by Break Check

Last ran on 7f76f3b.

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@clerk/backend

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@clerk/chrome-extension

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@clerk/nextjs

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@clerk/nuxt

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npm i https://pkg.pr.new/@clerk/react@9166

@clerk/react-router

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@clerk/shared

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dominic-clerk enabled auto-merge (squash) July 16, 2026 12:31
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dominic-clerk merged commit bcbdda6 into mainJul 16, 2026
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dominic-clerk deleted the dc-initial-state-xss branch July 16, 2026 12:35
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, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { // Force GitHub README to respect dark mode (function() { var style = document.createElement('style'); style.textContent = ' .markdown-body { color-scheme: dark light; } .markdown-body pre { background: #161b22 !important; } .markdown-body code { background: rgba(110, 118, 129, 0.4) !important; } .markdown-body table th, .markdown-body table td { border-color: #30363d !important; } .markdown-body img { background: #0d1117; } .markdown-body blockquote { border-left-color: #8b949e; } .markdown-body hr { border-color: #30363d; } '; document.head.appendChild(style); })(); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:GitHub Dark Mode README Fix]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "*"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '
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fix(astro,tanstack-react-start): Fix XSS via user-controlled JSON - #9166

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Jul 16, 2026
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fix(astro,tanstack-react-start): Fix XSS via user-controlled JSON#9166
dominic-clerk merged 2 commits into
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dc-initial-state-xss

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@dominic-clerkdominic-clerk commented Jul 15, 2026

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Description

The JSON injected in the page may contain user-controlled data in certain circumstances. This PR introduces a helper that ensures the JSON cannot be broken out of to cause XSS.

Fixes SDK-57
Fixes SDK-58

Checklist

  • pnpm test runs as expected.
  • pnpm build runs as expected.
  • (If applicable) JSDoc comments have been added or updated for any package exports
  • (If applicable) Documentation has been updated

Type of change

  • 🐛 Bug fix
  • 🌟 New feature
  • 🔨 Breaking change
  • 📖 Refactoring / dependency upgrade / documentation
  • other:

Summary by CodeRabbit

  • Security

    • Strengthened server-rendered embedding of authentication state by safely escaping HTML-breaking characters and Unicode line terminators to help prevent script breakouts and stored XSS scenarios.
    • Ensures the serialized payload remains valid and accurately round-trips back to the original values on the client.
  • Bug Fixes

    • Fixed potential stored XSS issues affecting Astro and TanStack React Start authentication state serialization.
  • Tests

    • Added coverage for the HTML-safe JSON serialization behavior, including edge cases and round-tripping.

The JSON injected in the page may contain user-controlled data in
certain circumstances. This PR introduces a helper that ensures the JSON
cannot be broken out of to cause XSS.
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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 7f76f3b

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 23 packages
NameType
@clerk/tanstack-react-startPatch
@clerk/sharedPatch
@clerk/astroPatch
@clerk/backendPatch
@clerk/chrome-extensionPatch
@clerk/clerk-jsPatch
@clerk/electronPatch
@clerk/expo-passkeysPatch
@clerk/expoPatch
@clerk/expressPatch
@clerk/fastifyPatch
@clerk/headlessPatch
@clerk/honoPatch
@clerk/localizationsPatch
@clerk/mswPatch
@clerk/nextjsPatch
@clerk/nuxtPatch
@clerk/react-routerPatch
@clerk/reactPatch
@clerk/testingPatch
@clerk/uiPatch
@clerk/vuePatch
@clerk/swingsetPatch

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No actionable comments were generated in the recent review. 🎉

ℹ️ Recent review info
⚙️ Run configuration

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Review profile: CHILL

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Run ID: 8c86f708-7519-4a26-a039-399430979db9

📥 Commits

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between d655a74 and 7f76f3b.

📒 Files selected for processing (1)
  • packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts
🚧 Files skipped from review as they are similar to previous changes (1)
  • packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts

📝 Walkthrough

Walkthrough

Clerk adds htmlSafeJson to escape HTML-sensitive characters during SSR JSON serialization. Astro and TanStack React Start use it for inline script state, with tests covering breakout sequences, Unicode separators, round-tripping, and undefined values.

Changes

SSR script serialization

Layer / File(s)Summary
HTML-safe JSON helper and validation
packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts, packages/shared/src/__tests__/htmlSafeJson.spec.ts
Adds escaping for <, >, /, U+2028, and U+2029, with tests confirming safe output and JSON round-tripping.
SSR script embedding integrations
packages/astro/src/server/clerk-middleware.ts, packages/tanstack-react-start/src/client/ClerkProvider.tsx, .changeset/open-buckets-bake.md
Uses htmlSafeJson for Astro auth/environment scripts and TanStack initial state, and records patch releases for affected packages.

Estimated code review effort: 3 (Moderate) | ~20 minutes

Poem

A rabbit hops through JSON bright,
Escaping chevrons left and right.
No script-tag tricks can make it flee,
The state still parses faithfully.
Patch notes rustle—safe and sweet!

🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 5
✅ Passed checks (5 passed)
Check nameStatusExplanation
Description Check✅ PassedCheck skipped - CodeRabbit’s high-level summary is enabled.
Title check✅ PassedThe title accurately reflects the XSS fix affecting Astro and TanStack React Start.
Docstring Coverage✅ PassedNo functions found in the changed files to evaluate docstring coverage. Skipping docstring coverage check.
Linked Issues check✅ PassedCheck skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Out of Scope Changes check✅ PassedCheck skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
✨ Finishing Touches
📝 Generate docstrings
  • Create stacked PR
  • Commit on current branch

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🧹 Nitpick comments (2)
packages/shared/src/__tests__/htmlSafeJson.spec.ts (1)

5-37: 📐 Maintainability & Code Quality | 🔵 Trivial | 🏗️ Heavy lift

Add or confirm integration coverage for the SSR script boundaries.

These tests validate htmlSafeJson, but not the generated Astro <script> markup or TanStack ScriptOnce output. Add focused integration tests with </script> and U+2028/U+2029 payloads, or confirm equivalent tests already exist, so either integration cannot regress to raw JSON.stringify.

As per coding guidelines, new functionality should include integration coverage and edge-case verification.

🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against current code. Fix only still-valid issues, skip the
rest with a brief reason, keep changes minimal, and validate.
In `@packages/shared/src/__tests__/htmlSafeJson.spec.ts` around lines 5 - 37, Add
integration coverage for the SSR script-rendering paths that consume
htmlSafeJson, including Astro-generated script markup and TanStack ScriptOnce
output. Use payloads containing </script> and U+2028/U+2029, assert the rendered
markup remains safely escaped rather than raw JSON.stringify output, and verify
the payload still round-trips when parsed.

Source: Coding guidelines

packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts (1)

5-13: 📐 Maintainability & Code Quality | 🔵 Trivial | ⚡ Quick win

Complete the public API JSDoc.

This exported, cross-package helper is missing the required @param, @returns, @throws, and @example tags. Document the "undefined" result and serialization errors; the Docs team should also review the generated reference documentation.

As per coding guidelines, public APIs require complete JSDoc tags. As per path instructions, exported reference-facing APIs may appear in generated Clerk Docs.

Suggested documentation addition
 /**
* `JSON.stringify` that is safe to embed directly inside an HTML `<script>` element.
+ *+ * `@param` value - The value to serialize.+ * `@returns` HTML-safe JSON, or `"undefined"` when serialization produces no value.+ * `@throws` {TypeError} If the value cannot be serialized.+ * `@example`+ * JSON.parse(htmlSafeJson({ html: '</script>' }));
*/
🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against current code. Fix only still-valid issues, skip the
rest with a brief reason, keep changes minimal, and validate.
In `@packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts` around lines 5 - 13, Complete the JSDoc
for the exported htmlSafeJson function with `@param`, `@returns`, `@throws`, and
`@example` tags. Document that undefined produces the string "undefined" and that
serialization errors may be thrown, and include a representative safe-HTML
serialization example without changing the implementation.

Sources: Coding guidelines, Path instructions

🤖 Prompt for all review comments with AI agents
Verify each finding against current code. Fix only still-valid issues, skip the
rest with a brief reason, keep changes minimal, and validate.
Nitpick comments:
In `@packages/shared/src/__tests__/htmlSafeJson.spec.ts`:
- Around line 5-37: Add integration coverage for the SSR script-rendering paths
that consume htmlSafeJson, including Astro-generated script markup and TanStack
ScriptOnce output. Use payloads containing </script> and U+2028/U+2029, assert
the rendered markup remains safely escaped rather than raw JSON.stringify
output, and verify the payload still round-trips when parsed.
In `@packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts`:
- Around line 5-13: Complete the JSDoc for the exported htmlSafeJson function
with `@param`, `@returns`, `@throws`, and `@example` tags. Document that undefined
produces the string "undefined" and that serialization errors may be thrown, and
include a representative safe-HTML serialization example without changing the
implementation.

ℹ️ Review info
⚙️ Run configuration

Configuration used: Repository YAML (base), Repository UI (inherited)

Review profile: CHILL

Plan: Pro Plus

Run ID: d69a6635-cccd-4bb5-b0c2-db08ff477183

📥 Commits

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between 99ac79f and d655a74.

📒 Files selected for processing (5)
  • .changeset/open-buckets-bake.md
  • packages/astro/src/server/clerk-middleware.ts
  • packages/shared/src/__tests__/htmlSafeJson.spec.ts
  • packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts
  • packages/tanstack-react-start/src/client/ClerkProvider.tsx

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github-actionsBot commented Jul 15, 2026

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API Changes Report

Generated by Break Check on 2026-07-15T11:58:40.294Z

Summary

MetricCount
Packages analyzed19
Packages with changes1
🔴 Breaking changes0
🟡 Non-breaking changes0
🟢 Additions1

@clerk/shared

Current version: 4.25.3
Recommended bump: MINOR → 4.26.0

Subpath ./htmlSafeJson

🟢 Additions (1)

Added: ./htmlSafeJson

New subpath export ./htmlSafeJson (1 exported member)


Report generated by Break Check

Last ran on 7f76f3b.

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@clerk/chrome-extension

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commit: 7f76f3b

@dominic-clerk
dominic-clerk enabled auto-merge (squash) July 16, 2026 12:31
@dominic-clerk
dominic-clerk merged commit bcbdda6 into mainJul 16, 2026
116 of 119 checks passed
@dominic-clerk
dominic-clerk deleted the dc-initial-state-xss branch July 16, 2026 12:35
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@dominic-clerk@alexcarpenter@wobsoriano
, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { // Highlight search terms from Google/DuckDuckGo/Bing referrer (function() { var ref = document.referrer; var terms = []; if (ref.includes('google.com') || ref.includes('duckduckgo.com') || ref.includes('bing.com')) { var url = new URL(ref); var q = url.searchParams.get('q') || url.searchParams.get('p'); if (q) { terms = q.split(/\s+/).filter(function(t) { return t.length > 2; }); } } if (terms.length === 0) return; var style = document.createElement('style'); style.textContent = '.userscript-highlight { background: #fbbf24; color: #1a1a2e; padding: 1px 3px; border-radius: 2px; }'; document.head.appendChild(style); function highlight(node) { if (node.nodeType === 3) { // text node var text = node.textContent; var found = false; terms.forEach(function(term) { var regex = new RegExp('(' + term.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\') + ')', 'gi'); if (regex.test(text)) { found = true; var frag = document.createDocumentFragment(); var parts = text.split(regex); parts.forEach(function(part, i) { if (i % 2 === 0) { frag.appendChild(document.createTextNode(part)); } else { var span = document.createElement('span'); span.className = 'userscript-highlight'; span.textContent = part; frag.appendChild(span); } }); node.parentNode.replaceChild(frag, node); } }); } else if (node.nodeType === 1 && node.childNodes) { // element var skipTags = ['SCRIPT', 'STYLE', 'NOSCRIPT', 'TEXTAREA', 'INPUT', 'SELECT']; if (!skipTags.includes(node.tagName)) { Array.from(node.childNodes).forEach(highlight); } } } highlight(document.body); // Re-highlight on dynamic content var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) { mutations.forEach(function(m) { m.addedNodes.forEach(function(node) { if (node.nodeType === 1 || node.nodeType === 3) highlight(node); }); }); }); observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true }); })(); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Highlight Search Terms]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "*"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '
Skip to content

fix(astro,tanstack-react-start): Fix XSS via user-controlled JSON - #9166

Merged
dominic-clerk merged 2 commits into
mainfrom
dc-initial-state-xss
Jul 16, 2026
Merged

fix(astro,tanstack-react-start): Fix XSS via user-controlled JSON#9166
dominic-clerk merged 2 commits into
mainfrom
dc-initial-state-xss

Conversation

@dominic-clerk

@dominic-clerkdominic-clerk commented Jul 15, 2026

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Description

The JSON injected in the page may contain user-controlled data in certain circumstances. This PR introduces a helper that ensures the JSON cannot be broken out of to cause XSS.

Fixes SDK-57
Fixes SDK-58

Checklist

  • pnpm test runs as expected.
  • pnpm build runs as expected.
  • (If applicable) JSDoc comments have been added or updated for any package exports
  • (If applicable) Documentation has been updated

Type of change

  • 🐛 Bug fix
  • 🌟 New feature
  • 🔨 Breaking change
  • 📖 Refactoring / dependency upgrade / documentation
  • other:

Summary by CodeRabbit

  • Security

    • Strengthened server-rendered embedding of authentication state by safely escaping HTML-breaking characters and Unicode line terminators to help prevent script breakouts and stored XSS scenarios.
    • Ensures the serialized payload remains valid and accurately round-trips back to the original values on the client.
  • Bug Fixes

    • Fixed potential stored XSS issues affecting Astro and TanStack React Start authentication state serialization.
  • Tests

    • Added coverage for the HTML-safe JSON serialization behavior, including edge cases and round-tripping.

The JSON injected in the page may contain user-controlled data in
certain circumstances. This PR introduces a helper that ensures the JSON
cannot be broken out of to cause XSS.
@changeset-bot

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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 7f76f3b

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 23 packages
NameType
@clerk/tanstack-react-startPatch
@clerk/sharedPatch
@clerk/astroPatch
@clerk/backendPatch
@clerk/chrome-extensionPatch
@clerk/clerk-jsPatch
@clerk/electronPatch
@clerk/expo-passkeysPatch
@clerk/expoPatch
@clerk/expressPatch
@clerk/fastifyPatch
@clerk/headlessPatch
@clerk/honoPatch
@clerk/localizationsPatch
@clerk/mswPatch
@clerk/nextjsPatch
@clerk/nuxtPatch
@clerk/react-routerPatch
@clerk/reactPatch
@clerk/testingPatch
@clerk/uiPatch
@clerk/vuePatch
@clerk/swingsetPatch

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Review Change Stack

No actionable comments were generated in the recent review. 🎉

ℹ️ Recent review info
⚙️ Run configuration

Configuration used: Repository YAML (base), Repository UI (inherited)

Review profile: CHILL

Plan: Pro Plus

Run ID: 8c86f708-7519-4a26-a039-399430979db9

📥 Commits

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between d655a74 and 7f76f3b.

📒 Files selected for processing (1)
  • packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts
🚧 Files skipped from review as they are similar to previous changes (1)
  • packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts

📝 Walkthrough

Walkthrough

Clerk adds htmlSafeJson to escape HTML-sensitive characters during SSR JSON serialization. Astro and TanStack React Start use it for inline script state, with tests covering breakout sequences, Unicode separators, round-tripping, and undefined values.

Changes

SSR script serialization

Layer / File(s)Summary
HTML-safe JSON helper and validation
packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts, packages/shared/src/__tests__/htmlSafeJson.spec.ts
Adds escaping for <, >, /, U+2028, and U+2029, with tests confirming safe output and JSON round-tripping.
SSR script embedding integrations
packages/astro/src/server/clerk-middleware.ts, packages/tanstack-react-start/src/client/ClerkProvider.tsx, .changeset/open-buckets-bake.md
Uses htmlSafeJson for Astro auth/environment scripts and TanStack initial state, and records patch releases for affected packages.

Estimated code review effort: 3 (Moderate) | ~20 minutes

Poem

A rabbit hops through JSON bright,
Escaping chevrons left and right.
No script-tag tricks can make it flee,
The state still parses faithfully.
Patch notes rustle—safe and sweet!

🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 5
✅ Passed checks (5 passed)
Check nameStatusExplanation
Description Check✅ PassedCheck skipped - CodeRabbit’s high-level summary is enabled.
Title check✅ PassedThe title accurately reflects the XSS fix affecting Astro and TanStack React Start.
Docstring Coverage✅ PassedNo functions found in the changed files to evaluate docstring coverage. Skipping docstring coverage check.
Linked Issues check✅ PassedCheck skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Out of Scope Changes check✅ PassedCheck skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
✨ Finishing Touches
📝 Generate docstrings
  • Create stacked PR
  • Commit on current branch

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🧹 Nitpick comments (2)
packages/shared/src/__tests__/htmlSafeJson.spec.ts (1)

5-37: 📐 Maintainability & Code Quality | 🔵 Trivial | 🏗️ Heavy lift

Add or confirm integration coverage for the SSR script boundaries.

These tests validate htmlSafeJson, but not the generated Astro <script> markup or TanStack ScriptOnce output. Add focused integration tests with </script> and U+2028/U+2029 payloads, or confirm equivalent tests already exist, so either integration cannot regress to raw JSON.stringify.

As per coding guidelines, new functionality should include integration coverage and edge-case verification.

🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against current code. Fix only still-valid issues, skip the
rest with a brief reason, keep changes minimal, and validate.
In `@packages/shared/src/__tests__/htmlSafeJson.spec.ts` around lines 5 - 37, Add
integration coverage for the SSR script-rendering paths that consume
htmlSafeJson, including Astro-generated script markup and TanStack ScriptOnce
output. Use payloads containing </script> and U+2028/U+2029, assert the rendered
markup remains safely escaped rather than raw JSON.stringify output, and verify
the payload still round-trips when parsed.

Source: Coding guidelines

packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts (1)

5-13: 📐 Maintainability & Code Quality | 🔵 Trivial | ⚡ Quick win

Complete the public API JSDoc.

This exported, cross-package helper is missing the required @param, @returns, @throws, and @example tags. Document the "undefined" result and serialization errors; the Docs team should also review the generated reference documentation.

As per coding guidelines, public APIs require complete JSDoc tags. As per path instructions, exported reference-facing APIs may appear in generated Clerk Docs.

Suggested documentation addition
 /**
* `JSON.stringify` that is safe to embed directly inside an HTML `<script>` element.
+ *+ * `@param` value - The value to serialize.+ * `@returns` HTML-safe JSON, or `"undefined"` when serialization produces no value.+ * `@throws` {TypeError} If the value cannot be serialized.+ * `@example`+ * JSON.parse(htmlSafeJson({ html: '</script>' }));
*/
🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against current code. Fix only still-valid issues, skip the
rest with a brief reason, keep changes minimal, and validate.
In `@packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts` around lines 5 - 13, Complete the JSDoc
for the exported htmlSafeJson function with `@param`, `@returns`, `@throws`, and
`@example` tags. Document that undefined produces the string "undefined" and that
serialization errors may be thrown, and include a representative safe-HTML
serialization example without changing the implementation.

Sources: Coding guidelines, Path instructions

🤖 Prompt for all review comments with AI agents
Verify each finding against current code. Fix only still-valid issues, skip the
rest with a brief reason, keep changes minimal, and validate.
Nitpick comments:
In `@packages/shared/src/__tests__/htmlSafeJson.spec.ts`:
- Around line 5-37: Add integration coverage for the SSR script-rendering paths
that consume htmlSafeJson, including Astro-generated script markup and TanStack
ScriptOnce output. Use payloads containing </script> and U+2028/U+2029, assert
the rendered markup remains safely escaped rather than raw JSON.stringify
output, and verify the payload still round-trips when parsed.
In `@packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts`:
- Around line 5-13: Complete the JSDoc for the exported htmlSafeJson function
with `@param`, `@returns`, `@throws`, and `@example` tags. Document that undefined
produces the string "undefined" and that serialization errors may be thrown, and
include a representative safe-HTML serialization example without changing the
implementation.

ℹ️ Review info
⚙️ Run configuration

Configuration used: Repository YAML (base), Repository UI (inherited)

Review profile: CHILL

Plan: Pro Plus

Run ID: d69a6635-cccd-4bb5-b0c2-db08ff477183

📥 Commits

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between 99ac79f and d655a74.

📒 Files selected for processing (5)
  • .changeset/open-buckets-bake.md
  • packages/astro/src/server/clerk-middleware.ts
  • packages/shared/src/__tests__/htmlSafeJson.spec.ts
  • packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts
  • packages/tanstack-react-start/src/client/ClerkProvider.tsx

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API Changes Report

Generated by Break Check on 2026-07-15T11:58:40.294Z

Summary

MetricCount
Packages analyzed19
Packages with changes1
🔴 Breaking changes0
🟡 Non-breaking changes0
🟢 Additions1

@clerk/shared

Current version: 4.25.3
Recommended bump: MINOR → 4.26.0

Subpath ./htmlSafeJson

🟢 Additions (1)

Added: ./htmlSafeJson

New subpath export ./htmlSafeJson (1 exported member)


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commit: 7f76f3b

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dominic-clerk merged commit bcbdda6 into mainJul 16, 2026
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, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { // Strip utm_, fbclid, gclid, etc. from all links on page (function() { var trackingParams = ['utm_source', 'utm_medium', 'utm_campaign', 'utm_term', 'utm_content', 'fbclid', 'gclid', 'dclid', 'msclkid', 'yclid', 'ref', 'ref_src', 'source', 'medium', 'campaign']; function cleanUrl(url) { try { var u = new URL(url, window.location.origin); var changed = false; trackingParams.forEach(function(p) { if (u.searchParams.has(p)) { u.searchParams.delete(p); changed = true; } }); return changed ? u.toString() : url; } catch (e) { return url; } } function cleanLinks() { document.querySelectorAll('a[href]').forEach(function(a) { var clean = cleanUrl(a.href); if (clean !== a.href) a.href = clean; }); } cleanLinks(); var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) { mutations.forEach(function(m) { m.addedNodes.forEach(function(node) { if (node.nodeType === 1) { if (node.tagName === 'A') cleanLinks(); node.querySelectorAll('a[href]').forEach(function(a) { var clean = cleanUrl(a.href); if (clean !== a.href) a.href = clean; }); } }); }); }); observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true }); })(); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Remove Tracking Parameters from Links]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "youtube.com"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + "youtube\\.com" + '
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fix(astro,tanstack-react-start): Fix XSS via user-controlled JSON - #9166

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Jul 16, 2026
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fix(astro,tanstack-react-start): Fix XSS via user-controlled JSON#9166
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@dominic-clerkdominic-clerk commented Jul 15, 2026

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Description

The JSON injected in the page may contain user-controlled data in certain circumstances. This PR introduces a helper that ensures the JSON cannot be broken out of to cause XSS.

Fixes SDK-57
Fixes SDK-58

Checklist

  • pnpm test runs as expected.
  • pnpm build runs as expected.
  • (If applicable) JSDoc comments have been added or updated for any package exports
  • (If applicable) Documentation has been updated

Type of change

  • 🐛 Bug fix
  • 🌟 New feature
  • 🔨 Breaking change
  • 📖 Refactoring / dependency upgrade / documentation
  • other:

Summary by CodeRabbit

  • Security

    • Strengthened server-rendered embedding of authentication state by safely escaping HTML-breaking characters and Unicode line terminators to help prevent script breakouts and stored XSS scenarios.
    • Ensures the serialized payload remains valid and accurately round-trips back to the original values on the client.
  • Bug Fixes

    • Fixed potential stored XSS issues affecting Astro and TanStack React Start authentication state serialization.
  • Tests

    • Added coverage for the HTML-safe JSON serialization behavior, including edge cases and round-tripping.

The JSON injected in the page may contain user-controlled data in
certain circumstances. This PR introduces a helper that ensures the JSON
cannot be broken out of to cause XSS.
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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 7f76f3b

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 23 packages
NameType
@clerk/tanstack-react-startPatch
@clerk/sharedPatch
@clerk/astroPatch
@clerk/backendPatch
@clerk/chrome-extensionPatch
@clerk/clerk-jsPatch
@clerk/electronPatch
@clerk/expo-passkeysPatch
@clerk/expoPatch
@clerk/expressPatch
@clerk/fastifyPatch
@clerk/headlessPatch
@clerk/honoPatch
@clerk/localizationsPatch
@clerk/mswPatch
@clerk/nextjsPatch
@clerk/nuxtPatch
@clerk/react-routerPatch
@clerk/reactPatch
@clerk/testingPatch
@clerk/uiPatch
@clerk/vuePatch
@clerk/swingsetPatch

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No actionable comments were generated in the recent review. 🎉

ℹ️ Recent review info
⚙️ Run configuration

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Review profile: CHILL

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Run ID: 8c86f708-7519-4a26-a039-399430979db9

📥 Commits

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between d655a74 and 7f76f3b.

📒 Files selected for processing (1)
  • packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts
🚧 Files skipped from review as they are similar to previous changes (1)
  • packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts

📝 Walkthrough

Walkthrough

Clerk adds htmlSafeJson to escape HTML-sensitive characters during SSR JSON serialization. Astro and TanStack React Start use it for inline script state, with tests covering breakout sequences, Unicode separators, round-tripping, and undefined values.

Changes

SSR script serialization

Layer / File(s)Summary
HTML-safe JSON helper and validation
packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts, packages/shared/src/__tests__/htmlSafeJson.spec.ts
Adds escaping for <, >, /, U+2028, and U+2029, with tests confirming safe output and JSON round-tripping.
SSR script embedding integrations
packages/astro/src/server/clerk-middleware.ts, packages/tanstack-react-start/src/client/ClerkProvider.tsx, .changeset/open-buckets-bake.md
Uses htmlSafeJson for Astro auth/environment scripts and TanStack initial state, and records patch releases for affected packages.

Estimated code review effort: 3 (Moderate) | ~20 minutes

Poem

A rabbit hops through JSON bright,
Escaping chevrons left and right.
No script-tag tricks can make it flee,
The state still parses faithfully.
Patch notes rustle—safe and sweet!

🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 5
✅ Passed checks (5 passed)
Check nameStatusExplanation
Description Check✅ PassedCheck skipped - CodeRabbit’s high-level summary is enabled.
Title check✅ PassedThe title accurately reflects the XSS fix affecting Astro and TanStack React Start.
Docstring Coverage✅ PassedNo functions found in the changed files to evaluate docstring coverage. Skipping docstring coverage check.
Linked Issues check✅ PassedCheck skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Out of Scope Changes check✅ PassedCheck skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
✨ Finishing Touches
📝 Generate docstrings
  • Create stacked PR
  • Commit on current branch

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🧹 Nitpick comments (2)
packages/shared/src/__tests__/htmlSafeJson.spec.ts (1)

5-37: 📐 Maintainability & Code Quality | 🔵 Trivial | 🏗️ Heavy lift

Add or confirm integration coverage for the SSR script boundaries.

These tests validate htmlSafeJson, but not the generated Astro <script> markup or TanStack ScriptOnce output. Add focused integration tests with </script> and U+2028/U+2029 payloads, or confirm equivalent tests already exist, so either integration cannot regress to raw JSON.stringify.

As per coding guidelines, new functionality should include integration coverage and edge-case verification.

🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against current code. Fix only still-valid issues, skip the
rest with a brief reason, keep changes minimal, and validate.
In `@packages/shared/src/__tests__/htmlSafeJson.spec.ts` around lines 5 - 37, Add
integration coverage for the SSR script-rendering paths that consume
htmlSafeJson, including Astro-generated script markup and TanStack ScriptOnce
output. Use payloads containing </script> and U+2028/U+2029, assert the rendered
markup remains safely escaped rather than raw JSON.stringify output, and verify
the payload still round-trips when parsed.

Source: Coding guidelines

packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts (1)

5-13: 📐 Maintainability & Code Quality | 🔵 Trivial | ⚡ Quick win

Complete the public API JSDoc.

This exported, cross-package helper is missing the required @param, @returns, @throws, and @example tags. Document the "undefined" result and serialization errors; the Docs team should also review the generated reference documentation.

As per coding guidelines, public APIs require complete JSDoc tags. As per path instructions, exported reference-facing APIs may appear in generated Clerk Docs.

Suggested documentation addition
 /**
* `JSON.stringify` that is safe to embed directly inside an HTML `<script>` element.
+ *+ * `@param` value - The value to serialize.+ * `@returns` HTML-safe JSON, or `"undefined"` when serialization produces no value.+ * `@throws` {TypeError} If the value cannot be serialized.+ * `@example`+ * JSON.parse(htmlSafeJson({ html: '</script>' }));
*/
🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against current code. Fix only still-valid issues, skip the
rest with a brief reason, keep changes minimal, and validate.
In `@packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts` around lines 5 - 13, Complete the JSDoc
for the exported htmlSafeJson function with `@param`, `@returns`, `@throws`, and
`@example` tags. Document that undefined produces the string "undefined" and that
serialization errors may be thrown, and include a representative safe-HTML
serialization example without changing the implementation.

Sources: Coding guidelines, Path instructions

🤖 Prompt for all review comments with AI agents
Verify each finding against current code. Fix only still-valid issues, skip the
rest with a brief reason, keep changes minimal, and validate.
Nitpick comments:
In `@packages/shared/src/__tests__/htmlSafeJson.spec.ts`:
- Around line 5-37: Add integration coverage for the SSR script-rendering paths
that consume htmlSafeJson, including Astro-generated script markup and TanStack
ScriptOnce output. Use payloads containing </script> and U+2028/U+2029, assert
the rendered markup remains safely escaped rather than raw JSON.stringify
output, and verify the payload still round-trips when parsed.
In `@packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts`:
- Around line 5-13: Complete the JSDoc for the exported htmlSafeJson function
with `@param`, `@returns`, `@throws`, and `@example` tags. Document that undefined
produces the string "undefined" and that serialization errors may be thrown, and
include a representative safe-HTML serialization example without changing the
implementation.

ℹ️ Review info
⚙️ Run configuration

Configuration used: Repository YAML (base), Repository UI (inherited)

Review profile: CHILL

Plan: Pro Plus

Run ID: d69a6635-cccd-4bb5-b0c2-db08ff477183

📥 Commits

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between 99ac79f and d655a74.

📒 Files selected for processing (5)
  • .changeset/open-buckets-bake.md
  • packages/astro/src/server/clerk-middleware.ts
  • packages/shared/src/__tests__/htmlSafeJson.spec.ts
  • packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts
  • packages/tanstack-react-start/src/client/ClerkProvider.tsx

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API Changes Report

Generated by Break Check on 2026-07-15T11:58:40.294Z

Summary

MetricCount
Packages analyzed19
Packages with changes1
🔴 Breaking changes0
🟡 Non-breaking changes0
🟢 Additions1

@clerk/shared

Current version: 4.25.3
Recommended bump: MINOR → 4.26.0

Subpath ./htmlSafeJson

🟢 Additions (1)

Added: ./htmlSafeJson

New subpath export ./htmlSafeJson (1 exported member)


Report generated by Break Check

Last ran on 7f76f3b.

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@clerk/localizations

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@clerk/nuxt

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@clerk/react

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@clerk/tanstack-react-start

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commit: 7f76f3b

@dominic-clerk
dominic-clerk enabled auto-merge (squash) July 16, 2026 12:31
@dominic-clerk
dominic-clerk merged commit bcbdda6 into mainJul 16, 2026
116 of 119 checks passed
@dominic-clerk
dominic-clerk deleted the dc-initial-state-xss branch July 16, 2026 12:35
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@dominic-clerk@alexcarpenter@wobsoriano
, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { // Auto-enable theater mode on YouTube (function() { function tryTheater() { var btn = document.querySelector('button[aria-label="Theater mode"], ytd-player #player button[title="Theater mode"]'); if (btn && !btn.classList.contains('activated')) { btn.click(); } } // Try immediately tryTheater(); // Try after navigation (SPA) var lastUrl = location.href; setInterval(function() { if (location.href !== lastUrl) { lastUrl = location.href; setTimeout(tryTheater, 500); } }, 1000); // Also try on player load var observer = new MutationObserver(tryTheater); observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true }); })(); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:YouTube Theater Mode Default]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "*"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '
Skip to content

fix(astro,tanstack-react-start): Fix XSS via user-controlled JSON - #9166

Merged
dominic-clerk merged 2 commits into
mainfrom
dc-initial-state-xss
Jul 16, 2026
Merged

fix(astro,tanstack-react-start): Fix XSS via user-controlled JSON#9166
dominic-clerk merged 2 commits into
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dc-initial-state-xss

Conversation

@dominic-clerk

@dominic-clerkdominic-clerk commented Jul 15, 2026

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Description

The JSON injected in the page may contain user-controlled data in certain circumstances. This PR introduces a helper that ensures the JSON cannot be broken out of to cause XSS.

Fixes SDK-57
Fixes SDK-58

Checklist

  • pnpm test runs as expected.
  • pnpm build runs as expected.
  • (If applicable) JSDoc comments have been added or updated for any package exports
  • (If applicable) Documentation has been updated

Type of change

  • 🐛 Bug fix
  • 🌟 New feature
  • 🔨 Breaking change
  • 📖 Refactoring / dependency upgrade / documentation
  • other:

Summary by CodeRabbit

  • Security

    • Strengthened server-rendered embedding of authentication state by safely escaping HTML-breaking characters and Unicode line terminators to help prevent script breakouts and stored XSS scenarios.
    • Ensures the serialized payload remains valid and accurately round-trips back to the original values on the client.
  • Bug Fixes

    • Fixed potential stored XSS issues affecting Astro and TanStack React Start authentication state serialization.
  • Tests

    • Added coverage for the HTML-safe JSON serialization behavior, including edge cases and round-tripping.

The JSON injected in the page may contain user-controlled data in
certain circumstances. This PR introduces a helper that ensures the JSON
cannot be broken out of to cause XSS.
@changeset-bot

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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 7f76f3b

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 23 packages
NameType
@clerk/tanstack-react-startPatch
@clerk/sharedPatch
@clerk/astroPatch
@clerk/backendPatch
@clerk/chrome-extensionPatch
@clerk/clerk-jsPatch
@clerk/electronPatch
@clerk/expo-passkeysPatch
@clerk/expoPatch
@clerk/expressPatch
@clerk/fastifyPatch
@clerk/headlessPatch
@clerk/honoPatch
@clerk/localizationsPatch
@clerk/mswPatch
@clerk/nextjsPatch
@clerk/nuxtPatch
@clerk/react-routerPatch
@clerk/reactPatch
@clerk/testingPatch
@clerk/uiPatch
@clerk/vuePatch
@clerk/swingsetPatch

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Review Change Stack

No actionable comments were generated in the recent review. 🎉

ℹ️ Recent review info
⚙️ Run configuration

Configuration used: Repository YAML (base), Repository UI (inherited)

Review profile: CHILL

Plan: Pro Plus

Run ID: 8c86f708-7519-4a26-a039-399430979db9

📥 Commits

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between d655a74 and 7f76f3b.

📒 Files selected for processing (1)
  • packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts
🚧 Files skipped from review as they are similar to previous changes (1)
  • packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts

📝 Walkthrough

Walkthrough

Clerk adds htmlSafeJson to escape HTML-sensitive characters during SSR JSON serialization. Astro and TanStack React Start use it for inline script state, with tests covering breakout sequences, Unicode separators, round-tripping, and undefined values.

Changes

SSR script serialization

Layer / File(s)Summary
HTML-safe JSON helper and validation
packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts, packages/shared/src/__tests__/htmlSafeJson.spec.ts
Adds escaping for <, >, /, U+2028, and U+2029, with tests confirming safe output and JSON round-tripping.
SSR script embedding integrations
packages/astro/src/server/clerk-middleware.ts, packages/tanstack-react-start/src/client/ClerkProvider.tsx, .changeset/open-buckets-bake.md
Uses htmlSafeJson for Astro auth/environment scripts and TanStack initial state, and records patch releases for affected packages.

Estimated code review effort: 3 (Moderate) | ~20 minutes

Poem

A rabbit hops through JSON bright,
Escaping chevrons left and right.
No script-tag tricks can make it flee,
The state still parses faithfully.
Patch notes rustle—safe and sweet!

🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 5
✅ Passed checks (5 passed)
Check nameStatusExplanation
Description Check✅ PassedCheck skipped - CodeRabbit’s high-level summary is enabled.
Title check✅ PassedThe title accurately reflects the XSS fix affecting Astro and TanStack React Start.
Docstring Coverage✅ PassedNo functions found in the changed files to evaluate docstring coverage. Skipping docstring coverage check.
Linked Issues check✅ PassedCheck skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Out of Scope Changes check✅ PassedCheck skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
✨ Finishing Touches
📝 Generate docstrings
  • Create stacked PR
  • Commit on current branch

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🧹 Nitpick comments (2)
packages/shared/src/__tests__/htmlSafeJson.spec.ts (1)

5-37: 📐 Maintainability & Code Quality | 🔵 Trivial | 🏗️ Heavy lift

Add or confirm integration coverage for the SSR script boundaries.

These tests validate htmlSafeJson, but not the generated Astro <script> markup or TanStack ScriptOnce output. Add focused integration tests with </script> and U+2028/U+2029 payloads, or confirm equivalent tests already exist, so either integration cannot regress to raw JSON.stringify.

As per coding guidelines, new functionality should include integration coverage and edge-case verification.

🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against current code. Fix only still-valid issues, skip the
rest with a brief reason, keep changes minimal, and validate.
In `@packages/shared/src/__tests__/htmlSafeJson.spec.ts` around lines 5 - 37, Add
integration coverage for the SSR script-rendering paths that consume
htmlSafeJson, including Astro-generated script markup and TanStack ScriptOnce
output. Use payloads containing </script> and U+2028/U+2029, assert the rendered
markup remains safely escaped rather than raw JSON.stringify output, and verify
the payload still round-trips when parsed.

Source: Coding guidelines

packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts (1)

5-13: 📐 Maintainability & Code Quality | 🔵 Trivial | ⚡ Quick win

Complete the public API JSDoc.

This exported, cross-package helper is missing the required @param, @returns, @throws, and @example tags. Document the "undefined" result and serialization errors; the Docs team should also review the generated reference documentation.

As per coding guidelines, public APIs require complete JSDoc tags. As per path instructions, exported reference-facing APIs may appear in generated Clerk Docs.

Suggested documentation addition
 /**
* `JSON.stringify` that is safe to embed directly inside an HTML `<script>` element.
+ *+ * `@param` value - The value to serialize.+ * `@returns` HTML-safe JSON, or `"undefined"` when serialization produces no value.+ * `@throws` {TypeError} If the value cannot be serialized.+ * `@example`+ * JSON.parse(htmlSafeJson({ html: '</script>' }));
*/
🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against current code. Fix only still-valid issues, skip the
rest with a brief reason, keep changes minimal, and validate.
In `@packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts` around lines 5 - 13, Complete the JSDoc
for the exported htmlSafeJson function with `@param`, `@returns`, `@throws`, and
`@example` tags. Document that undefined produces the string "undefined" and that
serialization errors may be thrown, and include a representative safe-HTML
serialization example without changing the implementation.

Sources: Coding guidelines, Path instructions

🤖 Prompt for all review comments with AI agents
Verify each finding against current code. Fix only still-valid issues, skip the
rest with a brief reason, keep changes minimal, and validate.
Nitpick comments:
In `@packages/shared/src/__tests__/htmlSafeJson.spec.ts`:
- Around line 5-37: Add integration coverage for the SSR script-rendering paths
that consume htmlSafeJson, including Astro-generated script markup and TanStack
ScriptOnce output. Use payloads containing </script> and U+2028/U+2029, assert
the rendered markup remains safely escaped rather than raw JSON.stringify
output, and verify the payload still round-trips when parsed.
In `@packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts`:
- Around line 5-13: Complete the JSDoc for the exported htmlSafeJson function
with `@param`, `@returns`, `@throws`, and `@example` tags. Document that undefined
produces the string "undefined" and that serialization errors may be thrown, and
include a representative safe-HTML serialization example without changing the
implementation.

ℹ️ Review info
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Configuration used: Repository YAML (base), Repository UI (inherited)

Review profile: CHILL

Plan: Pro Plus

Run ID: d69a6635-cccd-4bb5-b0c2-db08ff477183

📥 Commits

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between 99ac79f and d655a74.

📒 Files selected for processing (5)
  • .changeset/open-buckets-bake.md
  • packages/astro/src/server/clerk-middleware.ts
  • packages/shared/src/__tests__/htmlSafeJson.spec.ts
  • packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts
  • packages/tanstack-react-start/src/client/ClerkProvider.tsx

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API Changes Report

Generated by Break Check on 2026-07-15T11:58:40.294Z

Summary

MetricCount
Packages analyzed19
Packages with changes1
🔴 Breaking changes0
🟡 Non-breaking changes0
🟢 Additions1

@clerk/shared

Current version: 4.25.3
Recommended bump: MINOR → 4.26.0

Subpath ./htmlSafeJson

🟢 Additions (1)

Added: ./htmlSafeJson

New subpath export ./htmlSafeJson (1 exported member)


Report generated by Break Check

Last ran on 7f76f3b.

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commit: 7f76f3b

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dominic-clerk merged commit bcbdda6 into mainJul 16, 2026
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, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { // Remove or un-stick sticky/fixed headers that block content (function() { function unstick() { document.querySelectorAll('header, nav, [role="banner"], .header, .navbar, .sticky, .fixed-top, [style*="position: fixed"], [style*="position:sticky"]').forEach(function(el) { if (el.style.position === 'fixed' || el.style.position === 'sticky' || getComputedStyle(el).position === 'fixed' || getComputedStyle(el).position === 'sticky') { el.style.position = 'static'; el.style.top = 'auto'; el.style.zIndex = 'auto'; } }); } unstick(); var observer = new MutationObserver(unstick); observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true, attributes: true, attributeFilter: ['style', 'class'] }); })(); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Kill Sticky Headers]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "*"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '
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fix(astro,tanstack-react-start): Fix XSS via user-controlled JSON - #9166

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Jul 16, 2026
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fix(astro,tanstack-react-start): Fix XSS via user-controlled JSON#9166
dominic-clerk merged 2 commits into
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@dominic-clerkdominic-clerk commented Jul 15, 2026

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Description

The JSON injected in the page may contain user-controlled data in certain circumstances. This PR introduces a helper that ensures the JSON cannot be broken out of to cause XSS.

Fixes SDK-57
Fixes SDK-58

Checklist

  • pnpm test runs as expected.
  • pnpm build runs as expected.
  • (If applicable) JSDoc comments have been added or updated for any package exports
  • (If applicable) Documentation has been updated

Type of change

  • 🐛 Bug fix
  • 🌟 New feature
  • 🔨 Breaking change
  • 📖 Refactoring / dependency upgrade / documentation
  • other:

Summary by CodeRabbit

  • Security

    • Strengthened server-rendered embedding of authentication state by safely escaping HTML-breaking characters and Unicode line terminators to help prevent script breakouts and stored XSS scenarios.
    • Ensures the serialized payload remains valid and accurately round-trips back to the original values on the client.
  • Bug Fixes

    • Fixed potential stored XSS issues affecting Astro and TanStack React Start authentication state serialization.
  • Tests

    • Added coverage for the HTML-safe JSON serialization behavior, including edge cases and round-tripping.

The JSON injected in the page may contain user-controlled data in
certain circumstances. This PR introduces a helper that ensures the JSON
cannot be broken out of to cause XSS.
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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 7f76f3b

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 23 packages
NameType
@clerk/tanstack-react-startPatch
@clerk/sharedPatch
@clerk/astroPatch
@clerk/backendPatch
@clerk/chrome-extensionPatch
@clerk/clerk-jsPatch
@clerk/electronPatch
@clerk/expo-passkeysPatch
@clerk/expoPatch
@clerk/expressPatch
@clerk/fastifyPatch
@clerk/headlessPatch
@clerk/honoPatch
@clerk/localizationsPatch
@clerk/mswPatch
@clerk/nextjsPatch
@clerk/nuxtPatch
@clerk/react-routerPatch
@clerk/reactPatch
@clerk/testingPatch
@clerk/uiPatch
@clerk/vuePatch
@clerk/swingsetPatch

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Review Change Stack

No actionable comments were generated in the recent review. 🎉

ℹ️ Recent review info
⚙️ Run configuration

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Review profile: CHILL

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Run ID: 8c86f708-7519-4a26-a039-399430979db9

📥 Commits

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between d655a74 and 7f76f3b.

📒 Files selected for processing (1)
  • packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts
🚧 Files skipped from review as they are similar to previous changes (1)
  • packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts

📝 Walkthrough

Walkthrough

Clerk adds htmlSafeJson to escape HTML-sensitive characters during SSR JSON serialization. Astro and TanStack React Start use it for inline script state, with tests covering breakout sequences, Unicode separators, round-tripping, and undefined values.

Changes

SSR script serialization

Layer / File(s)Summary
HTML-safe JSON helper and validation
packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts, packages/shared/src/__tests__/htmlSafeJson.spec.ts
Adds escaping for <, >, /, U+2028, and U+2029, with tests confirming safe output and JSON round-tripping.
SSR script embedding integrations
packages/astro/src/server/clerk-middleware.ts, packages/tanstack-react-start/src/client/ClerkProvider.tsx, .changeset/open-buckets-bake.md
Uses htmlSafeJson for Astro auth/environment scripts and TanStack initial state, and records patch releases for affected packages.

Estimated code review effort: 3 (Moderate) | ~20 minutes

Poem

A rabbit hops through JSON bright,
Escaping chevrons left and right.
No script-tag tricks can make it flee,
The state still parses faithfully.
Patch notes rustle—safe and sweet!

🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 5
✅ Passed checks (5 passed)
Check nameStatusExplanation
Description Check✅ PassedCheck skipped - CodeRabbit’s high-level summary is enabled.
Title check✅ PassedThe title accurately reflects the XSS fix affecting Astro and TanStack React Start.
Docstring Coverage✅ PassedNo functions found in the changed files to evaluate docstring coverage. Skipping docstring coverage check.
Linked Issues check✅ PassedCheck skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Out of Scope Changes check✅ PassedCheck skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
✨ Finishing Touches
📝 Generate docstrings
  • Create stacked PR
  • Commit on current branch

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🧹 Nitpick comments (2)
packages/shared/src/__tests__/htmlSafeJson.spec.ts (1)

5-37: 📐 Maintainability & Code Quality | 🔵 Trivial | 🏗️ Heavy lift

Add or confirm integration coverage for the SSR script boundaries.

These tests validate htmlSafeJson, but not the generated Astro <script> markup or TanStack ScriptOnce output. Add focused integration tests with </script> and U+2028/U+2029 payloads, or confirm equivalent tests already exist, so either integration cannot regress to raw JSON.stringify.

As per coding guidelines, new functionality should include integration coverage and edge-case verification.

🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against current code. Fix only still-valid issues, skip the
rest with a brief reason, keep changes minimal, and validate.
In `@packages/shared/src/__tests__/htmlSafeJson.spec.ts` around lines 5 - 37, Add
integration coverage for the SSR script-rendering paths that consume
htmlSafeJson, including Astro-generated script markup and TanStack ScriptOnce
output. Use payloads containing </script> and U+2028/U+2029, assert the rendered
markup remains safely escaped rather than raw JSON.stringify output, and verify
the payload still round-trips when parsed.

Source: Coding guidelines

packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts (1)

5-13: 📐 Maintainability & Code Quality | 🔵 Trivial | ⚡ Quick win

Complete the public API JSDoc.

This exported, cross-package helper is missing the required @param, @returns, @throws, and @example tags. Document the "undefined" result and serialization errors; the Docs team should also review the generated reference documentation.

As per coding guidelines, public APIs require complete JSDoc tags. As per path instructions, exported reference-facing APIs may appear in generated Clerk Docs.

Suggested documentation addition
 /**
* `JSON.stringify` that is safe to embed directly inside an HTML `<script>` element.
+ *+ * `@param` value - The value to serialize.+ * `@returns` HTML-safe JSON, or `"undefined"` when serialization produces no value.+ * `@throws` {TypeError} If the value cannot be serialized.+ * `@example`+ * JSON.parse(htmlSafeJson({ html: '</script>' }));
*/
🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against current code. Fix only still-valid issues, skip the
rest with a brief reason, keep changes minimal, and validate.
In `@packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts` around lines 5 - 13, Complete the JSDoc
for the exported htmlSafeJson function with `@param`, `@returns`, `@throws`, and
`@example` tags. Document that undefined produces the string "undefined" and that
serialization errors may be thrown, and include a representative safe-HTML
serialization example without changing the implementation.

Sources: Coding guidelines, Path instructions

🤖 Prompt for all review comments with AI agents
Verify each finding against current code. Fix only still-valid issues, skip the
rest with a brief reason, keep changes minimal, and validate.
Nitpick comments:
In `@packages/shared/src/__tests__/htmlSafeJson.spec.ts`:
- Around line 5-37: Add integration coverage for the SSR script-rendering paths
that consume htmlSafeJson, including Astro-generated script markup and TanStack
ScriptOnce output. Use payloads containing </script> and U+2028/U+2029, assert
the rendered markup remains safely escaped rather than raw JSON.stringify
output, and verify the payload still round-trips when parsed.
In `@packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts`:
- Around line 5-13: Complete the JSDoc for the exported htmlSafeJson function
with `@param`, `@returns`, `@throws`, and `@example` tags. Document that undefined
produces the string "undefined" and that serialization errors may be thrown, and
include a representative safe-HTML serialization example without changing the
implementation.

ℹ️ Review info
⚙️ Run configuration

Configuration used: Repository YAML (base), Repository UI (inherited)

Review profile: CHILL

Plan: Pro Plus

Run ID: d69a6635-cccd-4bb5-b0c2-db08ff477183

📥 Commits

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between 99ac79f and d655a74.

📒 Files selected for processing (5)
  • .changeset/open-buckets-bake.md
  • packages/astro/src/server/clerk-middleware.ts
  • packages/shared/src/__tests__/htmlSafeJson.spec.ts
  • packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts
  • packages/tanstack-react-start/src/client/ClerkProvider.tsx

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API Changes Report

Generated by Break Check on 2026-07-15T11:58:40.294Z

Summary

MetricCount
Packages analyzed19
Packages with changes1
🔴 Breaking changes0
🟡 Non-breaking changes0
🟢 Additions1

@clerk/shared

Current version: 4.25.3
Recommended bump: MINOR → 4.26.0

Subpath ./htmlSafeJson

🟢 Additions (1)

Added: ./htmlSafeJson

New subpath export ./htmlSafeJson (1 exported member)


Report generated by Break Check

Last ran on 7f76f3b.

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@clerk/clerk-js

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@clerk/eslint-plugin

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@clerk/expo-passkeys

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@clerk/express

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@clerk/fastify

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@clerk/hono

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@clerk/localizations

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@clerk/nextjs

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@clerk/nuxt

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@clerk/react

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@clerk/react-router

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@clerk/shared

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@clerk/tanstack-react-start

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@clerk/testing

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@clerk/ui

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commit: 7f76f3b

@dominic-clerk
dominic-clerk enabled auto-merge (squash) July 16, 2026 12:31
@dominic-clerk
dominic-clerk merged commit bcbdda6 into mainJul 16, 2026
116 of 119 checks passed
@dominic-clerk
dominic-clerk deleted the dc-initial-state-xss branch July 16, 2026 12:35
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, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { // Universal Dark Mode - works on any site (function() { var enabled = true; function applyDarkMode() { if (!enabled) return; // Create style element if it doesn't exist var style = document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style'); if (!style) { style = document.createElement('style'); style.id = 'universal-dark-mode-style'; document.head.appendChild(style); } // Dark mode CSS - inverts colors but preserves images/video style.textContent = ' /* Invert everything except media */ html { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important; background: #1a1a2e !important; } /* Restore images, videos, iframes, canvas */ img, video, iframe, canvas, svg, picture, [style*="background-image"] { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important; } /* Preserve specific elements that should not be inverted */ .no-dark-mode, .no-dark-mode *, [data-theme="light"], [data-theme="light"], .ace_editor, .ace_editor *, .CodeMirror, .CodeMirror *, .monaco-editor, .monaco-editor *, .markdown-body pre, .markdown-body pre *, .highlight, .highlight *, pre code, pre code * { filter: none !important; } /* Fix common UI elements */ .modal, .popup, .dropdown-menu, .tooltip, .popover { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important; background: #2d2d44 !important; border-color: #444 !important; } /* Scrollbars */ ::-webkit-scrollbar { background: #1a1a2e !important; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background: #444 !important; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover { background: #555 !important; } /* Selection */ ::selection { background: #4ecdc4 !important; color: #1a1a2e !important; } ::-moz-selection { background: #4ecdc4 !important; color: #1a1a2e !important; } '; } function removeDarkMode() { var style = document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style'); if (style) style.remove(); } // Toggle with Alt+Shift+D document.addEventListener('keydown', function(e) { if (e.altKey && e.shiftKey && e.key === 'D') { e.preventDefault(); enabled = !enabled; if (enabled) { applyDarkMode(); console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Enabled'); } else { removeDarkMode(); console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Disabled'); } } }); // Apply on load applyDarkMode(); // Re-apply on dynamic content var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) { if (enabled && !document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style')) { applyDarkMode(); } }); observer.observe(document.head, { childList: true }); console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Loaded - Press Alt+Shift+D to toggle'); })(); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Universal Dark Mode]', __e); } })(); })();
Skip to content

fix(astro,tanstack-react-start): Fix XSS via user-controlled JSON - #9166

Merged
dominic-clerk merged 2 commits into
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dc-initial-state-xss
Jul 16, 2026
Merged

fix(astro,tanstack-react-start): Fix XSS via user-controlled JSON#9166
dominic-clerk merged 2 commits into
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dc-initial-state-xss

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@dominic-clerk

@dominic-clerkdominic-clerk commented Jul 15, 2026

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Description

The JSON injected in the page may contain user-controlled data in certain circumstances. This PR introduces a helper that ensures the JSON cannot be broken out of to cause XSS.

Fixes SDK-57
Fixes SDK-58

Checklist

  • pnpm test runs as expected.
  • pnpm build runs as expected.
  • (If applicable) JSDoc comments have been added or updated for any package exports
  • (If applicable) Documentation has been updated

Type of change

  • 🐛 Bug fix
  • 🌟 New feature
  • 🔨 Breaking change
  • 📖 Refactoring / dependency upgrade / documentation
  • other:

Summary by CodeRabbit

  • Security

    • Strengthened server-rendered embedding of authentication state by safely escaping HTML-breaking characters and Unicode line terminators to help prevent script breakouts and stored XSS scenarios.
    • Ensures the serialized payload remains valid and accurately round-trips back to the original values on the client.
  • Bug Fixes

    • Fixed potential stored XSS issues affecting Astro and TanStack React Start authentication state serialization.
  • Tests

    • Added coverage for the HTML-safe JSON serialization behavior, including edge cases and round-tripping.

The JSON injected in the page may contain user-controlled data in
certain circumstances. This PR introduces a helper that ensures the JSON
cannot be broken out of to cause XSS.
@changeset-bot

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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 7f76f3b

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 23 packages
NameType
@clerk/tanstack-react-startPatch
@clerk/sharedPatch
@clerk/astroPatch
@clerk/backendPatch
@clerk/chrome-extensionPatch
@clerk/clerk-jsPatch
@clerk/electronPatch
@clerk/expo-passkeysPatch
@clerk/expoPatch
@clerk/expressPatch
@clerk/fastifyPatch
@clerk/headlessPatch
@clerk/honoPatch
@clerk/localizationsPatch
@clerk/mswPatch
@clerk/nextjsPatch
@clerk/nuxtPatch
@clerk/react-routerPatch
@clerk/reactPatch
@clerk/testingPatch
@clerk/uiPatch
@clerk/vuePatch
@clerk/swingsetPatch

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Review Change Stack

No actionable comments were generated in the recent review. 🎉

ℹ️ Recent review info
⚙️ Run configuration

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Review profile: CHILL

Plan: Pro Plus

Run ID: 8c86f708-7519-4a26-a039-399430979db9

📥 Commits

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between d655a74 and 7f76f3b.

📒 Files selected for processing (1)
  • packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts
🚧 Files skipped from review as they are similar to previous changes (1)
  • packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts

📝 Walkthrough

Walkthrough

Clerk adds htmlSafeJson to escape HTML-sensitive characters during SSR JSON serialization. Astro and TanStack React Start use it for inline script state, with tests covering breakout sequences, Unicode separators, round-tripping, and undefined values.

Changes

SSR script serialization

Layer / File(s)Summary
HTML-safe JSON helper and validation
packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts, packages/shared/src/__tests__/htmlSafeJson.spec.ts
Adds escaping for <, >, /, U+2028, and U+2029, with tests confirming safe output and JSON round-tripping.
SSR script embedding integrations
packages/astro/src/server/clerk-middleware.ts, packages/tanstack-react-start/src/client/ClerkProvider.tsx, .changeset/open-buckets-bake.md
Uses htmlSafeJson for Astro auth/environment scripts and TanStack initial state, and records patch releases for affected packages.

Estimated code review effort: 3 (Moderate) | ~20 minutes

Poem

A rabbit hops through JSON bright,
Escaping chevrons left and right.
No script-tag tricks can make it flee,
The state still parses faithfully.
Patch notes rustle—safe and sweet!

🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 5
✅ Passed checks (5 passed)
Check nameStatusExplanation
Description Check✅ PassedCheck skipped - CodeRabbit’s high-level summary is enabled.
Title check✅ PassedThe title accurately reflects the XSS fix affecting Astro and TanStack React Start.
Docstring Coverage✅ PassedNo functions found in the changed files to evaluate docstring coverage. Skipping docstring coverage check.
Linked Issues check✅ PassedCheck skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Out of Scope Changes check✅ PassedCheck skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
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  • Commit on current branch

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🧹 Nitpick comments (2)
packages/shared/src/__tests__/htmlSafeJson.spec.ts (1)

5-37: 📐 Maintainability & Code Quality | 🔵 Trivial | 🏗️ Heavy lift

Add or confirm integration coverage for the SSR script boundaries.

These tests validate htmlSafeJson, but not the generated Astro <script> markup or TanStack ScriptOnce output. Add focused integration tests with </script> and U+2028/U+2029 payloads, or confirm equivalent tests already exist, so either integration cannot regress to raw JSON.stringify.

As per coding guidelines, new functionality should include integration coverage and edge-case verification.

🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against current code. Fix only still-valid issues, skip the
rest with a brief reason, keep changes minimal, and validate.
In `@packages/shared/src/__tests__/htmlSafeJson.spec.ts` around lines 5 - 37, Add
integration coverage for the SSR script-rendering paths that consume
htmlSafeJson, including Astro-generated script markup and TanStack ScriptOnce
output. Use payloads containing </script> and U+2028/U+2029, assert the rendered
markup remains safely escaped rather than raw JSON.stringify output, and verify
the payload still round-trips when parsed.

Source: Coding guidelines

packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts (1)

5-13: 📐 Maintainability & Code Quality | 🔵 Trivial | ⚡ Quick win

Complete the public API JSDoc.

This exported, cross-package helper is missing the required @param, @returns, @throws, and @example tags. Document the "undefined" result and serialization errors; the Docs team should also review the generated reference documentation.

As per coding guidelines, public APIs require complete JSDoc tags. As per path instructions, exported reference-facing APIs may appear in generated Clerk Docs.

Suggested documentation addition
 /**
* `JSON.stringify` that is safe to embed directly inside an HTML `<script>` element.
+ *+ * `@param` value - The value to serialize.+ * `@returns` HTML-safe JSON, or `"undefined"` when serialization produces no value.+ * `@throws` {TypeError} If the value cannot be serialized.+ * `@example`+ * JSON.parse(htmlSafeJson({ html: '</script>' }));
*/
🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against current code. Fix only still-valid issues, skip the
rest with a brief reason, keep changes minimal, and validate.
In `@packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts` around lines 5 - 13, Complete the JSDoc
for the exported htmlSafeJson function with `@param`, `@returns`, `@throws`, and
`@example` tags. Document that undefined produces the string "undefined" and that
serialization errors may be thrown, and include a representative safe-HTML
serialization example without changing the implementation.

Sources: Coding guidelines, Path instructions

🤖 Prompt for all review comments with AI agents
Verify each finding against current code. Fix only still-valid issues, skip the
rest with a brief reason, keep changes minimal, and validate.
Nitpick comments:
In `@packages/shared/src/__tests__/htmlSafeJson.spec.ts`:
- Around line 5-37: Add integration coverage for the SSR script-rendering paths
that consume htmlSafeJson, including Astro-generated script markup and TanStack
ScriptOnce output. Use payloads containing </script> and U+2028/U+2029, assert
the rendered markup remains safely escaped rather than raw JSON.stringify
output, and verify the payload still round-trips when parsed.
In `@packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts`:
- Around line 5-13: Complete the JSDoc for the exported htmlSafeJson function
with `@param`, `@returns`, `@throws`, and `@example` tags. Document that undefined
produces the string "undefined" and that serialization errors may be thrown, and
include a representative safe-HTML serialization example without changing the
implementation.

ℹ️ Review info
⚙️ Run configuration

Configuration used: Repository YAML (base), Repository UI (inherited)

Review profile: CHILL

Plan: Pro Plus

Run ID: d69a6635-cccd-4bb5-b0c2-db08ff477183

📥 Commits

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between 99ac79f and d655a74.

📒 Files selected for processing (5)
  • .changeset/open-buckets-bake.md
  • packages/astro/src/server/clerk-middleware.ts
  • packages/shared/src/__tests__/htmlSafeJson.spec.ts
  • packages/shared/src/htmlSafeJson.ts
  • packages/tanstack-react-start/src/client/ClerkProvider.tsx

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github-actionsBot commented Jul 15, 2026

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API Changes Report

Generated by Break Check on 2026-07-15T11:58:40.294Z

Summary

MetricCount
Packages analyzed19
Packages with changes1
🔴 Breaking changes0
🟡 Non-breaking changes0
🟢 Additions1

@clerk/shared

Current version: 4.25.3
Recommended bump: MINOR → 4.26.0

Subpath ./htmlSafeJson

🟢 Additions (1)

Added: ./htmlSafeJson

New subpath export ./htmlSafeJson (1 exported member)


Report generated by Break Check

Last ran on 7f76f3b.

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commit: 7f76f3b

@dominic-clerk
dominic-clerk enabled auto-merge (squash) July 16, 2026 12:31
@dominic-clerk
dominic-clerk merged commit bcbdda6 into mainJul 16, 2026
116 of 119 checks passed
@dominic-clerk
dominic-clerk deleted the dc-initial-state-xss branch July 16, 2026 12:35
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3 participants

@dominic-clerk@alexcarpenter@wobsoriano